Browsing by Title
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Mekgwe, P.; Smith, A.M. (Indiana University Press, www.iupress.indiana.edu, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Acclaimed Edinburgh-based author Alexander McCall Smith is a professor of Medical Law and a prolific fiction writer. He has written over fifty books. It is, however, with the fictional character Ma-Ramotswe that his name is most readily associated. Ma-Ramotswe is the protagonist in McCall Smith’s Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series, which comprises six novels to date. The seventh and last in the series, Blue Shoes and Happiness, is to be released in 2006. The Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series is widely read in thirty-two languages across the world. The novels are set in Botswana, where McCall Smith was previously in the Department of Law at the University of Botswana. The author retains a strong relationship with the country and its people. In July 2004, Alexander McCall Smith visited Gaborone, Botswana, to begin work on adapting The Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series into a film. In this interview with Pinkie Mekgwe, McCall Smith talks about the importance of creating a character who represents “all that is fine in the human condition” in an era and geopolitical space where nihilism reigns. The author opens up on his life, work, awards, and future possibilities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/968 Files in this item: 1
Mekgwe_RAL_2006.pdf (1.127Mb) -
Chuma, J.M. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: A dielectric loaded rectangular cavity for the design and realisation of different elliptic function filters topologies is presented. The 3-D Transmission Linee modelling method (TLM) is applied to the analysis of the cavity to obtain the resonant frequencies and couplings between the rectangular cavities. As an application to the analysis, a 4-pole elliptic function filter is designed and measured results presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/701 Files in this item: 1
Chuma_BJT_2006.pdf (800.6Kb) -
Nair, S.; Vokolkova, V.; Abadjieva, T.; Michalek, J. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The percentage of students, especially women in engineering, is very low in Botswana and the country is still heavily dependent upon foreign human resources.The objective of this research has been to study the gender differences in education,which might have caused the current poor representation of women in engineering.The secondary school results of 749 students were statistically analyzed per gender.Three main factors were identified by factor analysis:The science-ability, the general aptitude and the memory ability factor.As to the general aptitude and the memory ability,it was found that no statistically significant difference between boys and girls exists.However, there is a difference in the science-ability factor. To strengthen this factor for girls,it requires to make the study of mathematics and science courses attractive to girls at early stage so that they are not limited in their options at the level of secondary education and thus in their career choice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/647 Files in this item: 1
Nair_BJT_2000.pdf (1.021Mb) -
Nair, S.; Vokolkova, V.; Abadjieva, T. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The percentage of students, especially women in engineering, is very low in Botswana and the country is still heavily dependent upon foreign human resources. The objective of this research has been to study the gender differences in education, which might have caused the current poor representation of women in engineering.The secondary school results of 749 students were statistically analyzed per gender. Three main factors were identified by factor analysis: the science ability, the general aptitude and the memory ability factor.As to the general-aptitude and memory ability factor, it was found that no statistically significant difference between boys and girls exists. However, there is a difference in the science-ability factor. To strengthen this factor for girls, it requires to make the studies of Mathematics and Science courses attractive to girls at early stage so that they are not limited in their options at the level of secondary education and thus in their career choice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/624 Files in this item: 1
Nair_BJT_2000.pdf (1.543Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (Florida International University, http://education.fiu.edu/newhorizons, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This manuscript documents the perceptions of teachers and learners towards the Regenerated Freirean Literacy Empowerment and Community Techniques (REFLECT) approach in the delivery of literacy in Ngamiland District, Botswana. It suggests that REFLECT changed the perceptions, lives, and work experiences of learners and teachers. REFLECT caused teachers to recognize learners’ knowledge and experiences. It enabled teachers to experience professional growth and engage in democratic practices and encouraged learners to make personal and group choices and take action against certain undesirable practices, such as alcoholism and the sale of beer to minors. The study argues that, compared to REFLECT, the current national literacy program is centralized and has minimal impact on participants. However, as implemented in the pilot project, REFLECT also had limitations, such as failing to generate practical solutions, demanding too much time from participants, and using poorly qualified teachers. These challenges could be addressed and REFLECT should be adopted to train regular literacy teachers nation-wide. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1100 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_NHAEHRD_2008.pdf (1.804Mb) -
Kizza, Sarah; Totolo, Otlogetswe; Perkins, Jeremy; Areola, Olusegun (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, December 4, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the depletion of soil nutrients with time on abandoned kraals in a peri-urban area of Botswana. Active kraals are enriched with nutrients through the accumulation of animal droppings and this study was aimed at assessing how long the impact of this soil nutrient enrichment persists after kraal abandonment. A total of 25 disused kraals, that had been abandoned for periods ranging from 1 to 45 years were sampled. The soil parameters analyzed included particle size distribution (%), bulk density (g/cm3), pore space (%), moisture content (%), pH in water and KCl solution, EC (μS/cm), organic matter (%), CEC (meq/100g), exchangeable Ca++(cmolc/kg), Mg++(cmolc/kg), K+(cmolc/kg), Na+ (cmolc/kg), nitrogen [NH4-N (mg/kg), NO3-N (mg/kg), TKN (%), and Olsen P (mg/kg). Results showed that soil nutrient concentrations on abandoned kraals generally were significantly higher than at the control sites. Soil nutrient concentrations decreased with time as abandoned kraals retrogressed towards their pre-kraal conditions. However, the effects of soil nutrient enrichment from animal wastes persist long after kraal abandonment. For example, soil Olsen P, Ca++ and Mg++ levels in kraal sites that had been abandoned for over 45 years were still significantly higher than in the control sites. In a pastoral system such as is practiced in Botswana where kraal manure is not used as soil amendment, the whole ecosystem suffers as soil nutrients are transferred and concentrated at isolated spots (kraals). Description: Full Length Research Paper URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1016 Files in this item: 1
Kizza et al.pdf (696.1Kb) -
Nenty, H.J. (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, http://www.krepublishers.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Student learning is influenced by many factors which educational research is tasked to determine and feed into the teaching-learning process to enhance its effectiveness. Several studies with different populations have determined that that to which a learner attributes his or her performance significantly influences such performance. To determine some of the factors that significantly impact upon students’ causal attribution of their performance on mathematics, this study ana1ysed, using chi-square (c2) statistics, survey research data from 717 Form D (Form 4) students from 30 randomly selected secondary schools in the Kingdom of Lesotho. The results showed that while gender of students had no significant influence on students attribution of their performance in mathematics, the person with whom the students were living, students’ preferred occupation after school, type of proprietor of schools, and preferred classroom seating zone during mathematics lesson, each had significant influence on this variable. Based on these results, appropriate discussions and recommendations were made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1094 Files in this item: 1
Nenty_JSS_2010.pdf (648.2Kb) -
Kizza, S; Areola, O (Academic Journals, November NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of the accumulation of animal wastes on the soils of active kraal sites through time. This investigation involved the sampling and analysis of the soils of kraals that had been in use for periods ranging from 2 to over 45 years. Soil sampling and analysis were done both in the dry and wet seasons for comparative purposes. The properties of the kraal soils were compared with those of control sites. Samples were taken from 25 kraals categorized into 5 age (length of use) groups: < 5years; 6 - 10; 11 - 20; 21 - 40; > 40 years. The soils were sampled at two depths, 0 – 15 and 15 – 35 cm. Soil parameters analyzed included particle size distribution (%), bulk density (g/cm3), pore space (%), moisture content (%), pH in water and in potassium chloride solution, EC (μS/cm), organic matter (%), CEC (meq/100g), exchangeable bases: Ca++(cmolc/kg), Mg++(cmolc/kg), K+(cmolc/kg), Na+(cmolc/kg); nitrogen: NH4-N (mg/kg), NO3-N (mg/kg), TKN (%), and Olsen P (mg/kg). Results showed a direct correlation between length of active kraal utilization and impact of animal waste concentration on the soil with correlation coefficients as high as r = 0.99 and r = 0.95 for pH and OM respectively. Nutrient levels in kraal soils of all ages were significantly higher (P = 0.05) than those of the control site soils. Most nutrient elements showed increases ranging from about 2 - 30 times greater than in the control site soils. Soil nutrient levels were higher in the dry season than in the wet season. The nutrient enrichment in the kraals extended deep into the soil, at least, to the 35 cm depth. The organic and nutrient enrichments of the soils also had very positive effects on soil moisture and structural characteristics. However, this highly localized nutrient enrichment of kraal soils is detrimental to the long term sustainability of arid ecosystems and soil productivity. The nutrients concentrated in kraals have been harvested from the surrounding areas by grazing animals and transferred to the kraal sites. In a situation of sedentary kraaling that exists in semi arid lands of Botswana where rotation of kraal sites or the harvesting of animal manure from kraals for use as soil manure is not commonly practiced, the concentration of soil nutrients at scattered kraal spots causes an imbalance in the spatial pattern of soil and plant productivity in the arid land ecosystem. The entire ecosystem is made poorer by this phenomenon. Description: Full Length Research Paper URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1095 Files in this item: 1
Kizza and 0Areola.pdf (293.8Kb) -
Abusukhon, A.; Talib, M. (The Science and Information Organization Inc., http://ijacsa.thesai.org/, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: In parallel (IR) systems, where a large-scale collection is indexed and searched, the query response time is limited by the time of the slowest node in the system. Thus distributing the load equally across the nodes is very important issue. Mainly there are two methods for collection indexing, namely document-based and term-based indexing. In term-based partitioning, the terms of the global index of a large-scale data collection are distributed or partitioned equally among nodes, and then a given query is divided into sub-queries and each sub-query is then directed to the relevant node. This provides high query throughput and concurrency but poor parallelism and load balance. In this paper, we introduce new methods for terms partitioning and then we compare the results from our methods with the results from the previous work with respect to load balance and query response time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1068 Files in this item: 1
Talib_IJACSA_2011.pdf (325.8Kb) -
Amusa, L.O.; Onyewadume I.U. (Tartu University Press; http://www.tyk.ee, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to assess the physique, body composition and somatotypes of Botswana national karate players camped in preparation for the 1999. All Africa Games held in Johannesburg, South Africa. In total, ten male and seven female karate players took part in the descriptive research. The mean somtotype rating for males were: 2.5±1.1-3.9±0.9-3.0±1.2 and for females: 4.4±0.8-4.7±1.2-1.3±1.1 (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy and respectively). This exploratory study has revealed that anthropometric factors of height, body mass,%body fat. BMI and somatotypes are important for high profile sort like karate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/759 Files in this item: 1
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Chacha, M.; Mapitse, R.; Afolayan, AJ; Majinda, R.R.T. (Natural Product Inc. http://www.naturalproduct.us/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Investigation of the roots of Ceriops tagal led to the isolation of a new isopimarane, together with the known diterpenes isopimar-8(14)-en-15,16-diol and erythroxyl-4(17),15(16)-dien-3-one. The structure of the new compound was identified as isopimar-8(14)-en-16-hydroxy-15-one. These structures were determined from extensive spectroscopic data analysis. The isolates were screened for antibacterial activity using the agar dilution method against ten test bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus kristinae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella pooni, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyrogens). Isopimar-8(14)-en-16-hydroxy-15-one exhibited activity, with MIC values of 0.5 mg/mL against Streptococcus pyrogens; 0.25 mg/mL against Salmonella pooni and 0.1 mg/mL against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus kristinae. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/224 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Mbaveng, A.; Ngameni, B.; Kuete, V.; Simo, I.K.; Ambassa, P.; Roy, R.; Bezabili, M.; Etoa, F.X.; Ngadjui, B.; Abegaz, B.; Meyer, J.J.M.; Lall, N.; Beng, V.P. (Elsevier Ireland Ltd. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/506035/description#description, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of the twigs of Dorstenia barteri (DBT) as well as that of four of the five flavonoids isolated from this extract. Gram-positive bacteria (six species), Gram-negative bacteria (12 species) and fungi (four species) were used. The agar disc diffusion test was used to determine the sensitivity of the tested samples while the well micro-dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the active samples. The results of the disc diffusion assay showed that DBT, isobavachalcone (1), and kanzonol C (4) prevented the growth of all the 22 tested microbial species. Other compounds showed selective activity. The inhibitory activity of the most active compounds namely compounds 1 and 4 was noted on 86.4% of the tested microorganisms and that of 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (3) was observed on 72.7%. This lowest MIC value of 19.06 g/ml was observed with the crude extract on seven microorganisms namely Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogens, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Candida albicans. For the tested compounds, the lowest MIC value of 0.3 g/ml (on six of the 22 organisms tested) was obtained only with compound 1, which appeared as the most active compound. This lowest MIC value (0.3 g/ml) is about 4-fold lower than that of the RA, indicating the powerful and very interesting antimicrobial potential of isobavachalcone (1). The antimicrobial activities of DBT, as well as that of compounds 1, 3, 4, amentoflavone (5) are being reported for the first time. The overall results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the crude extracts from DBT as well as some of the isolated compounds in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/234 Files in this item: 2
Antimicrobial activity of the crude.pdf (2.258Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Kuete, V.; Ngameni, B.; Tsafack, A.M.; Ambassa, P.; Simo, I.K.; Bezabih, M.; Etoa, F.; Ngadjui, BT; Abegaz, B.M.; Beng, V.P. (Pharmacologyonline. http://www.pharmacologyonline.org/, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The crude extract from the twigs of Dorstenia elliptica (DET) as well one of the five compounds isolated from this extract namely O-[3-(2, 2-dimethyl-3-oxo-2H-furan-5-yl)-3- hydroxybutyl]bergaptol (5) were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The Agar disc diffusion test was used to determine the sensitivity of the tested samples while the well micro-dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the active samples. The results of the disc diffusion assay showed that DET prevented the growth of all the 22 tested microbial species while the two tested compounds showed selective activity. At the tested MIC interval ranged from 1.22 to 156.25 μg/ml for the crude extracts and 0.08 to 39.06 μg/ml for the compounds, the activity of DET was noted on 20 of the 22 microbial species. The antimicrobial activities of DET as well as that compound 5 are being reported for the first time. The overall results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the crude extract in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/287 Files in this item: 1
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE.pdf (4.398Mb) -
Kuete, V.; Metuno, R.; Ngameni, B.; Ngandeu, F.; Bezabih, M.; Etoa, F-X.; Ngadjui, B.; Abegaz, B.; Beng, V. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The crude methanolic extracts from Treculia africana and Treculia acuminata, three compounds isolated from T. africana and identified as, Phyllocoumarin (1), Catechin (2) and 6, 9-dihydroxy-megastigmane-3-one (3), four compounds namely 2, 3, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-heptadecanoate (4), and Ferulic acid (5) isolated from T. acuminata were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (six species), Gramnegative bacteria (12 species) and three Candida species. The micro-dilution method for the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and the Minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) was used. The MIC values obtained with the crude extracts varied from 78 to 156 à ¼g/ ml against 12 (57.14%) and 20 (95.24%) of the 21 tested microorganisms respectively for T. acuminata and T. africana. Apart from compound 2 that prevented the growth of all the tested microorganisms, other bioactive compounds showed selective activity. The obtained results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of these crude extracts as well as some of the isolated compounds in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/245 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Kuete, V.; Metuno, R.; Ngameni, B.; Tsafack, A.M.; Ngandeu, F.; Fotso, G.W.; Bezabih, M.; Etoa, F.; Ngadjui, B.T.; Abegaz, B.M.; Penlap, B.V. (Elsevier Ireland Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The crude extract from Treculia obovoidea was subjected to purification by repeated chromatography. Eight compounds were isolated from Treculia obovoidea and identified as Psoralen (1), Bergapten (2), 7-methoxycoumarin (3), 7-hydroxycoumarin (4), 4,2 ,4 -trihydroxychalcone (5), 4,2 ,4 -trihydroxy-3-prenylchalcone (6), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (7) and O-[3-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-2H-furan-5-yl) butyl] bergaptol (8). These compounds together with the extract were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (six species), Gram-negative bacteria (12 species) and three Candida species using micro-dilution methods for the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC). The MIC values obtained with the crude extracts varied from 78.12 to 156.25 g/ml against 17 (80.95%) of the 21 tested microorganisms. All the isolated compounds showed selective activity. The antimicrobial activity of this plant as well as that of compounds 6 and 8 is being reported for the first time. The obtained results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of these crude extract as well as some of the isolated compounds in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/288 Files in this item: 1
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Erasto, P.; Bojase-Moleta, G.; Majinda, R.T. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Three new flavonoids-5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-[1-hydroxy-2-methylbuten-2-yl]isoflavone (isogancaonin C), 7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflav- 3-ene (bolusanthin III), 6,6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran (bolusanthin IV), in addition to eight known flavonoids; derrone, medicarpan, genistein, wighteone, lupiwighteone, gancaonin C, 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone and 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'- methoxyisoflavone were isolated from the root wood of Bolusanthus speciosus.The compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida mycoderma.The isolated compounds also showed moderate to strong radical scavenging properties against DPPH radical with the highest activities shown by the 2-arylbenzofuran, the isoflav-3-ene and 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone in decreasing order. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/299 Files in this item: 1
Antimicrobial and antioxidant.pdf (3.228Mb) -
Chacha, M.; Bojase-Moleta, G.; Majinda, R.R.T. (Elsevier Ltd; http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/273/description, November 20, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: From the stem wood of Erythrina latissima, two isoflavones and a flavanone were isolated and characterized as 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-(y,y-dimethylallyl)isoflavone (erylatissin A), 7,3'-dihydroxy-6".6"-dimethyl-4".5"-dehydropyrano [2",3":4'.5']isoflavone (erylatissin B), (-)-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-5'-(y,y-dimethylallyl)flavanone (erylatissin C), respectively, in addition to 10 known flavonoids. Structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. These compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida mycoderma. The isolated compounds also exhibited weak radical scavenging properties towards DPPH radical. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/216 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Omisore, N.; Adewunmi, C.; Iwalewa, E.; Ngadjui, B.; Watchueng, J.; Abegaz, B.; Ojewole, J. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The present studywas undertaken to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf and twig extracts of Dorstenia barteri (Moraceae) in mice. Both the leaf and twig extracts of Dorstenia barteri at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg showed significant (P < 0.05-0.01) antinociceptive activities in chemical-, mechanical- and thermal-induced pain test models. Intraperitoneal administration of the plant extracts at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) inhibited carrageenin-induced acute inflammation in oedema paw weight, pulmonary oedema and number of pleural leucocytes in a dose-dependent way. The twig extract was found to be more active than the leaf extract in all the experimental models used. The inhibitory effects of the plant extracts were comparable to those of the reference drugs acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) at 100 mg/kg i.p. The significant reduction in acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions, the decrease in oedema paw weight as well as in the number of leucocytes in the pleural cavity exudates, and the significant increase in the reaction time and pain threshold of mice observed in this study suggest that Dorstenia barteri extracts possess both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The present study, therefore, lend pharmacological support to the folkloric uses of Dorstenia barteri extracts in the treatment, control and/or management of arthritis, rheumatism, gout, headache and other forms of body pains in some parts of Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/256 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Antioxidant activity of prenylated flavonoids from the West African medicinal plant Dorstenia manniiDufall, K.; Ngadjui, B.; Simeon, K.; Abegaz, B.; Croft, K. (Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The antioxidant activities of three prenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia mannii (6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, dorsmanin C and dorsmanin F) were compared to the common, non-prenylated flavonoid, quercetin. The prenylated flavonoids were found to be potent scavengers of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and are more potent than butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a common antioxidant used as a food additive. The prenylated flavonoids also inhibited Cu2+-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Dose-response studies indicated that the prenylated flavonoids were effective inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation with IC50 values <1 M and had similar inhibitory potency compared to quercetin, but was not directly related to Cu binding. Unlike quercetin, they did not show any pro-oxidant activity at high doses in the Cu2+-mediated lipoprotein oxidation system. The medicinal action of Dorstenia mannii may be related to the high concentration of potent antioxidant prenylated flavonoids in this species. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/261 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Miles, K.; Clutterbuck, D.J.; Seitio, O.; Sebego, M.; Riley, A. (Bulletin of the World Health Organization. http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0042-9686, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Problem As programmes to deliver antiretroviral therapy (ART) are implemented in resource-constrained settings, the problem becomes not how these programmes are going to be financed but who will be responsible for delivering and sustaining them. Approach Physician-led models of HIV treatment and care that have evolved in industrialized countries are not replicable in settings with a high prevalence of HIV infection and limited access to medical staff. Therefore, models of care need to make better use of available human resources. Local setting Using Botswana as an example, we discuss how nurses are underutilized in long-term clinical management of patients requiring ART. Relevant changes We argue that for ART-delivery programmes to be sustainable, nurses will need to provide a level of clinical care for patients receiving this therapy, including prescribing ART and managing common adverse effects. Lessons learned Practicalities involved in scaling up nurse-led models of ART delivery include overcoming political and professional barriers, identifying educational requirements, agreeing on the limitations of nursing practice, developing clear referral pathways between medical and nursing personnel, and developing mechanisms to monitor and supervise practice. Operational research is required to demonstrate that such models are safe, effective and sustainable. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/559 Files in this item: 1
Antiretroviral treatment roll out.pdf (1.402Mb)