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Progress in the chemistry of marketed traditionally used plants of Ethiopia

Abegaz, B.M. (Chemical Society of Ethiopia. http://www.aau.edu.et/faculties/sc/CSE/home.html, NaN, 1996)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/345

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progress in the chemistry of.pdf (922.3Kb)

Quality and Compositional Studies of Some Edible Leguminosae Seed Oils in Botswana

Ketshajwang, K.K.; Holmback, J.; Yeboah, S.O. (AOCS Press. http://www.springerlink.com/content/120382/, NaN, 1998)

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Abstract:

Seed oils were extracted with n-hexane from three edible Leguminosae seeds: Tylosema esculentum, Xanthocercis zambesiaca, and Bauhinia petersiana, giving yields of 48.2, 17.6, and 20.8% (w/w), respectively. Some physical and chemical parameters were determined to ascertain the general characteristics of the oils. The saponification and iodine values indicated that all three oil samples could be classified among the olive group of oils. This inference was supported by the results of the detailed fatty acid composition of the oils as determined by capillary gas chromatography. The ratio of total unsaturated to total saturated fatty acids in all three oil samples was approximately 70:30, with either oleic or linoleic acid being the dominant fatty acid. These results were in agreement with a proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the fatty acid classes in the seed oils. Thus, the analysis served to justify the use of the three Leguminosae seed oils in food preparations. The work has further indicated that, with their attractive properties, the seed oils from T. esculentum, X. zambesiaca, and B. petersiana are good candidates for further studies to evaluate their future commercial prospects in the Southern African region.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/304

Files in this item: 1

quality and compositional.pdf (1.683Mb)

General Properties and the Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil from the Mophane Caterpillar, Imbrasia belina

Motshegwe, S.M.; Holmback, J.; Yeboah, S.O. (AOCS Press. http://www.springerlink.com/content/0003-021X, NaN, 1998)

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A preliminary investigation of the bulk properties of the oil from the edible mophane caterpillar (phane), Imbrasia belina, showed a significant difference in the iodine values of the oils from mature and young phane. Detailed analysis of the fatty acid composition of the two oil samples was thus carried out by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and complemented with 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies to investigate the degree of unstauration in the two oil samples. While these studies showed that the oil samples from the mature and young mophane caterpillar were much the same in fatty acid composition, the data revealed a significant divergence from a literature report on phane oil. This earlier report puts the ratio of total saturated to total unsaturated fatty acids at approximately 1:1 (48.2:48.8, in percentages) and estimates the fatty acid composition for the major fatty acids as 16:0 (31.9%), 18:0 (15.2%), 18:1 (20.4%), 18:2 (9.9%), and 18:3 (19%). The data collected from the present work, however, showed the fatty acid composition for total saturated and total unsaturated fatty acids to be 40.5 and 57.0%, respectively. This work estimated the fatty acid composition for the major fatty acids as 16:0 (27.2%), 18:0 (12.3%), 18:1 (16.1%), 18.2 (10.7%), and 18:3 (29.0%). Thus, linolenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the phane oil. The GC results of the present analysis were largely corroborated by studies of the composition of fatty acid classes in the phane oil estimated from integrals of 1H and 13C NMR signals. Oils from other edible Lepidoptera larvae are also known to be much richer in unsaturated than saturated fatty acids.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/307

Files in this item: 1

General properties.pdf (1.906Mb)

Novel natural products from marketed plants of eastern and southern Africa

Abegaz, B.M.; Ngadjui, B.T.; Bezabih, M.; Mdee, L.K. (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/, NaN, 1999)

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Abstract:

Marketed plants are an important but a vulnerable group of plants whose investigations as well as conservation should be considered with priority. The chemistry, and in some cases biological activities of novel iso¯avonoids, nor-lignans, anthracene and naphthalene derivatives and poly prenylated ¯avonoids isolated and characterized from Hagenia abyssinica, Salsola somalensis, Hypoxis spp., Taverniera abyssinica, Aloe spp., Bulbine capitata, Rhamnus prinoides and Dorstenia spp. are discussed.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/289

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Novel natural products.pdf (4.533Mb)

Electrospray Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry of the Leaf Extract of Rhamnus prinoides

Nindi, M.M.; Kgarebe, B.V.; Wolfender, J.L.; Abegaz, B.M. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., NaN, 1999)

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Three naphthalenic derivatives, four flavonoids and two of the four anthraquinones previously isolated from the leaves of Rhamnus prinoides were successfully ionised under electrospray ionisation conditions. These compounds were subsequently detected in the leaf extract of the plant using electrospray liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS). The potential of LC–ESI–MS for screening a leaf extract, with the focus on the suitability of the method for assaying the bitter principle, geshoidin, of this commercially important plant, is presented.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/290

Files in this item: 1

Electrospray Liquid.pdf (1.464Mb)

A bichalcone from the twigs of Rhus pyroides

Masesane, I.B.; Yeboah, S.O.; Liebscher, J.; Mugge, C.; Abegaz, B.M. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2000)

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Abstract:	The twigs of Rhus pyroides yielded a novel bichalcone 2',40,21-trihydroxy-4',41-dimethoxy-4-O-51-bichalcone. It was identified on the basis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The name rhuschalcone-1 is proposed.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1028

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Masesane_P_2000.pdf (321.5Kb)

The phase separation behaviour and the viscoelastic properties of particles with non-adsorbing polymers: Part I - Experimental study

Goodwin, J.W.; Hughes, R.W.; Kwaambwa, H.M.; Reynolds, P.A. (Elseview Science B.V. www.elsevier.nl/locate/colsurfa, NaN, 2000)

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Abstract:

A series of well characterised cis-polyisoprene polymers have been added to dispersions of PHS coated PMMA particles in dodecane. At a molecular weight of 8000 g mol−1 and above, these systems showed phase separation at low particle volume fractions and above a critical polymer concentration. The rate of separation has been shown to be influenced by the viscosity of the polymer. At high polymer and particle volume fractions long lived metastable phases occurred. Above a critical concentration these were viscoelastic indicating an appreciable change in diffusion dynamics with two relaxation processes present. A significant Bingham yield stress was also observed. The Asakura Oosawa potential was not able to describe the observed rheological properties. At a molecular weight of 1000 g mol−1 no phase separation was observed. At high particle concentrations the yield stress was found to reduce with the addition of polymer. This was due to the polymer acting as a ‘solvent’ and penetrating the stabilising layer on the particles.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/329

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Phase separation behaviour.pdf (2.723Mb)

Recent results from natural product research at the University of Botswana

Majinda, R.R.T; Abegaz, B.M.; Bezabih, M.; Ngadjui, B.T; Wanjala, C.C.W.; Mdee, L.K.; Bojase, G.; Silayo, A.; Masesane, I.; Yeboah, S.O. (IUPAC. http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/, NaN, 2001)

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Abstract:

Marketed plants are very important items of trade in many parts of the world. The community uses these for a variety of purposes such as foods, cosmetics, flavors, spices, and medicines. It seems that plants that are used for medicinal purposes form the most common category. Four plants used for treatment of microbial infections, viz., Bolusanthus speciosus, Erythrina latissima, Crotalaria podocarpa, and Elephantorrhiza goetzei, were investigated, and these yielded several known and novel structures, some with appreciable antibiotic activity against the test organisms. The activity of some of the isolated plants and the parts of the plant from which these were obtained lend support to their traditional use. Bulbine abyssinica and B. capitata yielded phenylanthraquinones, some of which were shown to possess strong antiplasmodial activity. In addition, these yielded isofuranonaphthoquinones, which were also found to be weakly antiplasmodial and antioxidant. Scilla nervosa yielded several known and novel homoisoflavoinds of the 3-benzylchroman-4-ones and 3-benzylidinechroman- 4-one type, as well as some stilbenoids. The homoisoflavonoids showed strong antitumor activity against various cancer cell lines. Rhus pyroides gave a novel bichalcone, which showed weak antifeedant activity, consistent with the observation by farmers that the plant was avoided by corn cricket. Results from investigated Dorstenia species originating from Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Tanzania yielded styrenes, coumarins, chalcones, and flavonoids. The chalcones and flavonoids showed various levels of prenylation or geranylation, and an observation made so far is that prenylated flavonoids are only found in Dorstenia species of African origin. The only example of a bis-geranylated chalcone is found in Dorstenia.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/308

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Files in this item: 2

Homoisoflavonoi ... thones from the tubers.pdf (4.979Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Dinklagins A, B and C: three prenylated flavonoids and other constituents from the twigs of Dorstenia dinklagei

Ngadjui, B.; Dongo, E.; Abegaz, B.; Fotso, S.; Tamboue, H. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2002)

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Abstract:

Three prenylated flavonoids, dinklagins A, B and C identified, respectively, as ( )-6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-7-hydroxy-6000, 6000-dimethylchromeno-( 40,30,2000,3000)-flavanone, (+)-5,40,500x-trihydroxy-600,600-dimethylchromano-(7,6,200,300)-flavone and (+)6-(2x-hydroxy- 3-methyl-3-butenyl)-5,7,40-trihydroxyflavone were isolated from the twigs of Dorstenia dinklagei together with the known 6-prenylapigenin, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin, stipulin and 5,40-dihydroxy-600,600-dimethylchromano-(7,6,200,300)-flavone. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data and by comparison with data reported in the literature and with authentic specimens for known compounds.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/262

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Dinklagins A, B and C three prenylated.pdf (3.292Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Diterpenoids from the stem bark of Croton zambesicus

Ngadjui, B.T.; Abegaz, B.M.; Keumedjio, F.; Folefoc, G.N.; Kapchec, G.W.F. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2002)

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Abstract:

Three clerodane diterpenoids, crotozambefurans A, B and C were isolated from the stem bark of Croton zambesicus together with the known clerodane crotocorylifuran and two trachylobanes: 7b-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid and trachyloban-7b, 18-diol. Betulinol, lupeol, sitosterol and its 3b-glucopyranosyl derivative were also obtained. The structures of crotozambefurans A, B and C were determined, respectively, as: 15,16-epoxy-1,3,13(16),14-clerodatetraen-20,12-olide-18,19-dioic acid dimethylester, 15,16-epoxy- 1,3,13(16),14-clerodatetraen-18,19,20-trioic acid trimethylester and 15,16-epoxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatrien-19,1a:20,12-diolide-18-oic acid methylester, using spectroscopic analysis, especially, NMR spectra in conjunction with 2D experiments, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/251

Files in this item: 2

Diterpenoids from the stem bark.pdf (2.493Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Chalcones and other constituents of Dorstenia prorepens and Dorstenia zenkeri

Abegaz, B.M.; Ngadjui, B.T.; Dongo, E.; Ngameni, B.; Nindi, M.N.; Bezabih, M. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2002)

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Abstract:

The twigs of Dorstenia prorepens furnished the digeranylated chalcone, 5,30-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-3,4, 20,40-tetrahydroxychalcone while Dorstenia zenkeri yielded the 30,40-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyldihydropyrano)-4,20-dihydroxychalcone and a bichalcone. 4-Hydroxylonchocarpin was found in both plants. D. prorepens also yielded the known compounds: psoralen, bergapten, b-sitosterol and its D-glucopyranosyl derivative. D. zenkeri yielded p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, dorsmanin A, 4,20,40-trihydroxychalcone and 4,20,40-trihydroxy-30-prenylchalcone. Structures of the new compounds were established by UV, IR, MS and 2-D NMR analysis.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/254

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Chalcones and other constituents.pdf (3.760Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

The Free-Radical Copolymerization of Difurylmethane with Maleic anhydride

Ddamba, W.A.A.; Ngila, J.C.; Mokoena, T.T.; Motlhagodi, K. (South African Journal of Chemistry. <http://ejour.sabinet.co.za/images/ejour/chem/chem_v55_a1.pdf>., NaN, 2002)

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Abstract:

The copolymerization of difurylmethane with maleic anhydride in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator has been investigated at 65 °C, 72 °C and 85 °C in different solvents. Reaction feeds containing 85 mol % and higher of difurylmethane yielded a soluble alternating copolymer in which the furan residue entrained in the polymer chain formed 2,5 linkages and had 3,4 unsaturation. The 1:1 difurylmethane– maleic anhydride adduct was readily prepared, and at the above temperatures and in the presence of the radical initiator partially underwent retro-Diels–Alder reaction. Copolymerization of the difurylmethane and maleic anhydride thus formed yielded the unsaturated alternating copolymer. Copolymers prepared from reaction feeds with proportions of difurylmethane lower than 85 mol % had higher cross-link density and exhibited higher thermodecomposition temperatures.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/305

Files in this item: 1

Free radical.pdf (2.417Mb)

Gaboroquinones A and B and 4'-O-demethylknipholone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, phenylanthraquinones from the roots of Bulbine frutescens

Abegaz, B.M.; Bezabih, M.; Msuta, T.; Brun, R.; Menche, D.; Muhlbacher, J.; Bringmann, G. (American Chemical Society. http://pubs.acs.org/jnp/, NaN, 2002)

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Abstract:

The novel phenylanthraquinones 4'-O-demethylknipholone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and gaboroquinones A (3) and B (4) were isolated from the African medicinal plant Bulbine frutescens. Biaryl 2 represents the first phenylanthraquinone glucoside, while 3 and 4 are the first side-chain-hydroxylated phenylanthraquinones. Their constitutions were determined by spectroscopic analysis, in particular by HMBC, HMQC, and ROESY NMR investigations, and by chemical transformations. The axial configurations were elucidated chemically, by deglucosylation of 2 and by side-chain deoxygenation of 3 and 4 to give the known phenylanthraquinones 4'-O-demethylknipholone (5), isoknipholone (6), and knipholone (1), respectively, and chiroptically, by CD investigations. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed moderate to good antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities in vitro.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/346

Files in this item: 1

Gaboroquinones.pdf (407.3Kb)

Cyclic voltammetric studies of tris(alkylisocyanide)-bis(triarylphosphine)cobalt(II) and tris-(alkylisocyanide)bis(triarylphosphine)cobalt(I) complexes exhibiting synthetic interconvertability

Ahmad, J.; Bothata-Nareetsile, F.; Becker, C.A.L. (NRC Research Press, http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/loi/cjc, NaN, 2003)

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Abstract:	Nine pairs of corresponding [CoI(CNR)3(PR3 ′ )2]X, [CoII(CNR)3(PR3 ′ )2]X2 complexes — where X = ClO4, BF4; CNR = CNCMe3, CNCHMe2, CNC6H11, CNCH2Ph; PR3′ = PPh3, P(C6H4Me-p)3, P(C6H4OMe-p)3 — have been studied using cyclic voltammetry in CH3CN solutions. All cycles are reversible, and E1/2 for the Co(I) complexes, initially oxidized, are within experimental error identical to E1/2 values for the corresponding Co(II) complexes, initially reduced. E1/2 values are strongly dependent on the triarylphosphine ligand, decreasing in the order PPh3 > > P(C6H4Me-p)3 > P(C6H4OMe-p)3, and weakly dependent on the alkylisocyanide ligand, decreasing in the order CNCH2Ph > CNCMe3 > CNC6H11 ≥ CNCHMe2. Solution ν(-N C) IR patterns reveal that the [CoI(CNR)3(PR3′)2]X complexes do not have regular trigonal bipyramidal coordination, their structure being determined by the particular CNR ligand, while the [CoII(CNR)3(PR3′)2]X2 complexes, specifically in CF3CH2OH, appear to have regular trigonal bipyramidal coordination.
Description:	Signs on the abstract may be different to the original document
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1034

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Ahmad_CJC_2003.pdf (782.1Kb)

Phenylpropanoid glycosides of Gnidia polycephala

Munkombwe N.M. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2003)

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Abstract:	Two phenylpropanoid glucosides, 2-O-b-d-glucosyloxy-4-methoxybenzenepropanoic acid and its methyl ester, together with syringin and adicardin were isolated from the stem of Gnidia polycephala and characterized by physical and spectroscopic data.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/275

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Phenylpropanoid glycosides.pdf (2.288Mb)

Phenylpropanoid glycosides of Gnidia.pdf (155.6Kb)

Diprenylated chalcones and other constituents from the twigs of Dorstenia barteri var. subtriangularis

Ngameni, B.; Ngadjui, B.; Folefoc, G.; Watchueng, J.; Abegaz, B. (Elsevier Ltd; www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2003)

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Abstract:

The twigs of Dorstenia barteri var. subtriangularis yielded three diprenylated chalcones: ( )-3-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-50-(2-hydroxy-3- methylbut-3-enyl)-4,20,40-trihydroxychalcone, (+)-3-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-40,50-[2000-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]-4,20- dihydroxychalcone and 3,4-(600,600-dimethyldihydropyrano)-40,50-[2000,-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano]-20-hydroxychalcone for which the names bartericins A, B and C, respectively, are proposed. Stipulin, b-sitosterol and its 3-b-D-glucopyranosyl derivative were also isolated. The structures of these secondary metabolites were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially, NMR spectra in conjunction with 2D experiments, COSY, HMQC and HMBC. The structural relationship of bartericins B and C was further established by the chemical cyclization of one to the other.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/258

Files in this item: 2

Diprenylated chalcones and other.pdf (3.479Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Bivarate models: relationships between solar irradiation and either sunshine duration or extremum temperatures

Jain, P.K.; Lungu, E.M.; Prakash, J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/renene, NaN, 2003)

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The Republic of Botswana is one of the sunniest countries in Southern Africa. It has very little cloud cover, insufficient rainfall, very low humidity, and very low wind speed throughout the year for most parts of the country. The daily extremum temperatures appear to be very much related to solar irradiation which in turn depends on sunshine duration. In Botswana, solar irradiation on a horizontal surface is measured only at Sebele, but sunshine duration and extremum temperatures are measured at several locations throughout the country. This paper presents bivariate models that relate solar irradiation to sunshine duration, and solar irradiation to extremum temperatures for Sebele, Botswana. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that the solar irradiation series is stationary for d=2 and D=0, sunshine duration series is stationary for d=0 and D=0, while the extremum temperatures series are stationary for either d=0 and D=N where N=1, 2, . . . or d=1 and D=1. It is found that there is a lag of three months between the peaks of the differenced series of fractional sunshine duration and fractional solar irradiation. On the other hand it is found that there is at most a lag of one month between the peaks of the differenced series of maximum temperature and solar irradiation, and that there is no lag between the peaks of the differenced series of minimum temperature and solar irradiation. Analysis of the noise component revealed that the bivariate processes under consideration behaved either as a purely seasonal MA processes of order (0,1,1) or as ARIMA processes of order (0, 1, 1)x (0, 1, 1)12 or as a purely nonseasonal, autoregressive process of order 2. We claim that the relationships found for Sebele can be applied to estimate solar irradiation at other locations with climatic conditions similar to Botswana.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/177

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jain_RE_2003.pdf (1.288Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

Influence of weak and strong donor groups on the fluorescence parameters and the intersystem crossing rate constant

Nijegorodov, N.; Mabbs, R.; Winkoun, D.P. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/saa, NaN, 2003)

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Abstract: Please refer to the attached article for an ABSTRACT. The abstract was not uploaded here due to formula appearance problem in UBRISA.

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/402

Files in this item: 1

Nijegorodov_SAa59-2003.pdf (1.367Mb)

Antioxidant activity of prenylated flavonoids from the West African medicinal plant Dorstenia mannii

Dufall, K.; Ngadjui, B.; Simeon, K.; Abegaz, B.; Croft, K. (Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm, NaN, 2003)

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Abstract:

The antioxidant activities of three prenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia mannii (6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, dorsmanin C and dorsmanin F) were compared to the common, non-prenylated flavonoid, quercetin. The prenylated flavonoids were found to be potent scavengers of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and are more potent than butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a common antioxidant used as a food additive. The prenylated flavonoids also inhibited Cu2+-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Dose-response studies indicated that the prenylated flavonoids were effective inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation with IC50 values <1 M and had similar inhibitory potency compared to quercetin, but was not directly related to Cu binding. Unlike quercetin, they did not show any pro-oxidant activity at high doses in the Cu2+-mediated lipoprotein oxidation system. The medicinal action of Dorstenia mannii may be related to the high concentration of potent antioxidant prenylated flavonoids in this species.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/261

Files in this item: 2

Antioxidant act ... ed flavonoids from the.pdf (2.966Mb)

license.txt (1.998Kb)

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Abstract:	Please refer to the attached article for an ABSTRACT. The abstract was not uploaded here due to formula appearance problem in UBRISA.
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/10311/402