Browsing by Author "Jain, P.K."
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Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Prakash, J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/renene, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Republic of Botswana is one of the sunniest countries in Southern Africa. It has very little cloud cover, insufficient rainfall, very low humidity, and very low wind speed throughout the year for most parts of the country. The daily extremum temperatures appear to be very much related to solar irradiation which in turn depends on sunshine duration. In Botswana, solar irradiation on a horizontal surface is measured only at Sebele, but sunshine duration and extremum temperatures are measured at several locations throughout the country. This paper presents bivariate models that relate solar irradiation to sunshine duration, and solar irradiation to extremum temperatures for Sebele, Botswana. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that the solar irradiation series is stationary for d=2 and D=0, sunshine duration series is stationary for d=0 and D=0, while the extremum temperatures series are stationary for either d=0 and D=N where N=1, 2, . . . or d=1 and D=1. It is found that there is a lag of three months between the peaks of the differenced series of fractional sunshine duration and fractional solar irradiation. On the other hand it is found that there is at most a lag of one month between the peaks of the differenced series of maximum temperature and solar irradiation, and that there is no lag between the peaks of the differenced series of minimum temperature and solar irradiation. Analysis of the noise component revealed that the bivariate processes under consideration behaved either as a purely seasonal MA processes of order (0,1,1) or as ARIMA processes of order (0, 1, 1)x (0, 1, 1)12 or as a purely nonseasonal, autoregressive process of order 2. We claim that the relationships found for Sebele can be applied to estimate solar irradiation at other locations with climatic conditions similar to Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/177 Files in this item: 2
jain_RE_2003.pdf (1.288Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Mogotsi, B. (Elsevier Science Ltd. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09601481, January NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Lack of trained manpower for repair and maintenance of solar energy devices in Botswana has resulted in failure of devices, loss of revenue, and dwindling of consumer faith in solar technologies. The government of Botswana commissioned a study to assess the needs for trained manpower in New and Renewable Sources of Energy (NRSE) technologies, to identify the required training programs and their levels, and the facilities that need to be upgraded and/or created for the implementation of such training programs at the existing technical and educational institutions within the country. The paper presents the findings of the study, and the recommendations made. The study proposed seven training programs at progressively increasing skills and expertise levels that include two certificate courses in each of the solar water heating and photovoltaic technologies for maintenance personnel, a national craft certificate program in solar energy technologies, a higher diploma in energy technologies for supervisory personnel, and a short course for upper management personnel in decision-making positions in order to raise their skills in the procurement of equipment and services, and to provide overall effective leadership. A short course to upgrade the skills of the present maintenance personnel to alleviate the immediate problems is also proposed. Required upgrading of existing technical training facilities, the creation of new facilities and estimated budgetary requirements constitute some of the recommendations. The recommendations have gone through various channels of discussions, and have been accepted in principle. The report is currently under consideration for implementation by relevant government departments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/137 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M. (Elsevier Science Ltd: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/969/description#description, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Abstract Harmonic analysis of sunshine duration and solar irradiation measured at Sebele, Botswana is carried out. The data used consists of the monthly averages and the Julian-days averages of sunshine duration and solar irradiation sequences. This study involves splitting the time series into deterministic and stochastic components, and determining the proportion of the variance explained by each component. The stochastic component is analyzed for persistence using the Box and Jenkins technique. It is found that the stochastic component for monthly averages solar radiation series is best described by the second-order autoregressive Markov process, while that for Julian-days averages series has no memory. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/138 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)
Now showing items 1-3 of 3