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Vento, S.; Tanko, M.N. (The Lancet. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/issue/current, NaN, 2009)

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Abstract:

Biopsy specimens were taken from intact areas of antral mucosa in 100 consenting consecutive patients presenting for gastroscopy at the Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia. Spiral or curved bacilli were found in biopsy specimens from 58 patients. The bacteria were usually found in close contact with the mucosa, often in grooves between cells, within acinus-like infoldings of the epithelium, or within the mucosal pits. Gram-negative, flagellate, microaerophilic bacilli cultured from 11 biopsy specimens seemed to be a new species related to the genus campylobacter. The bacteria were sensitive to tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and penicillin,and were resistant to nalidixic acid. The bacteria were present in almost all patients with active chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, or gastric ulcer. Therefore, they might be an important causal factor in these diseases

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/348

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Bacterium that could cause cancer.pdf (660.5Kb)

Lymph nodes and pathogenesis of infection with HIV-1

Cainelli, F.; Vallone, A.; Tanko, M. N.; Vento, S. (Elsevier, http://www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2010)

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Abstract:	Lymphadenopathy was identified as an essential feature of AIDS soon after its appearance and before the identification of HIV as its cause.¹ However, lymphadenopathy has not subsequently received much attention. Recently, two studies have allowed lymph nodes to regain centre stage.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/582

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Lymph nodes and pathogenesis.pdf (355.1Kb)

Multiple oncogenic viruses identified in Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV-1 patients

Simbiri, K.O.; Murakami, M.; Feldman, M.; Steenhoff, A.P.; Nkomazana, O.; Bisson, G.; Robertson, E.S. (BioMed Central Ltd. www.infectagentscancer.com/content/5/1/6, NaN, 2010)

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Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a rare cancer that has increased in incidence with the HIV pandemic in Africa. The underlying cause of this cancer in HIV-infected patients from Botswana is not well defined. Results: Tissues were obtained from 28 OSSN and 8 pterygia patients. The tissues analyzed from OSSN patients were 83% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 70% were KSHV positive, 75% were HSV-1/2 positive, and 61% were CMV positive by PCR. Tissues from pterygium patients were 88% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 50% were KSHV positive, and 60% were CMV positive. None of the patients were JC or BK positive. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses further identified HPV, EBV, and KSHV in a subset of the tissue samples. Conclusion: We identified the known oncogenic viruses HPV, KSHV, and EBV in OSSN and pterygia tissues. The presence of these tumor viruses in OSSN suggests that they may contribute to the development of this malignancy in the HIV population. Further studies are necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms associated with viral antigens and their potential role in the development of OSSN.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/565

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Multiple oncogenic.pdf (3.107Mb)

Safety and efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma

Cainelli, F.; Vallone, A. (Dove Medical Press Ltd. http://www.dovepress.com/biologics-targets--therapy-journal, NaN, 2009)

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Kaposi’s sarcoma is a vascular tumor linked to the presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) and the incidence of which has increased considerably the world over after the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Antiretroviral therapy combined with cytotoxic agents has been established as the treatment of choice in the past 10 years. Among chemotherapeutic agents, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has become the preferred one for patients with HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in Western countries. The drug in this formulation localizes better to the tumor and has higher efficacy. Skin toxicity, mucositis, and leukopenia/neutropenia are the main side effects. Hepatotoxicity and mild cardiotoxicity are observed less frequently. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin impacts favorably on quality of life. Although cost effective in Western countries, the drug is less so in developing countries.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/419

Files in this item: 1

Safety and efficacy.pdf (737.4Kb)

Successful Introduction of Routine Opt-Out HIV Testing

Creek, T.L.; Ntumy, R.; Seipone, K.; Smith, M.; Mogodi, M.; Smit, M.; Legwaila, K.; Molokwane, I.; Tebele, G.; Mazhani, L.; Shaffer, N.; Kilmarx, P.H. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. http://journals.lww.com/jaids/pages/default.aspx, NaN, 2007)

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Botswana has high HIV prevalence among pregnant women (37.4% in 2003) and provides free services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Nearly all pregnant women (.95%) have antenatal care (ANC) and deliver in hospital. Uptake of antenatal HIV testing was low from 1999 through 2003. In 2004, Botswana’s President declared that HIV testing should be ‘‘routine but not compulsory’’ in medical settings.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/330

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Successful introduction of routine.pdf (4.433Mb)

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