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African literature: Matshoba's "call me not a man"

Jankie, D. (National Council of Teachers of English, http://www.ncte.org/, December NaN, 1990)

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Abstract:	Suggests using Mtutuzeli Matshoba's "Call Me Not a Man" as the central text in a unit on oppression to help students understand and make them better able to respond to oppression. Provides key questions for structuring the unit to help students consider aspects of oppression that they might otherwise neglect.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1122

Files in this item: 1

Jankie_TEJ_1990.pdf (766.5Kb)

The study of curriculum change in Botswana with special reference to primary science: an historical perspective

Mosothwane, M. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, NaN, 1995)

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Abstract:

This paper traces historical events in the development of primary science in Botswana. It identifies changes that have taken place from 1969 to 1989. Prior to 1969, the word science in primary schools was non-existent. Primary pupils were taught nature study which emphasised hygiene and plants. The revised 1982 primary science curriculum coincided with the period of rapid industrial developments in Botswana. The purpose of including physical science concepts in the primary science curriculum was to prepare the nation for industrialisation. The purpose of including environmental concepts in the primary science curriculum was to raise the environmental awareness of the nation.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1047

Files in this item: 1

Mosothwane_PCS_1995.pdf (1.135Mb)

Competing gender ideologies: a conceptual framework for the analysis of education amongst Batswana of Botswana, c.1840-c.1994

Mafela, L. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana. http://www.thuto.org, NaN, 1997)

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Abstract:

In both precolonial and Westerm forms of schooling, education was a crucial medium of construction and articulation of ideas concerning the role and behaviour of women. Precolonial education reproduced and maintained sharp gender differentiation in the division of labour. Socialisation and women's own internalisation of their role and position in society, upheld dominant male ideology and subordination of women. Under colonialism, missionary and colonial education renegotiated but did not fundamentally change the role and position of women. However, it inadvertently also provided women with ways to move out of the household sphere into the wider labour market, albeit as unequal participants. Missionary education strictly separated the sexes and rested on the continued association of women with Victorian notions of 'domesticity'. The concept of ideology is used in this paper to tease out and highlight the gender dynamics which have influenced and directed education among Batswana.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/525

Files in this item: 1

mafela Competing gender ideologies.pdf (794.6Kb)

Determinants of the nutritional status of children in a rural African setting: the case of Chobe district, Botswana

Gobotswang, K. (United Nations University Press. http://www.unu.edu, NaN, 1998)

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Abstract:

Variations in interdistrict nutritional status have puzzled both social policy makers and health workers in Botswana. A total of 643 households and 898 pre-school children were surveyed to determine factors that are associated with the nutritional status of children below the age of five years in the north-western District of Chobe. Except for those in remote and difficult-to-reach places, all households with a pre-school child were selected for the study. The results showed that the nutritioneal status of the preschool children had a strong positive correlation with access to a latrine (r = 0.52) and ownership of cattle (r = 0.27). Age was negatively correlated with the child’s nutritional status (r = -0.02).

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/546

Files in this item: 1

Gobotswang_FNB_1998.pdf (329.4Kb)

Nutrition-infection interactions

Mahgoub, S.E.O. (AFAHPER-SD; see http://www.ajol.info/journal_index.php?jid=153, NaN, 1998)

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Abstract:	Nutrition and health are closely related to each other. Adequate nutrition leads to good or normal health. The focus of this paper is on the interaction of, and relationships between, nutrition and infection (as a health aspect).
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/220

Files in this item: 2

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Mahgoub_AJPHERD_1998.pdf (1.414Mb)

Teachers' perspectives on classroom practice in Botswana: implications for pedagogical change

Tabulawa, R. (Routledge http://www.informaworld.com, April NaN, 1998)

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Abstract:

Attempts to improve the quality of education in Botswana have, inter alia, included an emphasis on a learner-centered pedagogy. Attempts at implementing this pedagogy have been made within the ambit of the technical rational model of curriculum development. The attempts, however, have produced inconclusive results, and these results have often been rationalized in technicist terms, e.g. as being due to lack of resources and poorly trained teachers. Overlooked in this technicist model are the teachers' perspectives on the innovation. Using the case-study approach within the rubrics of the qualitative research paradigm, this study sought to establish the perspectives of geography teachers in a senior secondary school in Botswana vis-a-vis the learnercentered pedagogy advocated in Education for Kagisano (Social Harmony), a report produced by the 1977 Commission on Education. The findings indicated that teachers' classroom practices were influenced by many factors other than technical ones: these included the teachers' assumptions about the nature of knowledge and the ways it ought to be transmitted, their perceptions of students, and the goal of schooling. It also emerged that their assumptions were incongruent with the basic tenets of the learner-centered pedagogy. The findings, then, are an indictment of the technical rational model of change implementation applied in Botswana. They indicate that disregarding what teachers know and think about their taken-for-granted classroom practices when effecting change can lead to disappointing results.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/698

Files in this item: 1

Tabulawa_IJQSE_1998.pdf (1.076Mb)

A departure from the past? Extension workers and participatory rural development: the case of Botswana

Youngman, F.; Maruatona, T. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.informaworld.com, July NaN, 1998)

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Abstract:

This article addresses the question of whether extension workers can change their attitudes and practices in order to promote participatory rural development by considering the case of Botswana. It discusses the emergent participatory extension paradigm which uses techniques such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA). It describes the new community-based strategy for rural development in Botswana which includes the expectation that the extension services can be reorientated to facilitate increased community participation. Evidence is presented from research in 1995-96 which evaluated a pilot project involving PRAs undertaken by extension workers in four districts. The project sought to find out systematically whether PRA could enhance the ability of the extension services to undertake participatory rural development. The findings suggest that extension workers can develop through training the attitudinal predisposition necessary for adopting a more participatory approach to extension practice. However, there are institutional and contextual constraints which present obstacles to implementing participatory rural development. It is therefore not certain that the proposal to expand the use of PRA on a national scale will lead to the anticipated reorientation of the extension services.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1043

Files in this item: 1

Youngman_IJLE_1998.pdf (1.239Mb)

Perceptions of the water cycle among primary school children in Botswana

Taiwo, A.A. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:

The study was designed to elucidate the nature of the perception of the water cycle held by Botswana pupils in standards 4 to 7 of primary schools in three different areas (namely, remote area dwellers’ settlement, peri-urban and urban areas) of Botswana. The research design employed a survey method involving the administration of a structured instrument and interview sessions for data collection. Analyses of research data were carried out by both qualitative and quantitative methods. Among other things, the outcome of the study showed that the perception of water cycle held by the study sample was positively influenced by schooling but negatively impacted upon, to some extent, by the ’untutored’ ideas the children brought to school.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1111

Files in this item: 1

Taiwo_IJSE_1999.pdf (1.131Mb)

Colonial initiatives and Afreican responses in the esdtablishment of the dairy industry in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1930-1966

Mafela, L. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana http://www.thuto.org, NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:

The dairy industry arose in Bechuanaland primarily as an alternative to beef production in response to South Africa's restrictions on the import of cattle from the Protectorate African dairy producers were at a disadvantage compared to settler farmers due to the lack of government support for the infrastructure essential for highly perishable dairy produce The decline of dairy production in the later colonial period can be attributed to the revival of beef exporting, which undercut the Administration's already limited interest. These events can be situated within the broader pattern of colonial underdevelopment.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/699

Files in this item: 1

mafela Colonial ... s and African response.pdf (962.7Kb)

Effect of traditional Sudanese processing of kisra bread and hulu-mur drink on their thiamine, riboflavin and mineral contents

Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Ahmed, B.M.; Ahmed, M.M.O.; El Agib, E.N.A.A. (Elsevier; www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem, NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:

The effect of fermentation, germination and heating on the levels of thiamine, riboflavin and some mineral elements was studied in Sudanese kisra bread and hulu-mur drink prepared from the two sorghum cultivars dabar and fetarita, consecutively. Fermentation of kisra increased riboflavin but decreased thiamine significantly (p<0.01), whereas fermentation of hulu-mur reduced the levels of both vitamins significantly (p<0.01). Germination of fetarita grains for 6 days caused a significant (p<0.01) increase of riboflavin (700%) and a significant (p<0.01) reduction of thiamine (42%). Riboflavin was not affected by baking of kisra and thiamine level was slightly reduced. Hulu-mur baking caused significant (p<0.01) reduction of both thiamine and riboflavin. Fermentation caused no significant effect (p<0.01) on the mineral contents of kisra or hulu-mur. Addition of spices to hulu-mur dough caused significant increases (p<0.01) of strontium (80%), calcium (60%) and iron (35%). Germination of fetarita grains caused significant increases (p<0.01) of zinc (90%), lead (65%) and molybdenum (58%). Baking of kisra and hulu-mur did not cause any significant loss (p<0.01) in the contents of minerals.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/215

Files in this item: 2

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Mahgoub_FC_1999.pdf (1.152Mb)

Production and evaluation of weaning foods based on sorghum and legumes

Mahgoub, S.E.O. (Kluwer Academic Publishers; Springer Netherlands http://www.springerlink.com/content/t218k71qq13p5476/, March NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:

Five weaning formulations (F1-F5) based on sorghum, groundnuts, sesame seeds, chickpeas, and skim milk powder were processed by a twin-roller drum dryer and evaluated for composition, functional properties (bulk density, water absorption capacity, and apparent viscosity), in vitro indices (protein digestibility and available lysine), protein quality (PER, NPR, and NPU) and effects of feeding on rat livers. Composition and properties of the five formulations were compared to those of Cerelac. The results indicated that F3 (60% sorghum, 20% chickpeas, 5% sesame, 8.5% skim milk powder, 5% sugar, and 1.5% vitamins and minerals) and F2 (55% sorghum, 15% chickpeas, 5% groundnuts, 10% sesame, 8.5% skim milk powder, 5% sugar, and 1.5% vitamins and minerals) formulations had compositions and properties comparable to those of Cerelac and hence have a good potential for use as weaning foods.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/213

Files in this item: 3

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Mahgoub_PFHN_1999.pdf (371.8Kb)

New developments in the national examination system in Botswana

Chilisa, B. (National Council on Measurement in Education. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com, December NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:	The study briefly looks at the new developments in the national examination system in Botswana. With this new system, the government opted for a criterion-referenced testing (CRT) model for primary and junior secondary schooling national examinations.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1009

Files in this item: 1

Chilisa_EMIP_1999.pdf (365.9Kb)

Towards equity in assessment: crafting gender-fair assessment

Chilisa, B. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, March 1, 2000)

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Abstract:

This article explores definitions of achievement and their relationship to gender-fair assessment. A framework to discuss achievement is drawn from the affinities of standpoint theory and post-structural theories' emphasis on the role of language in transmitting norms and values that shape gender relations. The first proposition put forward is that different modes of assessment denote different forms of knowledge that are not necessarily gender-neutral. The article illustrates the argument by identifying patterns of gender-biased items in the Junior Certificate science examinations in Botswana. The conclusion drawn is that these patterns illustrate forms of knowledge that are representative of male and female ways of perceiving reality. The patterns of gender-biased items corroborate those found in the international literature. The second proposition is that assessment materials may be gender-biased. The article illustrates gender bias through a content analysis of the Junior Certificate English reading passage examination and discusses the implications of this example for fairer assessment. Finally, a checklist is suggested for crafting gender-fair assessment.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/834

Files in this item: 1

Chilisa_AEPPP_2000.pdf (1.143Mb)

Globalization and lifelong education: reflection on some challenges for Africa

Oduaran, A. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, May NaN, 2000)

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Abstract:

The global phenomenon called globalization frequently offers justifications for socio-economic and political actions aimed at bringing rapidly into fruition the "Global Village" which Marshall McLuhan had anticipated decades ago. Both the 1972 UNESCO sponsored Commission Report chaired by Edgar Faure and that of 1996 chaired by Jacques Delors produced important documents which, as at other times, reviewed issues and priorities in education worldwide, in spite of the obvious extreme diversity in socio-economic, political and educational situations, conceptions and structures. As always, UNESCO had been concerned about the numerous and vibrant challenges the future holds in store for everyone. In doing so, lifelong education has been identified as one of the indispensable assets available to us in the pursuits which regularly bring into the fore the concern for equality, equity and, indeed, human reasonableness. As the world pursues the ideals and objectives of globalization, the need arises for a timely reassessment of positions especially in the context of consequences and challenges that are inherent. This paper seeks to examine globalization in the context of some of the major challenges it poses for Africa. In particular, it proposes how lifelong education might be structured to assist Africans in comprehending, evaluating and possibly, participating comparatively effectively in the relations implied in globalization rather than standing aloof and becoming hapless objects.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1042

Files in this item: 1

ODUARAN_IJLE_2000.pdf (1.785Mb)

Weight control perception among female adolescents in Botswana

Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Chilisa, B.; Lombe, C. (AFAHPER-SD; see http://www.ajol.info/journal_index.php?jid=153, October NaN, 2000)

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Abstract:	This study examined the weight control perception and the factors associated with it among female adolescents in Gaborone, Botswana. The subjects were two hundred and twenty 15-17 year-old students from five Community Junior Secondary schools in Gaborone, representing 7 ethnic backgrounds with 75% of them being Batswana...
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/221

Files in this item: 2

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Mahgoub_AJPHERD_2000.pdf (1.244Mb)

Nutrition and the ailing immune system: a challenge in the new millenium

Disele, P.L.P.; Peters, S.; Masoloko, T.; Shumba, A. (Office of Research and Development, University of Botswana; http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:	The new millennium has come but we are not healthy: the Human Immuno-deficiency VIruS (HIV) IS taking its toll. It is critical for everyone to find ways of coping with this problem, along side campaigns to eradicate the virus. There is need to explore the power of nutrition in boosting the immune system.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1148

Files in this item: 1

Disele_PBJAS_2001.pdf (426.5Kb)

A Survey of recreational facilities in southern Botswana schools for children with disabilities

Onyewadume I.; Nwaogu P. (University of Botswana; http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:

This study surveys the existing recreational facilities in Southern Botswana schools for children with disabilities. All the 14 schools for indviduals with disabilities in Southern Botswana were used for the study. The recreational facilities considered included archery, bowling and goal-ball facilities, swimming pools, badminton, basketball, handball, netball, tennis, and volleyball courts,soccer and softball pitches. Using the statistic for the test for significance of proportions, at 0.05 alpha level, it was observed that the proportion of archery, bowling and goal-ball facilitites, badminton, handball, netball and tennis courts and softball pitches in the schools were not significantly provided for by the schools' managements. However, the proportion of basketball and volleyball courts, soccer pitches, swimming pools and table tennis boards provided were not significantly different from the 0.5 (50%) chosen as the expected proportion. Hence these were accepted as having been adequately provided for. The researchers recommend assistance from individuals, non-governmental organisatios and the government of the Republic of Botswana for the provision of more recreational facilities for these children with special needs.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/760

Files in this item: 1

ONYEWADUME I.U- ... DREN WITH DISABILITIES.pdf (3.981Mb)

Anthropometry, body composition and somatotypes of Botswana national karate players: a descriptive study

Amusa, L.O.; Onyewadume I.U. (Tartu University Press; http://www.tyk.ee, NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:

The present study was undertaken to assess the physique, body composition and somatotypes of Botswana national karate players camped in preparation for the 1999. All Africa Games held in Johannesburg, South Africa. In total, ten male and seven female karate players took part in the descriptive research. The mean somtotype rating for males were: 2.5±1.1-3.9±0.9-3.0±1.2 and for females: 4.4±0.8-4.7±1.2-1.3±1.1 (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy and respectively). This exploratory study has revealed that anthropometric factors of height, body mass,%body fat. BMI and somatotypes are important for high profile sort like karate.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/759

Files in this item: 1

ONYEWADUME I.U- ... OTSWANA KARATE PLAYERS.pdf (3.019Mb)

Assessing the impact of HIV/AIDS on the University of Botswana

Chilisa, B. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana. http://www.thuto.org, NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:

The article reports findings on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the University of Botswana. Data from multiple sources was used to ascertain prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality among students and staff. Prevalence rates andfuture projections on morbidity could not be ascertained for both students and staff because of the absence of reliable data. The main conclusion drawn is that mortality rates for industrial and junior support staff are almost as high as that of the national adult population (15-49 years). Mortality rates for students and academic staff are however much lower than that projected for equivalent age groups in the national population. The study recommends the setting up of a comprehensive management information system supported by action-oriented research to inform institutional planning and to help comprehend how the epidemic will affect the university

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/604

Files in this item: 1

Chilisa_PULA_2001.pdf (1.076Mb)

The dominant tradition in adult literacy – a comparative study of national literacy programmes in Botswana and Zimbabwe

Mpofu, S.T.; Youngman, F. (Springer, http://www.springeronline.com, November NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:

The article highlights the renewed significance of adult literacy for international and national educational policy as a result of the World Educational Forum in 2000, at which a new vision of literacy was advocated. The difference between the new and old paradigms of adult literacy is considered. The article argues that the traditional approach which has dominated the international discourse on adult literacy has profoundly influenced national decisions. This influence is illustrated through a comparative analysis of national adult literacy programmes in Botswana and Zimbabwe. The programmes exhibit a high degree of similarity despite differences in the national contexts. The analysis shows that the traditional approach has been relatively ineffective in improving adult literacy levels. However, proposals for change influenced by the new paradigm have not been taken into account. Thus the examples of Botswana and Zimbabwe indicate the difficulty in displacing the dominant tradition in adult literacy at the level of national policy-making.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/629

Files in this item: 1

YOUNGMAN_IRE_2001.pdf (2.549Mb)

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