Browsing Faculty of Education by Issue Date
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Ntseane, P.G.; Preece, J. (Routledge. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/0376835x.asp, September NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: A phenomenological study that was carried out among five ethnic groups of Botswana revealed the importance of taking into account culturally situated sexual realities when prevention policies for HIV/AIDS are considered and implemented. Furthermore the study threw light on the ineffectiveness of the current national HIV/AIDS prevention strategy of ‘Abstain, Be faithful, or use a Condom’ (ABC), a strategy that has been externally imposed on communities, without sufficiently engaging the behavioural practices and values of the communities themselves. This paper therefore advocates educational strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention that take into consideration localised social relations and value systems. Devising policies that engage with the discourses that are dominant in each ethnic group can make a difference in a country that has been hard-hit by the HIV/ AIDS epidemic URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/517 Files in this item: 1
Ntseane_DSA_2005.pdf (1.017Mb) -
Teachers’ strategies of teaching primary school mathematics in a second language: a case of BotswanaKasule, D.; Mapolelo, D. (Elsevier, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/homepage.cws_home, November NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a study of primary school mathematics teaching in northern Botswana in order to highlight the strategies teachers use in bi/multilingual classrooms. Questionnaire and interview data collection procedures were used. The findings, which are based on responses of randomly selected primary school teachers, confirmed that monolingual classes were fewer than bilingual and multilingual classes in those parts of Botswana. Furthermore, syllabus analysis confirmed the abstract nature of mathematical concepts. Teachers report to have devised strategies to overcome the difficulties imposed by this classroom situation URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/661 Files in this item: 1
KASULE_IJED_2005.pdf (1.930Mb) -
Chilisa, B. (International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education; Taylor & Francis [ http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/09518398.asp ], November NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper uses the postcolonial lens to highlight that mainstream research in postcolonial societies still ignores, marginalizes and suppresses other knowledge systems and ways of knowing. The marginalization of local knowledge systems, it is argued, was established in the colonial times that relegated all things indigenous or from the colonized communities as unworthy, uncivilized, barbaric and superstitious. Systematic efforts to inscribe Western ways of cultural, economic, political and social systems were applied during the colonial times and maintained in the post-independence era. The educational system did not escape the colonial construction of the colonized subjects and their relegation to otherness. Years after the struggle for independence the content of what is taught, methods of teaching and research remain Western in non-Western contexts. This does not only alienate the ‘othered’ from their own knowledge systems, it can be a matter of life and death as demonstrated by the HIV/AIDS information and education campaign. Using excerpts from studies on HIV/AIDS, the paper highlights that interventions to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, legitimized by conventional/Western research knowledge and frameworks, have alienated the people from the struggle to prevent the spread of the virus. Findings from a number of research studies on HIV/AIDS in Botswana are analyzed within the framework of current prevention strategies, more specifically posters and cartoons used in the campaign against HIV/AIDS, to illustrate the marginalization of other knowledge systems and the intersection of the ‘otherness’ ideology with mainstream First World research methodologies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/54 Files in this item: 2
chilisacolonization1.pdf (3.399Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Nnyepi, M.; Bandeke, T. (Rural Outreach Programme http://www.bioline.org.br/nd, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. It is an underlying factor in many diseases for both children and adults, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it affects one out of every 3 preschoolage children. A well-nourished child is one whose weight and height measurements compare very well with the standard normal distribution of heights and weights of healthy children of the same age and sex. Factors that contribute to malnutrition are many and varied. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of some socio-economic and demographic factors of households on the nutritional status of children under 3 years of age in Botswana. Factors included: the number of children under 3 years of age in the family, occupation of the parents, marital status, family income, parental education, maternal nutritional knowledge, residence location (urban or rural), gender, and breastfeeding practices. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire and measurements of weight and height. Four hundred households and mothers of children under three, representing the 23 Health Regions of Botswana, participated in the study. Reference standards used were those of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). EPI Info software (version 5) was used for data entry and analysis. The results show that the level of wasting, stunting, and underweight in children under three years of age was 5.5 %, 38.7 %, and 15.6 % respectively. Malnutrition was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among boys than among girls. Underweight was less prevalent among children whose parents worked in the agricultural sector than among children whose parents were involved in informal business. Children brought up by single parents suffered from underweight to a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level than children living with both parents. The prevalence of underweight decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as family income increased. The higher the level of the mother’s education, the lower the level of child underweight observed. Breastfeeding was found to reduce the occurrence of underweight among children. The study findings imply that efforts for redressing child undernutrition issues in Botswana should focus on factors associated with development outcomes such as maternal income, maternal education, and the creation of employment or economic engagements that do not compromise important child care practices such as breastfeeding. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1101 Files in this item: 1
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Kamwendo, G. H. (Nordic Association of African Studies. http://www.njas.helsinki.fi, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: In 1994, South Africans of all races and political parties took part in the first democratic elections. The election and inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the first black president marked the beginning of a new era - an era of democracy. The new era has, among other things, witnessed reforms in language planning. The current paper is a critique of South Africa's language planning efforts during the first decade of democracy i.e. 1994-2004. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1097 Files in this item: 1
kamwendo_NJAS_2006.pdf (108.8Kb) -
Maruatona, T. (SAGE Publications http://jds.sagepub.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: While the western powers credit globalization with facilitating development, Africa continues to face challenges such as poverty, low quality education, HIV/AIDS, and ineffective governance. This article provides an overview of African development since independence arguing that the African states shifted from their service-based policy agenda of the 1960s during the boom and bust period in the 1970s and 1980s, experienced the drastic effects of structural adjustments in the 1990s, and are now attempting to pursue an African renaissance agenda. It demonstrates how adult educators can help create deliberative democracy by working with civil society to engage African communities in public discourse and empower the citizenry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/696 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_JDS_2006.pdf (1.596Mb) -
Monyatsi, P.P. (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, http://www.krepublishers.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Productivity is the buzzword in all organizations worldwide. Organizations, including schools are busy trying to enhance the productivity of their employees by introducing a number of interventions or incentives. One of the interventions that was introduced in education in Botswana was teacher appraisal, and one of its objectives was to motivate teachers to improve their performance. This paper is based on a combined quantitative/qualitative study that was carried out from a sample of 607 secondary school teachers in seventeen schools in the South Region of Botswana evaluating the effectiveness of the current appraisal process as carried out in secondary schools. It looks at how the process of teacher appraisal can motivate teachers to improve their performance of facilitating effective teaching and students’ learning. The study revealed that if carried out properly, the appraisal process can motivate the teachers to do more. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/649 Files in this item: 1
Monyatsi_JSocSci_2006.pdf (767.7Kb) -
Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Nnyepi, M.; Bandeke, T. (Rural Outreach Program (ROP) www.ropkenya.org; http://www.ajfand.net/Index.html, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. It is an underlying factor in many diseases for both children and adults, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it affects one out of every 3 preschoolage children. A well-nourished child is one whose weight and height measurements compare very well with the standard normal distribution of heights and weights of healthy children of the same age and sex. Factors that contribute to malnutrition are many and varied. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of some socio-economic and demographic factors of households on the nutritional status of children under 3 years of age in Botswana. Factors included: the number of children under 3 years of age in the family, occupation of the parents, marital status, family income, parental education, maternal nutritional knowledge, residence location (urban or rural), gender, and breastfeeding practices. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire and measurements of weight and height. Four hundred households and mothers of children under three, representing the 23 Health Regions of Botswana, participated in the study. Reference standards used were those of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). EPI Info software (version 5) was used for data entry and analysis. The results show that the level of wasting, stunting, and underweight in children under three years of age was 5.5 %, 38.7 %, and 15.6 % respectively. Malnutrition was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among boys than among girls. Underweight was less prevalent among children whose parents worked in the agricultural sector than among children whose parents were involved in informal business. Children brought up by single parents suffered from underweight to a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level than children living with both parents. The prevalence of underweight decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as family income increased. The higher the level of the mother's education, the lower the level of child underweight observed. Breastfeeding was found to reduce the occurrence of underweight among children. The study findings imply that efforts for redressing child undernutrition issues in Botswana should focus on factors associated with development outcomes such as maternal income, maternal education, and the creation of employment or economic engagements URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/219 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Mahgoub_AJFAND_2006.pdf (330.9Kb) -
Moswela, B (Kamla-Raj Enterprises; http://www.krepublishers.com/, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examined and discussed the nature of problems boarding schools in Botswana experience. The focus was on the boys' side of boarding. The paper argued that if the recreational facilities in boarding schools were not provided in sufficient quantities, students would seek other means which are not necessarily approved by school rules to keep themselves from boredom. Equally contributing to students' behaviour problem in boarding institutions is the multicultural composition of boarding students and the general poor calibre of boarding staff that have a duty of care to the students under their stewardship. The poor conditions at boarding schools and lack of close supervision, the paper concludes, encourage students to misbehave. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/148 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Moswela_JSS_2006.pdf (676.3Kb) -
Maruatona, T. (SAGE, http://www.sagepublications.com, March NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: While the western powers credit globalization with facilitating development, Africa continues to face challenges such as poverty, low quality education, HIV/AIDS, and ineffective governance. This article provides an overview of African development since independence arguing that the African states shifted from their service-based policy agenda of the 1960s during the boom and bust period in the 1970s and 1980s, experienced the drastic effects of structural adjustments in the 1990s, and are now attempting to pursue an African renaissance agenda. It demonstrates how adult educators can help create deliberative democracy by working with civil society to engage African communities in public discourse and empower the citizenry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/658 Files in this item: 1
MARUATONA_JDS_2006.pdf (1.959Mb) -
Mooko, T. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, March NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: When Botswana gained independence from the British in 1966, a political decision was taken to designate English as an official language and Setswana, one of the indigenous languages, as a national language. This move disregarded the multilingual nature of Botswana society. Furthermore, although not explicitly stated, the use of other languages was, in effect, prohibited, especially in the school setting and other official arenas. Whereas the government undertook deliberate measures to promote the use of Setswana, no efforts were made by the government to cater for other languages spoken in Botswana. As a result, some of the latter languages have died out whilst others have survived. This paper examines some of the steps that members of the groups that speak these marginalised languages have taken in their quest to develop and maintain their languages. The discussion in this paper considers the six strategies proposed by David Crystal (2000) as some of the ways that speakers of endangered languages could ensure their survival. Deprived of any government support, the speakers of these languages initiated some processes that have seen some significant developments. These include the development of orthographies, the translation of the Bible into these languages and the publication of other written resources in these languages. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/602 Files in this item: 1
Mooko_JMMD_2006.pdf (1.181Mb) -
Lekoko, R.; Merwe, M. (Springer Netherlands. http://www.springerlink.com, May NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Growth in rural communities, along with attendant changes in social, economic and environmental conditions, challenges members of these communities to take even more responsibility for their lives than in the past. While there is a need to promote sustainable economic prosperity, it is important that developmental approaches should not compromise the potential of citizens to meet these challenges independently. The present contribution is based on a phenomenological study that explored approaches to community development in Botswana. One of the key findings was that these were dominated by a bureaucratized welfare scheme, as the government gave free food and farming implements to poor people in an approach referred to as atlhama-o-je (‘open-your-mouth-and-eat’). The present contribution reflects on the consequences of using this type of approach, arguing that instead of bringing real hope to the rural poor, it generated counterproductive attitudes. In conclusion, the authors suggest alternative strategies that take account of the life experiences of the rural poor and render them less dependent on government intervention for their well-being. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/552 Files in this item: 1
Lekoko_RE_2006.pdf (625.9Kb) -
Onyewadume, I.U. (Human Kinetics http://www.humankinetics.com, July NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This study compared the fitness of Black African early adolescents with and without mild mental retardation. Participants included 30 purposively selected early adolescent Black Africans with mild mental retardation aged 11-14 from three schools for children with mild mental retardation in Southern Botswana and 30 randomly selected early adolescents of similar ages without mental retardation. Participants were assessed on a number of standard fitness variables including the Rockport Walk Test. In general, when compared to participants without mental retardation, participants with mild mental retardation exhibited low levels of fitness. Based on study results, the Ministry of Education is called upon to urgently put in place policies and programs that would reverse the low level of fitness among adolescents with mild mental retardation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/709 Files in this item: 1
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Monyatsi, P.P. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, August NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The development of staff in any organization in order to attain quality results is a sine qua non. The human resource of any organization, including schools and colleges is central to its effectiveness. What matters is the model that is used to enable the development of staff, in this case the development of teachers in secondary schools. This article argues that the school-based workshops as a component of staff development in the schools is the most effective due to several reasons, among them, the contextuality of the approach, it needs-driven nature, and the collaboration and teamwork that are its hallmark. Apart from the above, the study highlights some advantages that accrue such as being costeffective and time saving and not being disruptive to the teaching and learning processes. The study combines both the qualitative and quantitative approaches to research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/987 Files in this item: 1
Monyatsi_ERR_2006.pdf (916.2Kb) -
Kamwendo, G. H. (Southern African Comparative and History of Education Society (SACHES). http://www.journals.co.za/ej/ejour_sare.html, October NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: During the first 30 years of Malawi’s independence (1964-1994), the country was under President Hastings Kamuzu Banda’s one-party authoritarian rule. In line with Banda’s nation-building ideology, Malawi pursued the policy of one nation, one party (the Malawi Congress Party), one leader (Life President Banda) and one national language (Chichewa). Despite the fact that Malawi is multilingual and multiethnic, the Banda regime created a political atmosphere under which non-Chewa ethnic and/or linguistic identities were suppressed. A political system was established that muzzled academic and other freedoms. Academia, for instance, was deprived of its critical and objective voice. The then only university, the University of Malawi, was carefully monitored to ensure that so-called subversive disciplines or topics were not on offer. Sociolinguistic research was one of the academic disciplines that did not enjoy meaningful academic freedom. The demise of the Banda regime in 1994 and the adoption of a new constitution that embraces various freedoms (including academic freedom) have meant that there are no longer political constraints on academic freedom. However, new forms of constraint on academic freedom have arisen. These are economic constraints, many emanating from the research-funding agencies’ agendas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1106 Files in this item: 1
Kamwendo_SAREEP_2006.pdf (99.15Kb) -
Kamwendo, G.H.; Mooko, T. (Walter de Gruyter, http://www.degruyter.de, November NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The article discusses language planning in two Southern African countries, Botswana and Malawi. Both countries are multilingual and multicultural. They also share a common British colonial history. At independence, the two countries retained English as the official language. In Botswana, Setswana was made the national language while in Malawi, it was Chichewa. Over the years, these languages have been developed and promoted at the expense of other indigenous languages, a situation that has prompted linguistic minorities to engage in the language-based politics of recognition. The article discusses how Botswana and Malawi are responding to the call for the official recognition of more indigenous languages in domains such as government, education, and mass media. Relevant comparisons and contrasts between Botswana and Malawi are drawn in this regard in the article. One clear common denominator is the dominance of English in official domains in the two countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/829 Files in this item: 1
Kamwendo_IJSL_2006.pdf (1.340Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (Routledge http://www.informaworld.com, November NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Lifelong learning has come to be internationally recognized as a framework in the development of sustainable education. However, in spite of rhetoric and its endorsement in some nations' policy documents, lifelong learning is not operationalized and Africa continues to be plagued by social maladies such as HIV/AIDS, capacity poverty, low quality education, global marginalization and ineffective governance. The article argues that post-colonial Africa transited from concern with service delivery, went through structural adjustment policies to focusing on African renaissance. It indicates that some countries have embraced lifelong learning as policy framework but have not made sufficient efforts to translate that in their teaching and learning. It contents that lifelong learning in Africa can only be effective if African communities are encouraged to make concerted efforts to embrace principles such as deliberative democracy, multiculturalism, decentralization of decision-making and helping to redirect the agenda of civil society as a way to use lifelong learning to enhance public participation in Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/727 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_IJLE_2006.pdf (976.5Kb) -
Moswela, B. (Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/TF/02601370.html, November NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This article focused on the training needs of serving teachers for the enhancement of school performances. It sought to achieve this by involving a selected group of teachers and head teachers in the completion of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was reinforced by interviews conducted on a few teachers and head teachers. The study concluded that for teacher development programmes to achieve their intended goal of improving the teaching and learning processes, they should of necessity be based on the actual problems teachers encounter in the classroom. Not only should in-service programmes target teachers, but head teachers also need training on an ongoing basis to strengthen their managerial skills. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/207 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Moswela_IJLE_2006.pdf (1.865Mb) -
Mahgoub, S.E.; Lesoli, P.P.; Gobotswang, K. (Rural Outreach Program. http://www.bioline.org., NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Food product labelling has become a popular policy tool, particularly with respect to the provision of nutrition and health information. Nutrition labelling is a valuable tool in learning how to apply nutrition information in a practical way. Nutrition information on food labels can help consumers to choose healthier food. For companies competing in the global food and beverage marketplace, understanding local consumer attitudes and purchase behaviour regarding healthy foods, nutrition, and labelling is critically important for success. This study attempts to evaluate the level of knowledge and use of nutrition information on food packages among consumers in Maseru, Lesotho. A structured questionnaire, covering aspects of knowledge and use of food labels and nutrition information, was used to collect information from two hundred and sixty consumers. The study also included open-ended questions on what consumers expected to be on the food label, what they understand by nutrition information, what its importance is, and if they think it should be included on the food package labels and why. The findings indicate that the main demographic features of the participants were: 67.3% female, 59.6% married, 55.9% completed primary, middle or high school, and 68.4% were poor. Majority (71.2%) of the participants claimed that they use a shopping list. Less than half of the participants (40.5%) indicated that nutrition information on food labels, rather than price, taste, appearance, habit, convenience, or brand name, was their main motivator to purchase foods. With regard to food label and nutrition information knowledge, a majority of the participants said they knew about them (59.6% for food label knowledge, and 69.2% for nutrition information knowledge). The same trend has been observed with respect to use of nutrition information on food labels when shopping, where 63.8% claimed that they utilise that knowledge when shopping. For the lowest income group, food price was the major determining factor of the types of foods they buy. A positive relationship between age of participants and nutrition information knowledge was observed. It was noted that as the level of education increased, the level of knowledge about food label increased. The level and use of nutrition knowledge when purchasing foods increased with age, education level and family income. Answers to the open-ended questions showed high degree of awareness about nutrition information on food labels, and why it is important to utilise that information. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/580 Files in this item: 1
Gobotswang_AJFAND_2007.pdf (539.9Kb) -
Shehu, J.; Mokgwathi, M.M. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The thesis of this article is that national sport and recreation policies constitute a pedagogical problematic, as they are texts bound to specific meaning and learning, with potential to impact on roles and subjectivities. As such, it is crucially important for physical education scholars to adopt a critical stance towards them, opening up the assumptions, intentions and social relations they embody to a profound and sensitive engagement. Ultimately, such a stance has broader implications for intelligible formulation and translation of polices into culturally sensitive practice. Using discourse analysis, a methodology grounded in poststructuralism, the National Sport and Recreation Policy for Botswana is examined for its ideological and epistemological rationale. The analysis presented in this article underscores the need for a reflective and reflexive attitude towards recreation policies, which seem to be taken for granted in postcolonial societies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/524 Files in this item: 1
Shehu_SES_2007.pdf (1.047Mb)