Browsing Faculty of Social Sciences by Issue Date
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Mookodi, G. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Gender inequality is characterised by unequal power relations between women and men. One of the key manifestations of these unequal power relations is violence. Studies conducted in Botswana indicate that actual violence and threats of violence against women severely hamper the achievement of gender equality. This paper presents the results of national studies on the extent and nature of violence against women. The studies reveal that most cases of violence are domestic - committed by men against their wives or cohabiting parmers. The paper examines the dynamics of domestic violence. the factors that perpetuate it and the difficulties of stopping it. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/904 Files in this item: 1
Mookodi2_PBJAS_2004.pdf (644.1Kb) -
Mookodi, G.; Fuh, D. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Researchers and activists in Botswana have played an active role in the international campaign to alleviate women s subordinate position in economic development. Of late attention has shifted from 'women' to 'gender'. This shift has been premised on the need to provide a more holistic framework that focuses on relations between women and men, rather than on women exclusively. However, there are mounting concerns among academics and development practitioners that the gender debate has reached a stalemate in Botswana. The impasse is manifested in the perception that 'gender' and 'women' are used as synonyms in much gender discourse, research and activism. This paper argues that focusing on women and ostracising men makes the task of mainstreaming (or engendering) research and practice an unobtainable illusion. We propose new dimensions in gender discourses that will provide more balanced perspectives on both women and men. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/901 Files in this item: 1
Mookodi_PBJAS_2004.pdf (790.8Kb) -
Mookodi, G. (CODESRIA, http://www.codesria.org, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Male violence against women has become commonplace in contemporary Botswana. Analyses of gender-based violence in Botswana indicate that men are acting out their dominance through acts of violence. This dominance is created and reinforced by patriarchal beliefs and practics. The discussions are characterised by notions of female victimhood and universal male dominance. This paper contextualises male violence agaisnt women by examining the role played by economic and social change in the shaping of gender identities and relations. I show that while contemporary forms of male dominance have resulted from their privileged access over time to resources such as wages and property, men also face uncertainties of unemployment and reduced social status. I also show that rather than assuming the role of passive victims, women have developed, and continue to develop, contradictory survival strategies such as cohabitation and sexual relations that not only reinforce notions of male dominance but sometimes also challenge power relations and render some men victims. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/714 Files in this item: 1
Mookodi_ASR_2004.pdf (1.452Mb) -
Maundeni, T. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, www.thuto.org/pula/html/, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Even though HIV/AIDS affects people of all gender and age, most HIV research in Botswana has mainly focused on either girls or women, neglecying the boy child. This paper discusses the reasons for this neglect, explores the various factors that predispose the boy child to HIV infection and concludes by outlining strategies for the wayforward. The paper points out the need for more reliable data on the number of boys infected with HIV and calls for intensive HIV education with special emphasis on skills and social norms. It argues that the key challenges in addressing the needs of boys at risk of HIV infection lay in convincing the public that children have to be tested for HIV and, deconstructing traditional concepts of masculinity in ways that fit new realities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/879 Files in this item: 1
Maundeni_PBJAS_2004.pdf (796.6Kb) -
Nthomang, K. (Cambridge University Press, http://www.cambridge.org/journals/journal_catalogue.asp?mnemonic=MOA, August NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Colonial processes continue to dominate many Indigenous peoples development programmes in countries around the world. This paper examines some of the underlying factors that contribute to continued failure in the implementation of the Remote Area Development Programme (RADP) in Botswana. It argues that it is not just failed implementation that is the problem, but a more fundamental problem found in its philosophy, which suggests relentless colonialism. This paper is based on the empirical findings of a recent study in one Basarwa settlement in Botswana and draws on the practical experience of the author. Case examples from this study are used to unravel and illustrate embedded colonial practices of the RADP. Recommendations from the findings argue for the development of a decolonising approach of development practice that may respond effectively to problems that result from this relentless colonialism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/164 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)nthomang_radp_ modernafricans_2003.pdf (173.3Kb) -
Mokgatlhe, L.; Groenewald, P.C.N. (Elsevier, http://www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: A method for the simulation of samples from the exact posterior distributions of the parameters in logistic regression is proposed. It is based on the principle of data augmentation and a latent variable is introduced, similar to the approach of Albert and chib (J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 88 (1993) 669), who applied it to the probit model. In general, the full conditional distributions are intractable, but with the introductions of the latent variable all conditional distributions are uniform, and the Gibbs sampler is easily applicable. Marginal likelihoods for model selection can be obtained at the expense of additional Gibbs cycles. The technique is extended and can be applied with nominal or ordinal polychotomous data. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1127 Files in this item: 1
Mokgatlhe_CSDA_2005.pdf (564.2Kb) -
Vasudeva, R.; Divanji, G. (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, http://epubs.siam.org, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Let (X(t), t ≥ (0) with X(0) = 0 be a stable subordinator with index 0 < α < 1 and let (tk) be an increasing sequence such that tk+1/tk → ∞ as k → ∞. Let (at) be a positive nondecreasing function of t such that a(t)/t 1. Define Y (t) = X(t + a(t)) − X(t) and Z(t) = X(t) − X(t − a(t)), t > 0. We obtain law-of-the-iterated-logarithm results for (X(tk)), (Y (tk)) and Z(tk), properly normalized. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1135 Files in this item: 1
Divanji_TPA_2006.pdf (120.0Kb) -
Mogalakwe, M. (Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, http://www.codesria.org/?lang=en, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Britain declared Bechuanaland a 'protectorate' in 1885 in a move largely driven by military strategic considerations rather than by the availability of economic resources. This can give the impression that in Botswana the process of economic underdevelopment, that is often associated with colonialism, never took place in this British 'protectorate'. This article reveals that even in the so-called 'protectorate', the British colonial state policies subverted indigenous economic interests and stifled opportunites for indigenous private capital accumulation, while actively promoting the economic interests of a small white settler capitalist class. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/652 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_AD_2006.pdf (1.331Mb) -
Osei-Hwedie, K.; Ntseane, D.; Jacques, G. (Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Developing a tertiary academic programme in Botswana is not only an intellectual activity but also an institutional process that must be balanced to satisfy different stakeholders and contending claims. This paper focuses on the intellectual and institutional processes of developing a Master in Social Work(MSW) programme at the University of Botswana. It discusses the intricacies of identifying the need for a MSW and the consultative process of designing the programme and course objectives, titles, and course content. The paper takes the view that institutional and intellectual issues are significant factors of the exercise of searching for appropriateness in social work education in an African context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/744 Files in this item: 1
Osei-Hwedie_SWE_2006.pdf (1.212Mb) -
Selolwane, O. (African Sociological Review, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The main thesis of this paper is that Botswana's opposition parties are accountable for their failure to provide the voting public with a meaningful alternative to the ruling Botswana Democratic Party. While conceding the explanatory importance of other factors such as resource capacity, this paper departs from conventional wisdom by focusing on the strategic and ideological weaknesses of the opposition parties. it argues that the opposition parties made a number of strategic errors which rendered them electorally unattractive before they could establish their legitimacy as contenders for government power. To break the monopoly of power that the ruling party has so far enjoyed, Botswana's opposition must transform itself into a meaningful competitor and government-in-waiting. To do that they must (a)demonstrate that they have a viable, alternative economic management strategy to better satisfy the interests of a diverse voting public and (b)develop broad based political strategies targeting the diverse voting public to build voter confidence in the capability of the party as a possible government. The ruling party's track record of four decades of sustained economic growth leaves a formidable challenge to the opposition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/761 Files in this item: 1
Selolwane_ASR_2002.pdf (1.586Mb) -
Fako, T. (Taylor & Francis, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: In spite of extensive campaigns to promote voluntary counselling and testing through the radio, television, newspapers and mass rallies, testing for HIV remains a challenge in Botswana. Using a representative sample of 1,294 students from secondary schools and tertiary institutions, the study investigates the effects of socio-demographic background variables, family coherence, interpersonal relations, sexual experience and knowledge about sexual health, on willingness to test for HIV infection. The results show that willingness to test for HIV infection was negatively associated with being sexually active and having a number of partners. Indicators of family, coherence, psychological bonding and personal adjustment such as common residence among parents, emotional support from the family attachment to parents, happiness with life in general and satisfaction with life as a student were associated with willingness to test. The importance of sexual activity, number of partners, happiness with life in general, level of attachment to father and physical fights with other children were identified as the social and psychological predictors of willingness to test for HIV using multiple logistic regression. The study highlights the importance of continued education about voluntary counselling and testing among sexually active young people, especially those from poorer backgrounds in rural areas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/780 Files in this item: 1
Fako_AC_2006.pdf (600.1Kb) -
Kiggundu, J. (CODESRIA http://www.africanbookscollective.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Copyrights may provide more effective protection for indigenous knowledge than other forms of intellectual property such as patents, trademarks, and 97 confidential information. The most important aspect of copyright law may be neighboring rights. Neighboring rights are provided to those who perform in ceremonies or belong to groups which hold knowledge. The rights of indigenous peoples must be protected with international laws as well as national laws which are designed to protect those with indigenous knowledge. Model Licensing Agreements as well as university involvement in indigenous knowledge are also essential for international indigenous knowledge protection. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/583 Files in this item: 1
Kiggundu_IKSIPC_2007.pdf (3.611Mb) -
Forcheh, N.; Fako, T. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The study proposes a measure of effective productivity among service workers and seeks a parsimonious predictive model of “effective productivity” among nurses in Botswana. Employee productivity has become a concern of organisations in all economic sectors world wide. In Botswana, it has also become a national priority issue and has been listed as one of the goals of the long term vision for Botswana due to perceived low productivity among the workforce. Productivity among nurses is of special significance because of their critical role in the primary health care system. Nurses working under local government control in Botswana provide a good case study since they all have to perform certain routine activities from which their productivity could be measured and compared. Self completed anonymous questionnaires were used to collect the relevant data from all health facilities under local government control in Botswana. A representative sample of 325 questionnaires were returned and analysed. Chi-squared test of association was used to identify univariate factors associated with effective productivity from among a list of 38 variables. Hierarchical stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify a predictive model for effective productivity among nurses. Thirteen of the 38 variables were found to be significant univariate predictors of effective productivity (p<0.05). Only eight of these factors were retained during a search for a parsimonious predictive model. These in order of importance were midwifery training, involvement with the Village Development Committee, involvement in making health policies, peer support, religious affiliation, ability to complete the Botswana Obstetric Record, quality of health after posting and involvement with the community. The overall impact of these factors was found to be additive. The results underline the importance of midwifery training for effective productivity among nurses in Botswana. It is concluded that all nurses in Botswana should be encouraged and accorded the opportunity to do midwifery training. Nurses should further be encouraged to become more involved in the communities in which they work, as well as develop supportive relationships and a friendly atmosphere at the work place. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/713 Files in this item: 1
Forcheh_AJBM_2007.pdf (191.7Kb) -
Mogalakwe, M. (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, www.emeraldinsight.com/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether expatriate workers in Botswana are a labour aristocracy. Design/methodology/approach - This is a case study based on documentary research methods. Findings - The evidence presented supports the case for the existence of a foreign labour aristicracy in Botswana. The labour aristocracy thesis has come under attack for describing the better-paid workers aslabour aristocrats and for its failure to take cognizance of the heterogeneity of the working class. Although it appears that the thesis has now been relegated to the periphery of labour studies debates, evidence from Botswana of a two tier wage structure, one for citizens and another for "expatriates", resonates with the basic tenets of the labour aristocracy thesis. Research limitations/implications - There is a need to revisit the debate and for more case studies from different Third World countries. Practical implications - The paper highlights the difficulties faced by citizen employees in Botswana in seeking to improve their material conditions. Originality/value - This paper reveals a linkage between a wages policy and the notion of national development in a specific society. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/892 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_ER_2008.pdf (817.5Kb) -
Kumar, R.A.; Raizada, M. (BONELA, www.bonela.org, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: HIV continues to spread throughout the world, posing increasing challenges to human rights, at both national and global levels. The epidermic continues to be marked by discrimination against certain population groups; those who live on the fringes of the society or who are assumed to be at risk because of their behaviour, race, ethnicity and sexual orientation, gender or social characteristics that are stigmatised in a particular society. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS continues to grow in nations with different economies, social structures and legal systems, HIV/AIDS related human rights issues are not only becoming noticeable, but also increasingly diverse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/868 Files in this item: 1
Kumar_BRELH2_2008.pdf (1.629Mb) -
Lekorwe, M. (Made Plain Commucation, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This chapter assesses the effectiveness of the Office of the Auditor General as a key pillar of the national integrity system in Botswana. It gives an overview of the laws and rules governing the establishment and operation of the Office, and how are these translated into reality. The chapter focuses on the role, structure and resources of the office, as well as its independence, accountability and integrity. Issues of transparency, complaints mechanisms, and the relationship with other pillars are also discussed. The chapter ends with a conclusion and recommendations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/594 Files in this item: 1
Lekorwe_TACB_2008.pdf (2.019Mb) -
Ama, N.O. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This study presents the opinions of a stratified sample of 542 graduates of the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana on their transition from higher education to employment and the extent to which the job held are appropriate to the level of education attained. The study revealed that the mean transition time for all the graduates was 4.6 months with a standard deviation of 0.19 months while they made an average of 13.5 contacts with employers before getting their first employment. The results of the analysis further showed a downward trend in the percentage of graduates whose transition times were less than 4 months over the study period. In addition the study revealed that over 72% of the graduates felt strongly that their jobs were appropriate to their level of education and relevant to the courses taken in the university and the public sector was still the highest employer. Based on the findings, the study recommends among other things, that the Botswana Government should sensitise and boost private sector involvement in the employment of graduates into their services in order to reduce the full burden of employment of graduates. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/653 Files in this item: 1
Ama_ERR_2008.pdf (266.5Kb) -
Mulinge, M.M.; Munyae, M.M. (The Haworth Press, www.haworthpress.com/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Utilizing data collected from a randomly selected sample of 360 academic and managerial staff, regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of acceptance of change among employees at the University of Botswana. The results showed moderate levels of employee acceptance of innovations and revealed that, of the four categories of substantive factors analyzed, managerial features were the most important determinants of acceptance of organizational change. It was concluded that management action is needed to boost the levels of acceptance of change and that a more participative approach to the management of the change process is necessary to guarantee the involvement of all stakeholders from the decision-making to the implementation and administration stages of the process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1120 Files in this item: 1
Mulinge_JAB_2008.pdf (1.912Mb) -
Othata, O.; Seleke, T. (Made Plain Commucation, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This chapter reviews Botswana's integrity mechanisms within the business sector. It examines the role of the state owned businesses, by far the majority in Botswana,as well as the emerging privately owned business sector. It compares the role of various kinds of legislation relating to unlisted and listed companies, and the role of oversight bodies. In addition to relying on legislation and practice relating to business in Botswana, the authors of this chapter conducted an extensive survey of listed and unlisted companies, and conducted interviews with people in the business sector. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/636 Files in this item: 1
Othata_TACB_2008.pdf (1.771Mb) -
Mothusi, B.; Dipholo, K.B. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. www.wiley.com, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This article argues that efforts by the Government of Botswana to embark on privatisation of some parastatals as well as contracting out the provision of certain services with the main intention of enhancing productivity and strengthening the private sector will not have a negative effect on the strength and nature of the existing strong developmental state. It is argued that the cautious and pragmatic approach adopted by the government, coupled with the fact that privatisation in Botswana is embraced voluntarily (that is not imposed on the country by either the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a condition for financial assistance), hiving off parastatals to the private sector will not result in the weakening and ultimate demise of the state as it has happened in some countries within Sub Saharan Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1128 Files in this item: 1
Mothusi_PAD_2008.pdf (840.7Kb)