With increasing internationalization of urban planning throughout the twentieth century and in the past several decades in particular, planning ideas and practices have been exported from a few, and imported in many countries. However, this ‘trade’ happens without clear expectations about the ensuing
dynamics between the internal context and external influences. This paper attempts to enhance
understanding of how planning systems evolve and which factors affect them. The conceptual frameworks and typologies used to characterize planning systems and their determinants are reviewed. Building on previous work, an integrated framework is proposed that captures the process, factors and
outcomes of urban planning systems. The history of planning in Serbia and Montenegro is used to
illustrate how a planning system evolves under changing circumstances and influences and to demonstrate the complexity of such process. The case study is not intended to provide a detailed historical
account of the country’s planning trajectory, but to highlight the applicability of elements of the
framework in a real setting. In particular, the focus is on conditions of imposition versus voluntary
adoption of planning ideas as a way of examining the interaction between the local context and
imported models, as well as the implications of such interaction. The article concludes with several pointers about the necessary research on the nature of planning exports and imports and their effects
on the resultant urban systems, processes, environments and quality of life.