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Psychosocial effects experienced by grandmothers as primary caregivers in rural Botswana

Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/jpmhn, NaN, 2008)

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Studies on the psychosocial effects of grandmothers as primary caregivers in Botswana are non-existent. The purpose of this study was to close that knowledge gap. Twenty-five (n = 25) grandmothers who were primary caregivers to their grandchildren in one rural village of Botswana were interviewed twice a week between January and May 2006. A central theme that emerged from the interviews under psychological effects was ‘disenfranchised grief’ with sub themes that included depression, loneliness, blaming and stress. The themes that emerged on social effects included isolation, loss of control, unavailability of mental health services, financial hardships and a sense of failure for some participants. Implications for mental health practitioners and policy makers are given.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/555

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Psychosocial effects experienced.pdf (715.8Kb)

The illness demands of diabetes on couples in Botswana

Sabone, M.B. (Sage Publications, http://jfn.sagepub.com, NaN, 2008)

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This report is part of a larger study that investigated the relationships between illness demands, marital support, and psychological adjustment in the context of diabetes mellitus in rural and urban middle-aged marital couples in Botswana. Ninety-six persons experiencing diabetes and 87 of their spouses participated in the study. This report is based on data from 87 diabetic patients and their spouses. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Patients and their spouses were interviewed separately. Three open-ended questions elicited participants’ personal experiences of illness demands. The couple participants reported many challenging illness experiences associated with the illness and contextual factors that influenced their perception about the burden of illness and reported that the illness experienced was often a growth-enhancing and maturing process.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/990

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Sabone_JFN_2008.pdf (1.169Mb)

Proliferation of new health cadres: a response to acute shortage of nurses and midwives by sub-Saharan African governments

Seboni, N.M. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/ijns, NaN, 2009)

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URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/576

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Proliferation of new health cadres.pdf (360.5Kb)

Voices from the frontlines: the epidemics of HIV/AIDS and violence among women and girls

Teitelman, A.M.; Seloilwe, E.S.; Campbell, J.C. (Taylor & Francis, LLC. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/uhcwauth.asp, NaN, 2009)

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The papers in this special issue focus on the topic of violence against women. This group of scholarly works explores theoretical issues, context and health care interventions pertaining to violence in women’s lives. In conjunction with this special issue, this editorial provides a synopsis of presentations and discussions about the topic of the intersections of genderbased violence, HIV and the girl child that took place in July 2008 as part of the 17th conference of International Council of Women’s Health Issues (ICOWHI) held in Gaborone, Botswana, focusing on the Girl Child. ICOWHI, in conjunction with the University of Botswana, Centre for the Study of HIV and AIDS (CSHA) sponsored a one day preconference on “Gender-based violence and HIV Risk among Adolescent Girls.” A diverse interdisciplinary group of scholars from around the world closely examined these interconnected epidemics in a rich day long discussion. The aim of the preconference as well as the articles in this special issue is to build scholarship and inform practice of cultural and contextual factors as they pertain to violence in the lives of women and girls in order to promote their health, safety and well-being globally.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/574

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Voices from the frontlines.pdf (1.170Mb)

Collaboration in higher education for nursing and midwifery in Africa (CHENMA)

Mogobe, K.D.; Bruce, J.C.; Meyer, S. (University of South Africa (Unisa Press)http://www.unisa.ac.za/, NaN, 2009)

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Higher education in developing countries face a particular challenge; half of the world’s higher education students are found in developing countries, placing great strain on an already under funded system. Whilst the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) health strategy urges countries to embark on massive capacity building, the truth is that the higher education sector in Africa does not have the resources to do so. The NEPAD higher education document (2001) proposes the idea of multi-country partnerships to address the sector’s problem and at the same time, address the capacity building needs for improved health care delivery. This paper reports on pertinent aspects of collaboration between universities on the African continent for the purpose of capacity building in nursing and midwifery. The paper outlines the rationale and context of the Collaboration in Higher Education for Nursing and Midwifery in Africa (CHENMA) project. The discussion focuses on the conditions in Africa that hamper the development of nursing and midwifery. It describes the efforts of the Tau Lambda at-Large Chapter to improve nursing and midwifery, initially in East Africa and later in Francophone Africa through the CHENMA project. The paper articulates the values and underpinning principles, outcomes of and lessons learnt from the project.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/685

Files in this item: 1

Collaboration in higher education.pdf (1.194Mb)

Paraffin (kerosene)* poisoning in under-five children: a problem of developing countries

Tshiamo, W. (Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/ijn, NaN, 2009)

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Although developed countries have largely eliminated the problem of paraffin ingestion in young children, many developing countries have not. Paraffin, used as a home energy source, particularly in rural area, accounts for a significant percent of paediatric poisoning and can lead to serious health problems, complications and death. This paper presents a review done by a nurse clinician concerned about the number of paediatric poisonings she saw in the hospital in one developing country, Botswana. The first stage of solving the problem is presented in which she established the extent and epidemiology of the issue. Suggestions for its solution are also discussed. It is hoped that this can serve both to increase awareness in developing countries of the dangers of paraffin poisoning and serve as a model for nurse clinicians and researchers in developing countries.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/557

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Paraffin kerosene poisoning.pdf (527.8Kb)

People living with HIV and AIDS on the brink: stigma - a complex sociocultural impediment in the fight against HIV and AIDS in Botswana

Nthomang, K.; Phaladze, N.; Oagile, N.; Ngwenya, B.; Seboni, N.; Gobotswang, K.; Kubanji, R. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t713723020, NaN, 2009)

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HIV-related stigma is a life-altering phenomenon. The consequence of the stigmatization process sets apart stigmatized person(s) as a distinct category, leading to various forms of disapproval, rejection, exclusion, labeling, stereotyping, and discrimination. Stigma of HIV-positive people in Botswana is a complex social phenomenon associated with the disease itself and the behaviors that lead to infection. This is a synthesis paper based on the literature review on HIV- and AIDS-related stigmatization of HIV-positive people in Botswana and in-depth interviews with people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHAs). I examine the literature on HIV- and AIDS-related stigmatization and subsequent discrimination and the implications for intervention programs for people living with HIV and AIDS. The findings from the literature and in-depth interviews show that HIV-AIDS-related stigma is deeply embedded in societal structures and culture which promote nonacceptance of those branded HIV positive. This often is reinforced at a practical level by pervasive negative attitudes toward PLWHAs. Recommendations argue for the adoption of Healthy Relationship. This intervention seeks to promote and strengthen decision-making skills among PLWHAs and programs that promote destigmatization of, and tolerant attitudes toward, PLWHAs.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/857

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Nthomang_HCWI_2009.pdf (103.4Kb)

Beliefs about the causes of cervical cancer in Botswana: implications for nursing

McFarland, D.M. (International Council of Nurses. http://www.ovid.com/site/catalog/Journal/968.jsp, December NaN, 2009)

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Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality and morbidity for women in Botswana. Yet, little is known about what women believe to be the causes of the disease. Aim: This paper presents data on factors women in Botswana believe are responsible for the high incidence of cervical cancer in their country. Data were part of a larger study that explored knowledge and perceptions about cervical cancer and Pap smear screening from the perspectives of the clients and the healthcare providers. Methods: The study that generated the data included 30 women of all socio-economic levels, recruited by network sampling. The women’s ages ranged from 31 to 54 years. Demographic data were analysed descriptively. Individualized interview data were content-analysed. Findings: The identified causes of cervical cancer were classified as cervical irritants and non-irritants. The most commonly cited cervical irritants were vaginally inserted chemical agents and traditional medicine. Discussions: Participants identified vaginally inserted chemical substances and traditional medicines as possible explanations for the high incidence of cervical cancer in Botswana. They reported that women used these substances for sexual and hygienic purposes. Although these factors are believed to be the causes of cervical cancer and have not yet been medically acknowledged, verbal reports suggest that their use is problematic. Conclusion: There is a need for health education and for further research to affirm women’s beliefs about the harmful effects of intravaginal agents.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1141

Files in this item: 1

Beliefs about the causes.pdf (1.382Mb)

School health: the challenges to service delivery in Botswana

Shaibu, S.; Phaladze, N.A. (Cambridge University Press. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PHC, NaN, 2010)

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This paper reports an evaluation of the implementation of the School Health Policy (SHP) in Botswana schools. Historically, school health originated with a concern for the number of children being excluded from school owing to communicable diseases. In 1999, the three ministries, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Local Government, developed the Botswana School Health Policy and Procedures Manual. The school health services are organized at national, district and local levels. The purpose of the evaluation was to explore how school health services were delivered in schools in Botswana. Data on current practices on school health were collected using observations, field notes and interviews of various school personnel in 27 schools located in the Gaborone district, and surrounding villages using the assessment guide in the SHP. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Several challenges to implementing the school health policy were identified, for example, lack of human resources, lack of equipment supplies, lack of health knowledge among teachers, as well as organizational problems. This has budgetary implications for Botswana at both central and district levels. Commitment of all stakeholders in all ministries concerned would also improve the implementation of school health services.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/563

Files in this item: 1

School health.pdf (911.5Kb)

Emotional violence among women in intimate relationships in Botswana

Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G.; Seloilwe, E.S. (Informa Healthcare, http://informahealthcare.com/journal/mhn, NaN, 2010)

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A Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to investigate the lived experience of women in Botswana who had experienced emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Hermeneutic phenomenologyis concerned with the human experience as it is lived. Ten educated Botswana women who had formal employment and have been in intimate relationships for longer than ten years, narrated their life experiences with abusive men. Extensive interviews took place over a six month period. Sociocultural practices in Botswana emerged as salient factors that contribute to emotional abuse and predispose womento mental illness. Entwined in these cultural practices are issues of age, ethnicity, payment of lobola (bride price), financial standing, change of name, and relocation to the man's residence. Education and employment seem to worsen the abuse. Depression and anxiety are common results of abuse. Understanding how the sociocultural factors perpetuate abuse can assist nurses in the way they provide health care services to women.

URI:

http://hdl.handle.net/10311/982

Files in this item: 1

Thupayagale-Tshweneagae_IMHN_2010.pdf (1.091Mb)

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