Browsing Research articles (Dept of Physics) by Subject "Botswana"
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Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Prakash, J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/renene, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Republic of Botswana is one of the sunniest countries in Southern Africa. It has very little cloud cover, insufficient rainfall, very low humidity, and very low wind speed throughout the year for most parts of the country. The daily extremum temperatures appear to be very much related to solar irradiation which in turn depends on sunshine duration. In Botswana, solar irradiation on a horizontal surface is measured only at Sebele, but sunshine duration and extremum temperatures are measured at several locations throughout the country. This paper presents bivariate models that relate solar irradiation to sunshine duration, and solar irradiation to extremum temperatures for Sebele, Botswana. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that the solar irradiation series is stationary for d=2 and D=0, sunshine duration series is stationary for d=0 and D=0, while the extremum temperatures series are stationary for either d=0 and D=N where N=1, 2, . . . or d=1 and D=1. It is found that there is a lag of three months between the peaks of the differenced series of fractional sunshine duration and fractional solar irradiation. On the other hand it is found that there is at most a lag of one month between the peaks of the differenced series of maximum temperature and solar irradiation, and that there is no lag between the peaks of the differenced series of minimum temperature and solar irradiation. Analysis of the noise component revealed that the bivariate processes under consideration behaved either as a purely seasonal MA processes of order (0,1,1) or as ARIMA processes of order (0, 1, 1)x (0, 1, 1)12 or as a purely nonseasonal, autoregressive process of order 2. We claim that the relationships found for Sebele can be applied to estimate solar irradiation at other locations with climatic conditions similar to Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/177 Files in this item: 2
jain_RE_2003.pdf (1.288Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Nijegorodov, N.; Luhanga, P.V.C.; King, J.G. (Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) Asian Institute of Technology. http://www.rericjournal.ait.ac.th/index.php/reric/index, December NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Please refer to the attached article for the ABSTRACT. Due to technical problems with some scientific formulae it was not possible to upload the abstract HERE. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/408 Files in this item: 1
Nijegorodov_IEJ_2005.pdf (2.539Mb) -
King, J.G.; Garegae, M.; Ngwisanyi, T.H.; Ranganai, R. (Botswana Geoscientists Association, December NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Fault-plane solutions of an earthquake can provide information about the type of fault. We report on the calculation of the fault-plane solutions of the earthquake that occurred on the morning of 18 May 2001 and was felt in the southern parts of Botswana and the North West Province of South Africa. The fact that there were few seismic stations in the vicinity of these areas meant that standard programs such as FOCMEC would produce a large number of possible fault-plane solutions. In this study a semi-manual method of determining fault-plane solution was utilized to obtain the most likely solution from a SEISAN program. The results obtained from these two methods shows that the focal mechanism for this earthquake was normal faulting. The two methods used compliment each other. Other information obtained includes epicenter at coordinates (longitude 26.0E, latitude 25.6S), magnitude of about 4.6 ML and origin time of 9:14.10.52 UTC. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/337 Files in this item: 1
King_BJES_2005.pdf (143.0Kb) -
Murty, V.R.K.; Karunakara, N. (Elsevier, www.elsevier.com/locate/radmeas, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Studies on concentrations of primordial radionuclides in soil samples of Botswana were carried out. Measurements were made by gamma spectrometry employing a 41% relative efficiency HPGe detector. The activity of 226Ra was found to vary in the range 6.1–97.4 Bq kg 1 with a mean value of 34.8 Bq kg 1, 232Th in 7.4–110.0 Bq kg 1 with a mean value of 41.8 Bq kg 1 and that of 40K between 33.5 and 1085.7 Bq kg 1 with a mean value of 432.7 Bq kg 1 in surface soils. Existence of strong correlations in the distributions of these radionuclides indicates that an individual result for any one of the radionuclide is a good predictor of the concentration of the other. The mean value of effective dose, due to the 238U series, 232Th series and 40K in soil, was 0.07 mSV. The results of the present study are compared with the literature values reported for other normal background regions of the world and discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/493 Files in this item: 1
Murty2008SoilSamples.pdf (782.0Kb) -
Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Mogotsi, B. (Elsevier Science Ltd. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09601481, January NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Lack of trained manpower for repair and maintenance of solar energy devices in Botswana has resulted in failure of devices, loss of revenue, and dwindling of consumer faith in solar technologies. The government of Botswana commissioned a study to assess the needs for trained manpower in New and Renewable Sources of Energy (NRSE) technologies, to identify the required training programs and their levels, and the facilities that need to be upgraded and/or created for the implementation of such training programs at the existing technical and educational institutions within the country. The paper presents the findings of the study, and the recommendations made. The study proposed seven training programs at progressively increasing skills and expertise levels that include two certificate courses in each of the solar water heating and photovoltaic technologies for maintenance personnel, a national craft certificate program in solar energy technologies, a higher diploma in energy technologies for supervisory personnel, and a short course for upper management personnel in decision-making positions in order to raise their skills in the procurement of equipment and services, and to provide overall effective leadership. A short course to upgrade the skills of the present maintenance personnel to alleviate the immediate problems is also proposed. Required upgrading of existing technical training facilities, the creation of new facilities and estimated budgetary requirements constitute some of the recommendations. The recommendations have gone through various channels of discussions, and have been accepted in principle. The report is currently under consideration for implementation by relevant government departments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/137 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)
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