Browsing by Title
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Temtime, ZT (Botswana Institute of Administration and Commerce, November NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Today's business environment is turbulent and requires firms, small or large, to be proactive and innovative rather than reactive and receptive if they are to survive and grow in it. Strategic awareness is a mental process of continually evaluating organisational and environmental problems and improvement on how they are identified, recognised, influenced and interpreted and consequently used in making managerial decisions. However, due to the apparent lack of resources and expertise, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) put greater emphasis on short-term survival issues that long-term competitiveness and dynamism. This paper develops and examines a conceptual model of SME problem classification for designing meaningful assistance schemes and entrepreneurial development programmes. .. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/190 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_BIAC_2005.pdf (2.741Mb) -
Mapolelo, M.; Torto, N. (Elsevier; www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: [Please note that chemical formulae do not display correctly in this abstract]. Sorption properties of baker's yeast cells, characterised as Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated for trace enrichment of metal ions: Cd2+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous environments. Metal concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Parameters affecting metal uptake such as solution pH, incubation time, amount of yeast biomass and effect of glucose concentration (energy source) were optimised. Further studies were carried out to evaluate the effects on metal uptake after treating yeast with glucose as well as with an organic solvent. The results showed that trace enrichment of the metals under study with yeast, depends upon the amount of yeast biomass, pH and incubation time. Treatment of yeast cells with 10-20mM glucose concentration enhanced metal uptake with exception to Cr6+, whose metal enrichment capacity decreased at glucose concentration of 60 mM. Of the investigated organic solvents THF and DMSO showed the highest and lowest capacity, respectively, to enhance metal uptake by yeast cells. Trace enrichment of metal ions from stream water, dam water, treated wastewater from a sewage plant and wastewater from an electroplating plant achieved enrichment factors (EF) varying from 1 to 98, without pre-treatment of the sample. pH adjustment further enhanced the EF for all samples. The results from these studies demonstrate that yeast is a viable trace metal enrichment media that can be used freely suspended in solution to achieve very high EF in aquatic environments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/156 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)mapolelotortonew.pdf (469.7Kb) -
Rwelamila, P. D.; Talukhaba, A .A.; Ngowi, A.B. (Emerald http://www.emeraldinsight.com, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: The lack of 'ubuntu'(African group solidarity) between project stakeholders in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) public building sector has been surrounded by controversy and strongly held opinions. The work reported in this paper attempts to indicate some salient issues affecting the relationshps between project stakeholders. The Botswana public building sector is used as a main case study and follwo-up studies are carried out involving another eight SADC countries. The paper addresses two propositions.First, that the lack of 'ubuntu' between project stakeholders is primarily due to an inappropriate project organizational structure.Second, that a default traditional construction procurement system (TCPS) provides a poor relationship management system. Information is obtained on the research areas through questionnaires to confirm executives, contract managers, site managers, trade foremen and skilled tradeperson on the dominant procurement system used in Botswana. Furthermore, senior technical officers of Public Works Ministries of another eight SADC countries are interviewed as a follow-up to the Botswana study. The primary conclusion to be drawn is that the building procurement system purported to be in use in the SADC public building sector differs significantly from that recommended in the theory, resulting in poor relationships between project stakeholders. This is primarily due to the use of inappropriate building procurement systems. In general, the TCPS in the SADC public buiding sector is used as a 'default system.' This has led to a situation where project management is a 'firefighting' activity, where group solidarity between project stakeholders is out of reach. Salient steps are proposed with proviso that the SADC public building sector should establish appropriate methods of selecting building procurement systems as a prerequisite in formulating appropriate project organizational structures which will bring the spirit of real co-operation between project stakeholders towards project success. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/612 Files in this item: 1
Rwelamila_ECAM_1999.pdf (1.580Mb) -
Phuthego, T.C.; Chanda, R. (Elsevier http://www.linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S014362280300033X, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The advent of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana in the late 1980s ushered in a new paradigm in natural resource management. The strategy marked a change from state-controlled to community-controlled wildlife management. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity, termed in this paper as traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), plays a significant role that is supposedly facilitated through local institutions and traditional practices. This paper examines the incorporation of TEK in the CBNRM projects in KD 1, which is a controlled-hunting area (CHA) in the north-western part of the Kgalagadi North sub-district, Botswana and illustrates that the projects acknowledge and demonstrate the utility value of TEK in sustainable natural resource management. It concludes that TEK systems and institutions could serve as entry points into sustainable natural resource utilisation and management. This could be achieved through the exploration of cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/418 Files in this item: 1
Phuthego_AG_2004.pdf (1.867Mb) -
Phamotse, I.T.; Nenty, H.J.; Odili, J.N. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com/, November NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The study used an inferential survey design in which a validated questionnaire was used to gather and analyze the views and perceptions of a random sample of 146 primary and 102 high school teachers at Qacha’s Nek district in Lesotho. These were with regard to the influence training in assessment has on the availability of skill to carry out effective classroom practices that sustain standards in educational assessment and hence enhance quality of education. The sample was made up of 119 male and 127 female teachers, 103 of theme with certificates 41 with diploma and 102 with bachelor’s degrees. Some 92 of them had 1-5 years of teaching experience, 57 had 6-10 years while 97 of them had above 10 years of such experience. Among them they attended a mean of 0.706 assessment-related workshops. The study involved the use of a face validated sic-option Likert-type questionnaire with two sets of items consisting of: (a) list of assessment skills to which teachers were required to indicate the level to which they possess each of them; a list of classroom assessment practices, which teachers were expected to indicate the frequency to which they applied each of them. A Cronbach alpha analysis gave the alpha coefficient of the instrument as 772 and 764 respectively for the two parts of the instrument. A composite of the number of assessment-related courses taken, and seminars and workshops attended were developed to operationalize each teacher’s level of assessment training. Based on this, 137 of them were found not to have any training in assessment at all, while 73 had a little training and 35 had some training in assessment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1130 Files in this item: 1
Nenty_IJSRE_2011.pdf (1.911Mb) -
Mosothwane, M.; Ndwapi, G. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, March NaN, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana’s 1994 Revised National Policy on Education of 1994 (RNPE, 1994) recommended that colleges of education in Botswana train teachers in Environmental Education (EE) methodologies using the infusion approach. To assess the extent to which this recommendation has been implemented, sixty teachers in their final year of study were surveyed. The results of this study show that, to date, colleges of education have not yet introduced environmental education into their teacher education programmes. Consequently, the subjects of the study did not perceive themselves as competent and effective environmental education teachers; however, they did see environmental education as a very important subject that could raise the environmental literacy of children in schools. The results of the study were analyzed using frequencies and percentages and for interview protocol questions thematic analysis was used. Implications for teaching environmental education are discussed in the light of the findings. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1038 Files in this item: 1
Mosothwane_IJRSE_2012.pdf (1.756Mb) -
Fynn, R.; Morris, G.; Ward, D.; Kirkman, K. (Wiley Online Library, March 4, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Question: Following the framework of Suding et al.(2003), we examined whether morphological traits (organismal response), tolerance and competitive effect (specific process response) were associated with grass dominance (abundance response) on burning, mowing, fertilization and soil depth gradients in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Location: University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Methods: Using several pot experiments involving 29 grass species in total, we determined the vegetative traits, competitive effect and response, and tolerance to shading for grasses common in closed, tufted mesic grassland in KZN. Results: The primary axis of grass–trait variation was most strongly related to a negative correlation (trade-off) between growth rate and specific leaf area (SLA), with broad-leaved, rapidly-growing grasses (high SLA) occupying one extreme and narrow-leaved, slow-growing grasses (low SLA) the other extreme of the first principal component. The low SLA, slow-growth strategy was found to be a relatively general strategy among grasses dominant in undisturbed, high litter grassland, as well as those adapted to moisture-stressed habitats. In contrast, grasses dominant in highly productive habitats with some form of disturbance, e.g. mowing, had a broad-leaved, rapid-growth strategy. Intermediate combinations of the SLA–growth rate trade-off were common among grasses dominant under other combinations of disturbance and soil resource availability. Conclusions: Distinct patterns of organismal (SLA, growth rate) and specific process (competitive effect and response, as well as tolerance of shading) responses appeared to be associated with grasses dominant on gradients of burning, mowing, fertilization and soil depth. These organismal and specific process responses were similar to those for North American and European grasses dominant under the same environmental influences, suggesting that some general trait–environment patterns exist at an inter-continental scale. This general trait–environment relationship appears to be driven by functional adaptive selection along the SLA–environment continuum and its unavoidable trade-off with growth rate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/810 Files in this item: 1
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Fako, T.T.; Linn, J.G.; Brown, B.E. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, www.vlib.ustu.ru/storon/kluwer, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The transfer of new health technology to South Africa is occurring despite the fact that North American and European health care planners and entrepreneurs have a very limited understanding of traditional Black South African cultures which condition the health-related behaviors of the majority of the population. Consequently, relatively few people of African descent in this very diverse nation are, at least initially, benefiting from the new imported medical technology. This study gives an overview of traditional Black medicine in South Africa and, through the presentation of several case studies, discusses its implications for the societal adoption of new health technology received from the United States and other industrialized nations. The example of the successful application of cervical cancer exams in rural and urban clinics of the Eastern Cape is analyzed and institutional mechanisms that support successful transfer are identified. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1129 Files in this item: 1
Fako_JTT_2000.pdf (791.1Kb) -
Ama, N.O. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This study presents the opinions of a stratified sample of 542 graduates of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana on their transition from higher education to employment and the extent to which the job held are appropriate to the level of education attained. The study revealed that the mean transition time for all the graduates was 4.6 months with a standard deviation of 0.19 months while they made an average of 13.5 contacts with employers before getting their first employment. The results of the analysis further showed a downward trend in the percentage of graduates whose transition times were less than 4 months over the study period. In addition the study revealed that over 72% of the graduates felt strongly that their jobs were appropriate to their level of education and relevant to the courses taken in the university and the public sector was still the highest employer. Based on the findings, the study recommends among other things, that the Botswana Government should sensitise and boost private sector involvement in the employment of graduates into their services in order to reduce the full burden of employment of graduates. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/653 Files in this item: 1
Ama_ERR_2008.pdf (266.5Kb) -
Black, F.J.; Bokhutlo, T.; Somoxa, A.; Maethamako, M.; Modisaemang, O.; Kemosedile, T.; Cobb-Adams, C.; Mosepele, K. (Elsevier, February 20, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Mercury is a neurotoxin and global pollutant, and wetlands and newly flooded areas are known to be sites of enhanced production of monomethylmercury, the form of mercury that is readily biomagnified in aquatic food chains to potentially toxic levels. The Okavango Delta in Botswana, Southern Africa, is the largest inland delta in the world and a wetland ecosystem that experiences dramatic annual flooding of large tracts of seasonal floodplains. The Delta was, therefore, expected to be home to high mercury levels in fish and to be an area where local subsistence fishing communities would be at substantial risk of mercury toxicity from fish consumption. Total mercury concentrations measured in 27 species of fish from the Okavango Delta averaged (mean±s.d., wet weight) 19±19 ng g−1 in non-piscivorous fish, and 59±53 ng g−1 in piscivorous fish. These mercury concentrations are similar to those reported for fish from lakes in other areas of tropical Africa, demonstrating that not all wetlands are sites of elevated mercury concentrations in biota. Even more intriguing is that concentrations of mercury in fish from across tropical Africa are systematically and substantially lower than those typically reported for fish from freshwater ecosystems elsewhere globally. The reasons for this apparent “African mercury anomaly” are unclear, but this finding poses a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of mercury's biogeochemical cycling in the environment. Mercury concentrations measured in human hair collected in subsistence fishing communities in the Okavango Delta were similarly low (0.21±0.22 μg g−1 dry weight) despite high levels of fish consumption, and reflect the low mercury concentrations in the fish here. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/806 Files in this item: 1
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Black, F.J.; Bokhutlo, T.; Somoxa, A.; Maethamako, M.; Modisaemang, O.; Kemosedile, T.; Cobb-Adams, C.; Mosepele, K.; Chimbari, M. (Elsevier, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Mercury is a neurotoxin and global pollutant, and wetlands and newly flooded areas are known to be sites of enhanced production of monomethylmercury, the form of mercury that is readily biomagnified in aquatic food chains to potentially toxic levels. The Okavango Delta in Botswana, Southern Africa, is the largest inland delta in the world and a wetland ecosystem that experiences dramatic annual flooding of large tracts of seasonal floodplains. The Delta was, therefore, expected to be home to high mercury levels in fish and to be an area where local subsistence fishing communities would be at substantial risk of mercury toxicity from fish consumption. Total mercury concentrations measured in 27 species of fish from the Okavango Delta averaged (mean ± s.d., wet weight) 19 ± 19 ng g−1 in non-piscivorous fish, and 59 ± 53 ng g−1 in piscivorous fish. These mercury concentrations are similar to those reported for fish from lakes in other areas of tropical Africa, demonstrating that not all wetlands are sites of elevated mercury concentrations in biota. Even more intriguing is that concentrations of mercury in fish from across tropical Africa are systematically and substantially lower than those typically reported for fish from freshwater ecosystems elsewhere globally. The reasons for this apparent “African mercury anomaly” are unclear, but this finding poses a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of mercury's biogeochemical cycling in the environment.Mercury concentrations measured in human hair collected in subsistence fishing communities in the Okavango Delta were similarly low (0.21 ± 0.22 μg g−1 dry weight) despite high levels of fish consumption, and reflect the low mercury concentrations in the fish here. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/782 Files in this item: 1
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Mitsch, W.J.; Nahlik, A.; Wolski, P.; Bernal, B.; Zhang, L.; Ramberg, L. (Springer, http://www.springer.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper summarizes the importance of climate on tropical wetlands. Regional hydrology and carbon dynamics in many of these wetlands could shift with dramatic changes in these major carbon storages if the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) were to change in its annual patterns. The importance of seasonal pulsing hydrology on many tropical wetlands, which can be caused by watershed activities, orographic features, or monsoonal pulses from the ITCZ, is illustrated by both annual and 30-year patterns of hydrology in the Okavango Delta in southern Africa. Current studies on carbon biogeochemistry in Central America are attempting to determine the rates of carbon sequestration in tropical wetlands compared to temperate wetlands and the effects of hydrologic conditions on methane generation in these wetlands. Using the same field and lab techniques, we estimated that a humid tropical wetland in Costa Rica accumulated 255 g C m−2 year−1 in the past 42 years, 80% more than a similar temperate wetland in Ohio that accumulated 142 g C m−2 year−1 over the same period. Methane emissions averaged 1,080 mg-C m−2 day−1 in a seasonally pulsed wetland in western Costa Rica, a rate higher than methane emission rates measured over the same period from humid tropic wetlands in eastern Costa Rica (120–278 mg-C m−2 day−1). Tropical wetlands are often tuned to seasonal pulses of water caused by the seasonal movement of the ITCZ and are the most likely to be have higher fire frequency and changed methane emissions and carbon oxidation if the ITCZ were to change even slightly. Description: Some symbols may not come as they are in the abstract. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/832 Files in this item: 1
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Bolaane, Maitseo M.M. (Routledge (Taylor and Francis) http://www.routledge.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this article is to examine the historical relationship between tsetse fly control, the cattle industry and game policy in northern Botswana. The article will locate the Botswana case in the context of contemporary tsetse and trypanosomes research in sub-Saharan Africa and illustrate some of the major factors influencing tsetse and trypanosomosis control policy in the Okavango Delta. It will also provide an overview of the development of Western scientific thinking about tsetse control in Botswana. It analyses the complex epistemologies employed in Western scientific accounts of the history of the area and emphasises the exceptionality of the Botswana context where tsetse and trypanosomosis control proceeded down a bumpy road of trial and error until late into the twentieth century. Although there seems to have been little attempt to incorporate indigenous knowledge about tsetse fly on the part of the colonial authorities, it is also interesting to note that, in the Botswana context, Africans also made sustained efforts to observe the fly environment and to experiment with its control. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/487 Files in this item: 1
Bolaane_SAHJ_2007.pdf (2.785Mb) -
Ngamba, D.; Awouafack, M.; Tane, P.; Bezabih, M.; Abegaz, B. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Gladiolus psittascinus HOOK, an herbaceous plant, is propagated by its bulb. This onion-looking plant occurs in rocky places in western province of Cameroon. The bulbs are used to treat asthma, gonorrhoea, diabetes and intestinal parasites (Adjanohoun et al., 1990). The bulbs of G. psittascinus were collected in Dschang (West Province of Cameroon) in July 2005 and identified by Mr Francois Nana, a botanist at the National Herbarium, Yaounde where a voucher specimen (55925 HCN) is deposited. We report here the isolation and structural elucidation from the chloroform extract of two new anthraquinones namely: 1,6,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-8-methyl-anthraquinone (1) and 1-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-8-methyl-anthraquinone (2) along with four known compounds. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, mainly, 1D and 2D NMR and by comparing their physical (mp) and spectroscopic (Table 1) data with those reported in the literature. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/248 Files in this item: 4
license.txt (1.998Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Mazimba, O.; Majinda, R.R.; Modibedi, C.; Masesane, I.B.; Cencicˇ, A.; Chingwaru, W. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/bmc, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The investigation of Tylosema esculentum (Morama) husks, cotyledons, and tuber yielded griffonilide 2, compound 1, griffonin 3, gallic acid 4, protocatechuic acid 5, b-sitosterol 6, behenic acid 7, oleic acid 8, sucrose 9, 2-O-ethyl-a-D-glucopyranoside 10, kaempferol 11 and kaempferol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside 12. The structures of the isolates were determined by NMR, HR-TOF EIMS, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy, and by comparison with literature data. The husk EtOAc and n-butanol extracts demonstrated >90% DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentrations of 25, 50 and 250 lg/mL. Furthermore the husk extracts showed higher total phenolic content (233 mg GAE/g). The extractives exhibited minimum inhibitory quantities of 50–100 lg or no activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The tuber extracts were inactive against Caco-2 and Hela cell lines, while the husk extracts showed low activity against Caco-2 and Vero cell line with IC50 values >400 lg/mL. The GC–MS analysis showed the beans and tuber non-polar (n-hexane) extracts major constituents as fatty acids. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1029 Files in this item: 1
Mazimba_BMC_2011.pdf (698.8Kb) -
Masale, M. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/physc, January NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The problem of a type II superconducting disk in a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field is considered. The aim of the investigations undertaken here is to evaluate the effects of the spatial inhomogeneity of the parallel component of the applied magnetic field on the nature of the superconducting nucleation of a short cylinder. Full numerical solutions of the linearized Ginzburg-Landau equation for the order parameter, taking into account only the parallel component of the field, are presented in the case of a solid disk;free-standing and in a metallic matrix. In the case of a mesoscopic system, only the limiting form of the critical temperature is obtained. The temperature-field (e-f) curves are characterized by flux-entry points at each of which the azimuthal quantum number decreases by unity. The quasi-period of the flux-entry points increases in f with the increasing strength of the spatial inhomogeneity of the applied field. The increased effect of coating the superconductor with a suitable normal metal leads to the well known suppression of the critical temperature as well as smoothing out of flux entries. It is predicted that the wiping out of surface nucleation is effected with relative ease when the applied magnetic field is uniform than when it posseses a degree of spatial inhomogeneity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/197 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Molomo, M.G. (Routledge, http://www.informaworld.com, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper discusses the relationship between the ruling party and opposition parties in the struggle to capture political power in Botswana. It demonstrates the resilience of the multi-party framework that is founded on the basic principles of political freedom and civil liberty. Moreover, it explains how the poverty of ideology has presented a political landscape without any clear political alternatives. More concretely, it outlines the weaknesses of opposition parties, that they do not pose any serious challenge to the ruling party. However, in spite of their weaknesses, opposition parties have played a more constructive role in shaping the democratic process than has commonly been recognised. They have provided important checks and balances to make government more accountable and responsive to peoples' needs, yet they have not projected themselves as alternative governments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/995 Files in this item: 1
Molomo_CCP_2000.pdf (2.191Mb) -
Otiti, T.; Ekosse, G-I.; Stephen, S.T. (Bioline International. http://www.ajol.info/journal_index.php?jid=90, June NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Normal, helical and zigzag deposited Ni films were produced by letting a vapour stream of source material impinge on Corning 1737 glass substrates at oblique incidence while rotating the substrate during deposition. Films produced by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique while rotating the substrate. The microstructures of these Ni films were studied using X-ray diffractometry technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns depicted 100% and 42% relative intensity (RI) peaks identified for normal and helical deposited Ni films but none for the zigzag deposited Ni film. Higher degree of crystallinity of Ni was demonstrated by the helical thin film sample having 200 nm thickness (sample Ni40) compared to the normal thin film which had only the 100% RI peak defined. Should an application therefore require Ni thin films of high crystallinity, it would be the film prepared with helical microstructure of 200 nm thickness that will be employed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/353 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Otiti_JASEM11_2007.pdf (451.5Kb) -
Nthomang, K. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, www.thuto.org/pula/html/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: This research note gives an overview of the doctoral research I conducted in 2000-0 I. The study entitled: Understanding the Development Experiences and Aspiration of One Basarwa Settlement in Botswana: Failed Implementation or Relentless Colonialisms was conducted among the Basarwa in the Kanaku settlement in the Southern Administrative District of Botswana (Mabutsane-subdistrict). My motivation to conduct this study has stemmed from my own professional experience. As a lecturer in the Department of Social Work, and a member then of the Basarwa Research Committee (BRC) and a human rights activist, I became aware of the injustices experienced by the Basarwa in Botswana in the name of "development". A number of concerns about the situation of the Basarwa, relating to the context, process and application of development policies and programmes, were raised both locally and internationally with regularity. Engaging in these forums and participating in research activities, seminars and conferences supported by the BRC changed me in a fundamental way. The experience has taught me that the current environment in which the Basarwa are stigmatized, disempowered and held with contempt by the dominant Tswana groups and the government offers them little hope to realize their aspirations for development programmes. So, I became interested in the processes that contribute to the continued marginalisation of the Basarwa and the search for answers, hence the conceptualization of this research. The research examined the situation of indigenous peoples in a global context and linked it to the situation of the Basarwa in Botswana and the various development approaches and strategies undertaken to address the situation. Specifically, the study explored how Basarwa resident in the Kanaku settlement understand development, as a result of their experiences with the Remote Area Development Programme (RADP), and what their aspirations are for appropriate development programmes. The study highlighted both the immediate and underlying problems responsible for continued failure in the implementation of the RADP projects in Kanaku. Using a theoretical-historical perspective of multiple colonization as a framework, I examined how the process of "development" has been and continues to be 168 used as a tool of colonization by dominant groups in society. I argue that the outcomes of development have been detrimental to the lives of the Basarwa and have functioned primarily as tools of colonization. The research calls for alternative development strategies to address the situation of the Basarwa in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/881 Files in this item: 1
Nthomang_PBJAS_2002.pdf (1.677Mb) -
Rasebotsa, N.L.; Lederer, M.S. (Indiana University Press, www.iupress.indiana.edu, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines how place is represented in two Botswana novels, Far and Beyon’ by Unity Dow and The Victims by Mositi Torontle. Conventional notions of rural as the “authentic” experience that is threatened by moral breakdown in modern towns do not fit the experiences that these two novels describe. Instead, place reveals attitudes that influence identity formation, and it does so by foregrounding the importance of human relationships. Thus, the important point is to restore and maintain a person’s sense of belonging to a family and extended community, regardless of whether those communities are rural or urban. Breakdown threatens people when they do not know to whom they belong, regardless of where they live. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/926 Files in this item: 1
Rasebotsa_RAL_2010.pdf (1.231Mb)