Browsing Faculty of Business by Title
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Temtime, Z.T. (Journal of Management Development; Emerald Group Publishing Ltd; www.emeraldinsight.com/0262-1711.htm, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between scanning and planning, planning and TQM practices, and scanning and TQM practices by collecting primary data from 54 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through questionnaire in the Republic of Botswana. Being explanatory in nature, the study used only descriptive statistics to analyze the data and indicate the nature and direction of the relationship. The study found a statistically significant relationship between scanning and planning; and between planning and TQM practices. However, scanning is indirectly related to TQM and has a moderating impact on TQM practices. Important implications of the findings for practitioners, future research and SME support agencies are also provided. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/48 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_environmental_scanning.pdf (2.214Mb) -
Pansiri, J.; Temtime, Z.T. (Emerald Group Publications, www.wileyinterscience.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper aims to examine perceived critical success factors (SCFs) affecting the performance of small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and their relationships with firm characteristics. The paper also seeks to investigate the interdependence relationship among the perceived CFSs themselves using correlation coefficients. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/801 Files in this item: 1
Pansiri_JSBED_2010.pdf (1.714Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T.; Pansiri, J. (Business Perspectives; Sumy State University (Ukraine); http://www.businessperspectives.sumy.ua/, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Although the discovery of diamond has propelled Botswana from one of the poorest countries in 1966 to its current stage of development as a middle-income country, the country still faces the problems of economic diversification, employment creation, income generation and distribution, and poverty alleviation. Government and non-governmental organizations have put many efforts on the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to diversity the economy away from mining, to create jobs and alleviate poverty. However, the pace of development of SMEs, after 30 years, is very slow and discouraging. The SMEs failure rate, caused by a plethora of internal and external factors, is now estimated to be over 80%. There is a general consensus among policy makers, politicians, and researchers in Botswana that this trend should not be allowed to continue indefinitely. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived critical management factors (PCMFs) affecting the development of SMEs by collecting primary date from 203 SMEs in 3 cities in the Republic of Botswana by means of questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to present the demographic distribution of the sample firms, the identification, ranking and association of PCMFs. The findings showed that five PCMFs (human resources development; organizational development; managerial background; managerial leadership and competitive strategy) affect the performance of SMEs. The PCMFs are strongly related among themselves, indicating the need for a holistic and systematic approach in addressing them. Important relationships were also found between the PCMFs and firm-specific demographic variables such as ownership status, experience and operating period. Recommendations and implication of the findings for future research, policy makers, practitioners in SMEs, and SMEs support agencies and groups were also forwarded. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/188 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_PPM_2005.pdf (2.663Mb) -
Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, January NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Empowerment is a concept which is widely used in management and many managers and professionals in various claim to be practicing it. Nowadays empowerment has occupied a central point in many organisations of the 21st century. Employee empowerment is said to have benefited many organisations, if managed and nurtured properly especially in enhancing employee commitment and reducing employee turnover. In this era of globalisation there is need for employee empowerment in order to enable organisations to respond quickly to any changes in the macro-environments. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to find out what should be done in organisations to enhance employee empowerment and reduce employee turnover. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/814 Files in this item: 1
Ongorri_AJBM_2009.pdf (1.002Mb) -
Ongori, H.; Shunda, J.P.W. (Asian Network for Scientific Information, http://www.ansinet.org, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to find out the strategies for success of employee empowerment in organisation to reduce employee turnover. In addition, the study focusses on the benefits and criticism of employee empowerment in organisations. Nowadays, empowerment has occupied a central point in many organisations in the 21st century. In this era of globalization, there is need for employees empowerment in order to enable the organisation to respond quickly to any changes in macro-environment. The methodology adopted in this study is quantitative approach, whereby a convenience sample of one hundred employees was selected for the study. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. This study will contribute greatly to existing literature specifically in inspiring managers to develop appropriate strategies to nurture employee empowerment in organisations. The outcome from the findings shows that employee empowerment is essential to assist organisations to respond quickly to any environmental changes and to reduce employee turnover. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/839 Files in this item: 1
Ongori, Shunda_IJAEF2_2008.pdf (786.4Kb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Emerald; http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0954-478x.htm, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) research has concentrated on large firms. Little has been done on the TQM practices of small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in developing countries. This paper investigates the relationship between TQM, planning behaviour and firm size by reviewing existing literature and collection of primary data from 54 SMEs in the Republic of Botswana. The findings indicated that the majority of SMEs understand the importance of both TQM and planning activities for their survival and growth. However, their approach to both is unsystematic, non-formal and short-term orientated. Both firm size and planning behaviour are found to have statistically significant relationships with TQM practices. As firm size increases from small to medium, and as SMEs move from operational to strategic planning, they attach greater degree of importance to TQM practices. However, the planning behaviour of SMEs is more strongly related to TQM practices as a prerequisite to the adoption of formalised TQM practices. Some implications for SMEs are also forwarded. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/193 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_TQM_2003.pdf (2.598Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business; Inderscience Enterprises Ltd; http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalCODE=ijgsb, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The process of gathering and interpreting pertinent information from the environment and introducing the results into the business planning process is referred to as environmental scanning. This paper investigates the practices and perceptions of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in monitoring environmental complexities and changes through the use of different scanning sources and frequency. Data were collected from 44 SMEs in Botswana through questionnaire and analysed using simple descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that SMEs in Botswana do monitor their environment and use all the major scanning sources with different degrees of frequency. Though more importance is attached to the customer/market, competition and economic sectors, owner-managers in Botswana tend to rely more on impersonal (written) and internal sources as opposed to personal (informal) and external sources to analyse an increasingly uncertain sector. This is in contrast to previous findings, since information from these sources is less reliable for analysing unstable, turbulent and hard-to-measure sectors than personal and external sources. The use of inappropriate scanning sources could be partially attributed to the fact that most SMEs in Botswana do not have an integrated management information system designed to capture, store and analyse environmental data for use in strategic decision-making processes. Further implications for SMEs and future research are highlighted. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/49 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_ijgsb_2006.pdf (157.1Kb) -
Iyanda, O.; Ojo, O.S. (Emarald Group Publishing Limited, www.emeraldinsight.com/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivation, and perceived effect of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption in Botswana organisations. While a conceptual model of the adoption process in developed countries has been studied, not much empirical studies have been undertaken.This paper is an attempt to bridge the gap. Specifically, the paper addresses five questions; What motivated organisations in Botswana in their decesion to adopt ICT in their operations? What factors, internal and external, influenced the adoption decision? Which sources did the organisations contact for information on the adoption of ICT? What is the relative importance of those influences/motivating factors and information sources? What are the perceived effects of adoption?Design/methodology/ approach-The study was carried out using a survey method. The main intrument is a personally administered questionnaire that was based on items obtained and adopted from literature. Data were collected from a judgement sample of 29 business and public sector establishment, drawn from nine towns and cities of Botswana. The respondent in each organization was either the IT manager or the chief executive. The initial stage of the adoption process is examined by identifying in the sample Botswana organizations, the internal and external proponents of the ICT doption process, the sources from which organizations seek technical information, their perceived relative importance in the process and the effect of adoption on orgaizations activities. Findings - The study found that ICT application in Botswana was still at an elementary stage, mainly communications and recordkeepings. In terms of motivation and influence, the competitive motive and internal sources of information and influence were dominant and that the overall effect of ICT adoption on several organizational activities was moderately positive Originality/value - The identification of the key sources of influence and information for the adoption of ICT helps ICT marketing companies to target their marketing efforts more specifically, and services offered limited to basic needes that are relevant to use which ICT is currently applied in Botswana. Widespread adoption of ICT has turned it into a kind of 'hygiene' factor rather than a 'motivator'. In spite of the positive effect adoption has on various activities of aadopting organisations, adoption benefits arre matched by similar benefits of competing organisations, thus conferring no competitive advantages. It is only in the absence of adoption that those organisations adopting enjoy such competitive advantage. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/787 Files in this item: 1
motivation influences.pdf (2.479Mb) -
Marobela, M. (Emerald Group Publications, www.emeraldinsight.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Capitalist transformation of the public sector is global phenomenon that affects many countries. This paper seeks to examine recent public sector reforms introduced by the Government of Botswana to improve civil service performance. The underlying political philosophy behind the change in the public sector is explored by relating neoliberal ideology which is driving the reform agenda to the discourse of new public management (NPM) URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/858 Files in this item: 1
marobela_IJSE35_2006.pdf (1.480Mb) -
Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, www.academicjournals.org, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the causes, types, effects and strategies on how to manage conflicts in organisations effectively to enhance organisational performance. Therefore, it is prime responsibility of management to put in place appropriate strategies on how to minimize conflicts. This research contributes to the body of existing literature, specifically it will inspire managers to develop appropriate strategies on how to manage conflicts in their organisations effectively. The convenience sample of one hundred and thirty managers was selected for the study from government departments, parastatals, and private companies. The tabular method was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the major cause of organisational conflict is limited resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1084 Files in this item: 1
Ongori_RJBM_2009.pdf (532.4Kb) -
Ongori, H.; Agolla, J.E. (Academic Journals,http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, http://www.academicjournals, June NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: In this era of globalisation career plateau in organisations needs to be managed effectively to minimize employee's intention to quit. Many employees find themselves in jobs that offer them limited mobility opportunities in terms of upward movement in the organisation. There are many drivers which lead to career plateau in organisations particularly organisational re-structuring. Career plateau affects both the management and the employees. Career plateau is considered as one of the contributing factors in employee's intention to quit in many organisations. Management and human resource professionals are in dilemma on the best interventions to put in place to manage career plateau effectively in order to enhance organisation competitiveness. This paper tries to investigate the drivers and effects of career plateau in organisation and recommends best strategies to manage career plateau in organisations.The methodology adopted in this study is critical review of the existing literature online and print. The major finding of this study is that career plateau is a major contributing factor to employee turnover in organisations. The contribution of this paper is that it will prvoke scholarly debate on management and other stakeholders to develop the best strategies to manage career plateau in organisation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/799 Files in this item: 1
Ongori_AJBM_2009.pdf (601.5Kb) -
Makgosa, R.; Mohube, K. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: There are some people that an individual keeps in mind when making a purchase. Usually, such people disseminate opinions and other individuals are pressured into following their trend, becoming associated with them and using them as a standard of their purchase decisions. Such people are known as reference groups and they include entertainment figures, sports heroes, political leaders, parents, co-workers, teachers and peers. This paper seeks to contribute to the existing body of the literature on reference group influence. Specifically, it focuses on peer influence among young adults’ products purchase decisions. A convenience sample of 101 university students participated in this study. The results of Analysis of Variance and t-tests indicated that there is more normative influence for a public luxury (sunglasses) than for a private luxury (cell phone) and private necessity (toothpaste). Informational influence was also more for a public luxury than a private necessity. Additionally, a public necessity (shoes) had more normative influence than a private luxury and private necessity as well as a high informational influence than private necessity. Overall, these results demonstrated that the influence of peers varies across various product categories. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1086 Files in this item: 1
Makgosa_AJBM_2007.pdf (1.038Mb) -
Temtime, ZT; Pansiri, J (Development and Learning in Organisations; Emerald Group Publishing Ltd; www.emeraldinsight.com/reprints, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Although the discovery of mineral wealth (i.e. diamond) has propelled Botswana into the middle-income category, the country still faces the problem of economic diversification, employment creation, income distribution and poverty alleviation. The main strategy employed by the government to diversify the economy and create employment has been the promotion of the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). There is a general consensus that Botswana should not continue putting all its ‘‘eggs in one basket’’. The most common argument in favor of SMEs is that they are sustainable forms of diversifying the economy away from mining; they create substantial job opportunities; and they help narrow the gap between urban and rural development, and alleviate poverty. SMEs employ more people per unit of investment as compared to large firms. The prevalence of low-skill and unskilled labor force in the economy coupled with the tendency of the government to reduce its role as primary employer made the promotion of SMEs a primary source of employment creation, income generation and poverty alleviation. The objective of the study was to investigate how managerial problems are affecting the performance and development of SMEs, and analyze the relationship between these factors and firm specific demographical variables, and the association among the problems themselves. Data were collected from through questionnaire from 250 SMEs. The majority of the sample firms were small in size (70 percent), owned by males (78 percent) and concentrated in the non-manufacturing sectors (merchandising and service) (90 percent) of the economy. Respondents were asked to rate the impact of 34 managerial items on the performance of SMEs on a five-point scale ranging from 5 (very high) to 1 (very low). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/47 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Marobela, M.N.; Mawere, S.P. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, July 4, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper explores the implementation of public sector performance reforms in Botswana magistrate courts to improve service delivery. The authors argue that it is imperative for management to consider the possibility of the unintended outcomes in public sector reforms something that is normally ignored when introducing change. Critical realist philosophy has been adopted as a guiding paradigm for this study. The main contention is that the social world exists independently of the researcher. In this study realist philosophy was used together with the case study methodology to give context. In the courts performance management was supposed to help improve service delivery by reducing court congestion, legal costs, and delays. However, the findings suggest that this has not been the case because of gaming and manipulation of performance measures. A principal constraint in writing this paper was the absence of relevant literature in Botswana. Data was sourced from one organisation used as a case study. Problems like the backlogs of cases and delays affect both the fairness and efficiency of the judicial system. Efficiency has to take account of other factors. Developing performance management systems that incorporate measurement and evaluation in the public sector continues to be a key challenge. Both the positive and negative effects of PMS must be embraced. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1083 Files in this item: 1
Marobela and Mawere_AJBM_2011.pdf (1.154Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T.; Pansiri, J. (Botswana Institute of Administration and Commerce (BIAC), May NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Although the discovery of diamond has propelled Botswana from one of the poorest countries in 1966 to a middle-income developing nation, the country still faces the problems of economic diversification, employment creation, income generation and poverty alleviation. The main strategy to achieve these goals has been the promotion of entrepreneurship and small business development. In spite of the concerted efforts made to promote the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), the small business failure is increasing at an alarming rate. This paper investigates the perceived impacts of marketing and finance on the development of SMEs in Botswana. 39 marketing and finance related problems were identified, largely from the small business literature, and the respondents were asked to rate the impact of these problems using a five-point scale. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation produced four critical factors (ie marketing actions, customer relationship, investment analysis and working capital management). These factors were also found to have a statistically significant relationship with firm specific demographic variables showing the need for comprehensive and flexible small business assistance programmes. The implications of the findings for policy makers, practitioners and researchers are also presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/191 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_BIAC_2006.pdf (3.029Mb) -
Tesfayohannes, M.; Temtime, Z.T. (Science Publications / ANSI Journals; http://www.ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=jas, March NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Large-scale industrialisation policies and programs have proved themselves impractical to developing economies due largely to resource constraints. Small and Medium Industries (SMIs) play an important role in the transformation of developing economies. The globalisation of competition and the world economy have direct relation with the ever increasing rate of technological changes, which in turn affect the competitive position of SMIs. Investment in technology is becoming an important weapon not only to achieve competitive advantage and profitability but also to survive in this turbulent and dog-eat-dog global market. As developing countries lack the necessary resources, expertise, skills and infrastructure, it is unthinkable for them to come up with new ways of producing goods or providing services. It is therefore wise and advisable to adopt the appropriate technology and management know-how that has been innovated and tested in the developed world. The purpose of this paper is to throw some light o n the prospects and problems of technology transfer in developing economies with a special reference to Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/185 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_pjas_Mar2002pdf.pdf (1.091Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T.; Shunda, J.P.W. (Science Publications / ANSI Journals; http://www.ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=itj, June NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The relationship between the degree of information technology usage, company size and its strategic planning practices has critical implications for sustainability of firm competitiveness. However the relationship has been conceptualised and operationalised in relation to only large firms. Only a few studies have attempted to examine the nature of this relationship in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies. This article examines three things: (1) the perception of SMEs about the role of IT in firm competitiveness, (2) the planning behaviour and practices of SMEs, and (3) the relationship between SMEs IT usage and planning behaviour. Data were collected from 44 SMEs in the Republic of Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/198 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_PJIT_2002.pdf (2.582Mb) -
Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, www.academicjournals.org, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The study tries to find out the driving forces for ICTs adoption, benefits, ICTs tools and barriers to ICTs adoption by SMEs.The methodology adopted for the study was a survey method whereby a conveneince random sampling of 150 managers/owners of SMEs were selected for study in Gaborone, Botswana. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics. The findings of the study indicated that, SMEs have not fully adopted ICTs in their business process because of internal and external challenges. This study will make pertinent contribution to the existing literature and inspire managers to come up with appropriate strategies on how to adopt ICTs in their business process in order to be competitive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/845 Files in this item: 1
Ongorri_RJIT_2009.pdf (490.8Kb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Science Publications; ANSI Publications http://ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=jas, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Although strategic planning and information technology are key concepts in management research, they have been widely used in relation to only large firms. Only few studies attempted to examine the perceptions of small and medium enterprises (hereafter, SMEs) about the role of IT in strategy making. Moreover, these studies are of less significance for developing countries as the definition and environment of SMEs vary from developed to developing country. This article analyses the strategic use of microcomputers and software packages in corporate planning and decision-making in small and medium enterprises (hereafter, SMEs). Data were collected from 44 SMEs from 3 cities in the Republic of Botswana to study their perceptions about the use of computer-based technology to solve managerial problems, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that SMEs in Botswana engaged in both strategic and operational planning activities. However, microcomputers and software packages were used primarily for operational and administrative tasks rather than for strategic planning. They perceive that strategic planning is costly, timeconsuming, and hence appropriate for only large firms. The study also showed that firm size and strategic orientation have direct and positive relation to the use of computer technology for strategic decision making. The major implication of the findings for future research has been identified and presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/199 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_PJAS_2001.pdf (1.835Mb) -
Iwisi, D.S.; Kitindi, E.G.; Basson, N. (Emerald Group Publications, www.emeraldinsight.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Auditing lends credibility to financial statements of enterprises. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has committed itself to the promotion of small businesses in member countries. This implies that auditors will become more involved with small businesses as a result of their expected growth and expansion. However, small businesses are said to have characteristics that cause difficulties to their auditors. This study investigates the characteristics of small businesses in three SADC countries, problems auditors of small businesses in those countries face, frequency of occurrence of those problems, and their impact on auditing. The findings suggest that characteristics of small businesses in the selected SADC countries are similar to those of small businesses in other countries. Many of twenty-three problems suggested to auditors rarely occured, or occurred only occassionally. However, some problems are considered to have an important effect on auditing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1060 Files in this item: 1
IWISI_ARA_2002.pdf (1.365Mb)