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School health: the challenges to service delivery in Botswana

Shaibu, S.; Phaladze, N.A. (Cambridge University Press. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PHC, NaN, 2010)

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This paper reports an evaluation of the implementation of the School Health Policy (SHP) in Botswana schools. Historically, school health originated with a concern for the number of children being excluded from school owing to communicable diseases. In 1999, the three ministries, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Local Government, developed the Botswana School Health Policy and Procedures Manual. The school health services are organized at national, district and local levels. The purpose of the evaluation was to explore how school health services were delivered in schools in Botswana. Data on current practices on school health were collected using observations, field notes and interviews of various school personnel in 27 schools located in the Gaborone district, and surrounding villages using the assessment guide in the SHP. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Several challenges to implementing the school health policy were identified, for example, lack of human resources, lack of equipment supplies, lack of health knowledge among teachers, as well as organizational problems. This has budgetary implications for Botswana at both central and district levels. Commitment of all stakeholders in all ministries concerned would also improve the implementation of school health services.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/563

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Symptom Burden of Fatigue in Men and Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa

Voss, J.; Sukati, N.; Seboni, N.; Makoae, L.; Moleko, M.; Human, S.; Molosiwa, K.; Holzemer, W. (Elsevier; http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/704632/description#description; Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. http://www.nursesinaidscare.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3277, NaN, 2007)

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HIV-related fatigue is a debilitating and disabling symptom that persists for months and years. In 743 HIV/AIDS patients from Southern Africa, the authors found ratings of HIV-related fatigue to be highly prevalent. The authors conducted a secondary data analysis within the theoretical context of the University of California, San Francisco Symptom Management Model. The analysis focused on 538 patients who reported fatigue to investigate correlates and predictors of fatigue severity in relationship to demographic and HIV/AIDS illness indicators, as well as HIV-specific physical and psychological symptoms. A hierarchical regression model explored the contributions of those five blocks on fatigue severity. Of the 47% of the total variance in fatigue severity, a combination of variables within the health and illness block (6%), the physical symptoms block (7%) and the psychological symptom block (2%) contributed significantly to the increase in fatigue severity scores. Fatigue severity in Southern Africa was moderate, and the factors contributing to the perceived fatigue were most likely related to symptoms of acute HIV disease (such as fever and gastrointestinal problems). In conclusion, fatigue severity is less impacted by demographic or environmental variables but much more by co-occurring symptoms and HIV disease severity. The results of this study imply the need for more research to understand if improvements in water quality and access to food would prevent infection and diarrhea and whether sufficient access to antiretroviral treatments to manage the HIV infection would improve fatigue and co-occurring symptom profiles.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/263

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The symptom experience of people living with HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa

Voss, J.G.; Sukati, N.A.; Seboni, N.M.; Makoae, L.N.; Moleko, M.; Human, S.; Molosiwa, K.; Holzemer, W.L. (Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/704632/description#description, NaN, 2005)

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URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/538

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The symptom experience of people living with HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa

Makoae, L.C.; Seboni, N.M.; Molosiwa, K.; Moleko, M.; Human, S.; Sukati, N.A.; Holzemer, W.L. (Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/704632/authorinstructions, NaN, 2005)

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This study describes the symptom experience of 743 men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland. Data were obtained in 2002 by using a cross-sectional design. A survey of participants included 17 sociodemographic items and the 64-item Revised Sign and Symptom Checklist for Persons with HIV Disease. Results indicate a strong correlation between the frequency of reported symptoms and their intensity (r .84, p .00). Participants who reported having enough money for daily expenses also reported significantly fewer symptoms. There were no significant differences in symptom frequency between men and women or by location of residence. The study showed a complex picture of HIV-related symptoms in all four countries. Because of the high levels of symptoms reported, the results imply an urgent need for effective home- and community-based symptom management in countries where antiretroviral therapy is unavailable to help patients and their families manage and control AIDS symptoms and improve quality of life.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/558

Files in this item: 1

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Unity among nurses: an evasive concept

Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G.; Dithole, K. (Nursing Forum.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/nuf, January 1, 2007)

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The purpose of this paper is to elucidate contributing factors to the disunity in nursing, and argue that if united nursing would be able to achieve harmony, respect, and, above all, recognition. Social and historical identities imperil nurses, make them defenseless, and cause disunity. The relation between nursing and effects of gender discourses in power struggles is also accentuated. The paper concludes by advancing solutions to the disunity and argues that if measures are not taken urgently, unity in nursing will remain intangible and a legacy of disunity passes to the incoming generation.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/566

Files in this item: 1

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Voices from the frontlines: the epidemics of HIV/AIDS and violence among women and girls

Teitelman, A.M.; Seloilwe, E.S.; Campbell, J.C. (Taylor & Francis, LLC. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/uhcwauth.asp, NaN, 2009)

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The papers in this special issue focus on the topic of violence against women. This group of scholarly works explores theoretical issues, context and health care interventions pertaining to violence in women’s lives. In conjunction with this special issue, this editorial provides a synopsis of presentations and discussions about the topic of the intersections of genderbased violence, HIV and the girl child that took place in July 2008 as part of the 17th conference of International Council of Women’s Health Issues (ICOWHI) held in Gaborone, Botswana, focusing on the Girl Child. ICOWHI, in conjunction with the University of Botswana, Centre for the Study of HIV and AIDS (CSHA) sponsored a one day preconference on “Gender-based violence and HIV Risk among Adolescent Girls.” A diverse interdisciplinary group of scholars from around the world closely examined these interconnected epidemics in a rich day long discussion. The aim of the preconference as well as the articles in this special issue is to build scholarship and inform practice of cultural and contextual factors as they pertain to violence in the lives of women and girls in order to promote their health, safety and well-being globally.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/574

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What is in a name: the case of nursing

Thupayagale, G.; Dithole, K. (Nursing Forum. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/nuf, NaN, 2005)

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The purpose of this paper is to create a debate on whether the name “nursing” has any influence on how the nursing profession is perceived today by other healthcare professionals and the general public the nursing profession serves. A quantum leap is being suggested by the authors, as only a paradigm shift could change the world’s mindset on nursing and its recognition as a profession. A change in name is what the authors see as a way of changing the unflattering perception of nurses and enhancing its status to the level of respectability of other healthcare professions.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/568

Files in this item: 1

What is in a name.pdf (565.0Kb)

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