Browsing by Title
-
Keter, F.K.; Ojwach, S.O.; Oyetunji, O.A.; Guzei, I.A.; Darkwa, J. (Elsevier Science Ltd, www.elsevier.com/locate/ica, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: A series of pyrazolyl palladium(II), platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes, [PdCl2(3,5-R2bpza)] {R = H (1), R = Me (2), bpza = bis-pyrazolyl acetic acid}, [PtCl2(3,5-R2bpza)] {R = H (3a), R = Me (4)}, [AuCl2(3,5- R2bpza)]Cl {R = H (5a), R = Me (6a)} and [PdCl2(3,5-R2bpzate)] {R = Me (7)} have been synthesised and structurally characterised. Single crystal X-ray crystallography showed that the pyrazolyl ligands exhibit N^N-coordination with the metals. Anticancer activities of six complexes 1–6a were investigated against CHO cells and were found to have low activities. Substitution reactions of selected complexes 1, 2, 3a and 5a with L-cysteine show that the low anticancer activities compounds and that the rate of substitution with sulfur-containing compounds is not the cause of the low anticancer activities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1032 Files in this item: 1
Keter_ICA_2009.pdf (1.240Mb) -
Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Prakash, J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/renene, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Republic of Botswana is one of the sunniest countries in Southern Africa. It has very little cloud cover, insufficient rainfall, very low humidity, and very low wind speed throughout the year for most parts of the country. The daily extremum temperatures appear to be very much related to solar irradiation which in turn depends on sunshine duration. In Botswana, solar irradiation on a horizontal surface is measured only at Sebele, but sunshine duration and extremum temperatures are measured at several locations throughout the country. This paper presents bivariate models that relate solar irradiation to sunshine duration, and solar irradiation to extremum temperatures for Sebele, Botswana. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that the solar irradiation series is stationary for d=2 and D=0, sunshine duration series is stationary for d=0 and D=0, while the extremum temperatures series are stationary for either d=0 and D=N where N=1, 2, . . . or d=1 and D=1. It is found that there is a lag of three months between the peaks of the differenced series of fractional sunshine duration and fractional solar irradiation. On the other hand it is found that there is at most a lag of one month between the peaks of the differenced series of maximum temperature and solar irradiation, and that there is no lag between the peaks of the differenced series of minimum temperature and solar irradiation. Analysis of the noise component revealed that the bivariate processes under consideration behaved either as a purely seasonal MA processes of order (0,1,1) or as ARIMA processes of order (0, 1, 1)x (0, 1, 1)12 or as a purely nonseasonal, autoregressive process of order 2. We claim that the relationships found for Sebele can be applied to estimate solar irradiation at other locations with climatic conditions similar to Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/177 Files in this item: 2
jain_RE_2003.pdf (1.288Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Moswela, B (Kamla-Raj Enterprises; http://www.krepublishers.com/, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examined and discussed the nature of problems boarding schools in Botswana experience. The focus was on the boys' side of boarding. The paper argued that if the recreational facilities in boarding schools were not provided in sufficient quantities, students would seek other means which are not necessarily approved by school rules to keep themselves from boredom. Equally contributing to students' behaviour problem in boarding institutions is the multicultural composition of boarding students and the general poor calibre of boarding staff that have a duty of care to the students under their stewardship. The poor conditions at boarding schools and lack of close supervision, the paper concludes, encourage students to misbehave. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/148 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Moswela_JSS_2006.pdf (676.3Kb) -
Phibion, O. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, March NaN, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is aimed at discussing the information contained in Borankana (Phathisi), traditional music practiced by the Bakwena in the Kweneng District of Botswana. The paper was conceived through the collaborations between ethnomusicology classes and their subjects/respondentsin an effort to better understand Borankana traditional music performance, and its daily uses today. This paper addresses not only the traditional music, but also the traditional learning and transmission of the music. Data was gathered by author and students through kgotla (tribal administration) visits, oral interviews with the informants, as well as internet search and other secondary printed information repositories such as books and journals. Oral interviews were recorded using an audiotape for future referencing and photographs were taken of the practical music performances. It was evident in the interviews that for the Bakwena of Botswana, Borankana music was traditionally used for entertainment by both young and old people. However, it was also evident that dancing activities were largely dominated by men and boys while women sang, clapped hands and ululated. Historically, Borankana was performed during tribal activities only. Now it mainly used by men in day-to-day activities for entertainment with women accompanying through singing, hand clapping and ululating. Changes in costumes and the materials used to make instruments over time is also discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1064 Files in this item: 1
Phibion_IJSRE_2012.pdf (619.0Kb) -
Motlaleng, G.R. (Botswana Society, http://www.botsoc.org.bw, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper aims to show trends and variations in the Botswana Pula exchange rate before and after the introduction of the crawling-peg exchange rate system. The survey indicates that previous devaluations not accompanied by the crawling-peg exchange rate system were short-lived. It is shown that since the adoption of the crawling-peg exchange rate system the Pula has been depreciating. Additionally, the variance and the standard deviation revealed that variations in the nominal bilateral Pula exchange rates have been minimal since the adoption of the crawling-peg exchange rate system. To corroborate the foregoing, both the variance and the standard deviation are computed for the nominal and real effective exchange rate of the pula against major currencies using quarterly data. The findings also suggest that the variations have been minimal after the crawling peg. This is shown by small variance and the standard deviation of both the nominal and real effective exchange rates. This implies stability in the Pula exchange rate and positive results of the crawling-peg exchange rate policy regime. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1008 Files in this item: 1
Motlaleng_BNR_2009.pdf (4.632Mb) -
Siphambe, H.K. (Taylor & Francis (Routledge), www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com/, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Regional integration is a necessity for sustainable development and the generation of dynamic growth amongst SADC countries. For real integration to be achieved, there is a need for deep integration, which allows countries to surrender part of their sovereignty to a supranational power that will be responsible for bringing in uniformity amonst member nations in terms of policies and action. Countries in the region, even those like Botswana that have done well economically, share problems of poverty, high unemployment and disparuty in income distribution. Botswana, however, has some lessons to offer to the region, coming mainly from its prudent management of the economy, democracy and peace. As regional integration may lead to underinvestment in skills development if not properly coordinated, countries need to pursue employment creation more vigorously. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/885 Files in this item: 1
Siphambe_DSA_2004.pdf (701.0Kb) -
Mogalakwe, M. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: About a decade ago, the left learning Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE) published an article by Hoogvelt et al 1992)entitled: ‘The World Bank and Africa: A Case of Mistaken Identity.’ The article criticized the World Bank’s simplistic tendency to lump together African countries as if Africa is one entity. In their critique of the World Bank’s simplistic methodology, the authors cite several statements from the bank’s reports that posit, inter alia, that Africa is facing deepening crisis because of weak economic growth, low levels of manufacturing, poor export performance, declining industrial output, climbing debt, falling per capita incomes, low levels of investments and savings, weak institutional capacity and deteriorating social indicators, all compounded by accelerating population growth. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/784 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_PBJAS_2003.pdf (1.064Mb) -
Ketlogetswe, C.; Mothudi, T.H. (www.elsevier.com/locate/resconrec, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Recycling operations have become one of the primary strategies forwaste management,worldwide. Especially, recycling operations are viewed as among the most effective techniques for reducing the amount of municipal solid waste disposed at landfill sites. Botswana’s environmental policy on recycling stipulates, among others, that all waste management authorities should provide information on the classification and quantities of controlledwaste targeted for recycling. This paper, therefore, examines the extent to which recycling operations in Botswana have either been conducted in compliance with or in violation of some major environmental requirements as enunciated on statutory guidelines. Compatibility between environmental policies on recycling and actual practice is evaluated focusing on two companies (Dumatau trading and Botswana Tissue) involved in recycling operation. Data from the two companies is complemented by one collected from the Gaborone landfill site. Finally, this study discusses on the role played by various stakeholders in policy formulation and implementation with particular emphasis being placed on a select number of non-governmental organisations (NGO). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/378 Files in this item: 1
Ketlogetswe2005EnvPolicy.pdf (750.2Kb) -
Maundeni, T. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, www.thuto.org/pula/html/, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Even though HIV/AIDS affects people of all gender and age, most HIV research in Botswana has mainly focused on either girls or women, neglecying the boy child. This paper discusses the reasons for this neglect, explores the various factors that predispose the boy child to HIV infection and concludes by outlining strategies for the wayforward. The paper points out the need for more reliable data on the number of boys infected with HIV and calls for intensive HIV education with special emphasis on skills and social norms. It argues that the key challenges in addressing the needs of boys at risk of HIV infection lay in convincing the public that children have to be tested for HIV and, deconstructing traditional concepts of masculinity in ways that fit new realities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/879 Files in this item: 1
Maundeni_PBJAS_2004.pdf (796.6Kb) -
Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Bandeke, T.; Nnyepi, M. (Oxford University Press; http://tropej.oxfordjournals.org/, August NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in four randomly selected districts of Botswana. Two study sites were chosen in each district. Four hundred households with children under 3 years old were enrolled into the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to mothers of eligible children in 50 households in each of the eight sites. About half the families had monthly incomes below 400 Pula (1 US$ = 4.6 Pula). The majority of families had only one child under 3 years of age. A total of 76.4 per cent of the mothers were single and a high proportion of them had primary or secondary education. Over half, 59.3 per cent, of the mothers had a high level of information about breastfeeding mainly obtained before conception; 94.4 per cent of the mothers believed that breastfeeding was better than bottlefeeding. Ninety-five per cent of the mothers had breastfed their children, and they started breastfeeding immediately or a few hours after delivery. More than 85 per cent of the mothers were planning to continue breastfeeding for 18 months or more. The majority obtained advice about breastfeeding from health workers. The main reason for stopping breastfeeding was that the mother was at work or school. Although 58.2 per cent of mothers had little or no support for breastfeeding from the community it had a positive effect on their decision to breastfeed. The majority of mothers indicated their confidence about breastfeeding when they were pregnant. Over three-quarters (79.6 per cent) of the mothers delivered in government hospitals, and nearly all were roomed with their babies after delivery. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/214 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Mahgoub_JTP_2002.pdf (199.9Kb) -
Adekanmbi, A.R.; Boadi, B.Y. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/ locate/lcats, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is based on a study carried out in Botswana. The study examined the trend of allocations of materials budgets in Botswana colleges of education libraries from 2000 to 2004. Preliminary investigations had revealed that the information materials in the libraries appeared inadequate for the library clients. With the senior librarians in the six colleges forming the target group, a 21-item questionnaire was administered to the group. It was noted that the college libraries received annual budgetary allocations ranging between 8 and 11% of the total budgets of the colleges and, in all cases, the libraries spent over 60% of the materials budget on monographs and between 10 and 40% on printed journals. The college librarians were not encouraged to budget and they appeared ill-equipped to allocate materials funds. The study concludes that the college authorities and the Department of Teacher Training and Development need to provide support for the college librarians to enable them improve on their allocation activities. Library schools also have a major role to play in equipping librarians with skills of managing materials budgets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/562 Files in this item: 1
Adekanmbi2008LIBRARY RESOURCES.pdf (1.165Mb) -
Asare, S.D.; Mashwama, P.M.; Cunningham, S. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/cag, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: This note discusses issues in building the educational base for computer graphics growth in developing countries, particularly in southern Africa. It is based on a delegation’s visit to southern Africa in the spring of 2001 and on a workshop organised by the authors at the University of Botswana in June 2002. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/844 Files in this item: 1
Asare_CG_2003.pdf (448.1Kb) -
Kamwendo, G.H. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, September NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: In 1996, the Ministry of Education in Malawi directed that in future Standards 1 to 4 would be taught through mother tongues. It took eight years before the pilot phase of the language policy could begin. The paper critically analyses this situation using Bamgbose's framework which says that, in Africa, language policies tend to follow one or more of the following patterns: avoidance, vagueness, arbitrariness, fluctuation, and declaration without implementation. The paper explains why the implementation of Malawi's mother tongue instruction policy has been a slow journey on a bumpy road. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/522 Files in this item: 1
Kamwendo_JMMD_2008.pdf (680.5Kb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Faculty of Business, University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw/ord/ord_journals.cfm?pid=540&rf=545, March NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Although the relationship between planning and profitability is inconclusive, there is much consensus in the strategic management literature that no firm can survive in todayâ s turbulent and competitive markets without some form of business planning. This paper examines the business planning practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with special reference to the planning processes and contents. Data were collected from 87 SMEs in three cities in the Republic of Botswana through a structured interview. The findings of the study indicated that owner-managers of SMEs are not actively involved in the planning process. Instead they use external consultants and advisors to prepare their business plans, which they use primarily for the purpose of external validation and legitimacy. Although both small and medium sized firms put greater emphasis on operational and short-term survival oriented issues than strategic activities, the study found that there is a positive relationship between firm size and planning practices. As a firm grows in market share or number of employees, owner-managers tend to actively engage in the planning process. The study stresses the critical importance of business planning process rather than business plans in developing strategic thinking and awareness in SMEs. Some suggestions and implications for future research are also discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/179 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_BJB_2004.pdf (2.774Mb) -
Othata, O.; Seleke, T. (Made Plain Commucation, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This chapter reviews Botswana's integrity mechanisms within the business sector. It examines the role of the state owned businesses, by far the majority in Botswana,as well as the emerging privately owned business sector. It compares the role of various kinds of legislation relating to unlisted and listed companies, and the role of oversight bodies. In addition to relying on legislation and practice relating to business in Botswana, the authors of this chapter conducted an extensive survey of listed and unlisted companies, and conducted interviews with people in the business sector. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/636 Files in this item: 1
Othata_TACB_2008.pdf (1.771Mb) -
Mapeo, R.B.M.; Armstrong, R.A.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Modisi, M.P.; Ramokate, L.V.; Modie, B.N.J. (Elsevier B.V. www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Segwagwa Group of southeastern Botswana, a correlate of the Pretoria Group of the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa, consists of a major sequence of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, minor carbonates and basaltic to andesitic lavas and tuffs straddling the Western and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. The Segwagwa Group unconformably overlies the Taupone Dolomite Group, a correlative of the South African Chuniespoort/Ghaap Groups of the Transvaal Supergroup. SHRIMP U–Pb analyses of 123 detrital zircons from the top, middle and bottom of the Segwagwa Group sedimentary rocks include 96 concordant to nearconcordant zircons defining three main age groups: N3.0–2.9 Ga (n=12), 2.8–2.5 Ga (n=27) and 2.45–2.20 Ga (n=57). The ≥2.90 Ga zircons were sourced from granitoids emplaced before and around 2915±12 Ma and are related to the amalgamation of the Western, Northern and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. Concordant zircons with a mean age of 2781±8 Ma originate from the Gaborone Igneous Complex. The detrital zircons in the range 2.7–2.5 Ga were likely sourced from the Kalahari continental fragment made up of the Kaapvaal Craton, Limpopo Belt and the Zimbabwe Craton, specifically from the Limpopo Belt and/or the Zimbabwe Craton where igneous rocks in this age range are widespread. The igneous sources for the Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.45–2.20 Ga) zircons are difficult to identify since igneous rocks in that age are not widely known or documented by reliable dates in the Kalahari Craton. The youngest zircons of ca. 2.2 Ga occur in all the sandstones and form the main group (N90%) in the sample from the top of the Segwagwa Group. The youngest detrital zircon of 2193±20 Ma sets the maximum time of deposition of the Segwagwa Group. Published data suggest that the minimum deposition age of Chuniespoort/Ghaap Group sedimentary rocks is 2431±31 Ma [D.R. Nelson, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon Geochronological Data, 1996 Record 1997/2, pp. 189, Western Australia Geological Survey, 1997.]. Therefore, the unconformity between the Lower and Upper Transvaal represents a ∼200 Ma hiatus, and the lithostratigraphic units on the two sides of the unconformity should not be grouped in the same supergroup. Detrital zircon ages suggest that the time of deposition of the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group which ranges from ca. 2.40 to 2.20 Ga is coeval with the Palaeoproterozoic global glacial deposits in North America, Australia and Fennoscandia; and with sedimentary rocks from the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Belt. Therefore, the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group and the Magondi metasedimentary succession were deposited during the first global glacial period, are possibly related to the same geodynamic cycle, and should be part of the same supergroup. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/273 Files in this item: 1
A ca. 200Ma.pdf (11.14Mb) -
Mapeo, R.B.M.; Armstrong, R.A.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Modisi, M.P.; Ramokate, L.V.; Modie, B.N.J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Segwagwa Group of southeastern Botswana, a correlate of the Pretoria Group of the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa, consists of a major sequence of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, minor carbonates and basaltic to andesitic lavas and tuffs straddling the Western and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. The Segwagwa Group unconformably overlies the Taupone Dolomite Group, a correlative of the South African Chuniespoort/Ghaap Groups of the Transvaal Supergroup. SHRIMP U–Pb analyses of 123 detrital zircons from the top, middle and bottom of the Segwagwa Group sedimentary rocks include 96 concordant to nearconcordant zircons defining three main age groups: >3.0–2.9 Ga (n=12), 2.8–2.5 Ga (n=27) and 2.45–2.20 Ga (n=57). The ≥2.90 Ga zircons were sourced from granitoids emplaced before and around 2915±12 Ma and are related to the amalgamation of the Western, Northern and Central Domains of the Kaapvaal Craton. Concordant zircons with a mean age of 2781±8 Ma originate from the Gaborone Igneous Complex. The detrital zircons in the range 2.7–2.5 Ga were likely sourced from the Kalahari continental fragment made up of the Kaapvaal Craton, Limpopo Belt and the Zimbabwe Craton, specifically from the Limpopo Belt and/or the Zimbabwe Craton where igneous rocks in this age range are widespread. The igneous sources for the Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.45–2.20 Ga) zircons are difficult to identify since igneous rocks in that age are not widely known or documented by reliable dates in the Kalahari Craton. The youngest zircons of ca. 2.2 Ga occur in all the sandstones and form the main group (N90%) in the sample from the top of the Segwagwa Group. The youngest detrital zircon of 2193±20 Ma sets the maximum time of deposition of the Segwagwa Group. Published data suggest that the minimum deposition age of Chuniespoort/Ghaap Group sedimentary rocks is 2431±31 Ma [D.R. Nelson, Compilation of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon Geochronological Data, 1996 Record 1997/2, pp. 189, Western Australia Geological Survey, 1997.]. Therefore, the unconformity between the Lower and Upper Transvaal represents a ∼200 Ma hiatus, and the lithostratigraphic units on the two sides of the unconformity should not be grouped in the same supergroup. Detrital zircon ages suggest that the time of deposition of the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group which ranges from ca. 2.40 to 2.20 Ga is coeval with the Palaeoproterozoic global glacial deposits in North America, Australia and Fennoscandia; and with sedimentary rocks from the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Belt. Therefore, the Segwagwa/Pretoria Group and the Magondi metasedimentary succession were deposited during the first global glacial period, are possibly related to the same geodynamic cycle, and should be part of the same supergroup. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/742 Files in this item: 1
Mapeo2006Transvaal Groups.pdf (1.993Mb) -
Mataka, L.M.; Sajidu, S.M.I.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Mwatseteza, J.F. (Academic Journals: http://www.academicjournals.org/, May NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: There is a widespread recognition that the presence of heavy metals such as cadmium in water is hazardous to the environment and human health and their discharge into surface waters is of great concern worldwide. The use of natural coagulants such as Moringa for heavy metal removal from water replacing expensive imported synthetic coagulants is particularly appropriate for agro-based developing countries such as Malawi. This study was aimed at investigating the potential of Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera in the removal of cadmium(II) ions from water. The potential of Mstenopetala for cadmium removal was investigated by means of jar test beakers. With an initial cadmium concentration of 7 mg/l,M. stenopetala seed powder, at a dose of 2.50 g/100 ml, reduced the concentration of cadmium by 53.8%. Comparison of removal capacities between M. stenopetala and Moleifera indicated that M. stenopetala was more effective than M. oleifera in removing cadmium from water (p < 0.05). Increasing initial cadmium concentration, agitation time and ionic strength reduced cadmium removal. Equilibrium sorption was attained at pH 5 where maximum cadmium removals were 82.7 and 70.7% using M. stenopetala and M. oleifera respectively. There was a reduction in cadmium removal between 0 to 60°C for M. stenopetala and 0 - 40°C for M. oleifera before increasing with subsequent temperature increases. It was also shown that cadmium sorption at 30°C and pH 3 for the M. oleifera could best be modelled by the Freundlich isotherm whereas the Langmuir model is slightly better than the Freundlich isotherm in the case of the M. Stenopetala. The energies of adsorption from Dubinin-Radushkevich models have indicated that cadmium removal using both powders is based on physisorption. The results indicate that M. stenopetala and M. oleifera have potential in cadmium remediation of polluted waters. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/786 Files in this item: 1
-
Gobagoba, L.; Meyer, T.; Ringrose, S.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Coetzee, S. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Calcrete deposits of the Qangwa area, northwestern Botswana are evaluated on the basis of satellite imagery and sedimentological analysis. Enhanced Thematic Mapper imagery interpretation combined with field evidence has led to identification of the calcrete. This project aims at making a detailed surficial geology map accompanied by a report as a step in expanding the knowledge of calcretes. It also attempts to develop an understanding of the relationship in the timing of the late Quaternary wetter and drier phases. A digital map using GIS and remote sensing applications was developed from both analysed data and fieldwork. Data analysis revealed five types of calcretes and a calcareous soil. Hardpan calcrete along with brecciated and conglomeratic calcrete dominate the interfluves and are believed to predate the formation of nodular and honeycomb calcrete which occupy the valleys. The older hardpan associated types may have developed following regional wet/warm periods the last of which has been dated elsewhere as occurring c. 120,000. The younger valley calcretes show different mechanisms of formation, and are believed to have been developed following incision and palaeo-lake establishment, c. 25,000 years ago. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/943 Files in this item: 1
Gobagoba 2005 calcrete mapping.pdf (2.409Mb) -
Mpuchane, S.; Allotey, J.; Matsheka, I.; Simpanya, M.; Coetzee, S.; Jordaan, A.; Mrema, N.; Gashe, B.A. (ICIPE - African Insect Science for Food and Health, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=JTI, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Domestic cockroaches Blattella germanica were trapped from various homes in Gaborone, Botswana using ‘Dyroach’ traps. Isolations of bacteria, yeasts and moulds were done on external body parts and on the faecal pellets using various selective media. Body parts of cockroaches were also fixed with OsO4 vapour for 24 h, sputter coated with gold under special conditions and examined in a Phillips (1) XL30 ESEM in low vacuum mode. Awide spectrum of bacteria including common food spoilage and pathogenic organisms, such as Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Erwinia spp. Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and Serratia spp. were isolated. Yeasts commonly associated with food spoilage, such as Pichia sp., Candida sp. and Torulopsis spp. were found on many cockroaches. In addition, various groups of moulds, some associated with food spoilage and others known to produce mycotoxins, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus parasiticus were isolated. Antimicrobial sensitivities of bacterial isolates revealed resistance patterns to various agents. Since cockroaches are prevalent in homes, particularly in food preparation areas and since their body parts and faecal pellets have been found in food storage areas, concern about their impact on food quality and safety is raised and possible control measures including education of communities on proper sanitation are suggested. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1005 Files in this item: 1
Matsheka_IJTIS_2006.pdf (193.3Kb)