Browsing by Author "Kgathi, D.L."
Now showing items 1-7 of 7
-
Kgathi, D.L.; Ngwenya, B.N. (Botswana Society, http://www.botsoc.org.bw, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines the impact of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Ngamiland over the past ten years. It shows that CBNRM has made some strides in strengthening and creating new organisations/ institutions, empowering local communities, creating social networks and improving the institutional capacity of community trusts. Communities receive benefits from employment opportunities, social infrastructure, provision of transport, and assistance on meeting the costs of funerals. However, the contribution of most of the benefits to livelihood diversification is limited as they mainly accrue to the communities rather than individuals. The programme faces many challenges, such as limited institutional capacity for running organizations, insecurity of tenure, stakeholder conflicts, mismanagement of funds, and problems of how to use and equitably distribute the financial benefits to individual households. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/965 Files in this item: 1
Kgathi2005 CBNRM.pdf (2.852Mb) -
Mbaiwa, J. E.; Ngwenya, B.N.; Kgathi, D.L. (Blackwell http://www.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2008.00332.x, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper reviews how state policy and regulatory instruments, including protected area alienations and concessions, have altered or denied the access to land and natural livelihood resources of the indigenous Basarwa and minority subsistence-oriented communities in the Okavango Delta (OD) in Botswana. Drawing on field research and guided by a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, the paper provides an overview of key institutional interventions – in particular the setting up of the Moremi Game Reserve, Wildlife Conservation Policy, Tourism Policy, Agricultural Development Policy and the erection of veterinary fences – that have served to privilege a foreign-owned and dominated commercialized wildlife and nature tourism sector and the export-oriented beef industry in the OD. The officially sanctioned barriers to customary and usufructory rights and access, and the non-recognition of historically embedded traditional land uses have decimated already marginalized resource-based subsistence livelihoods, and precipitated intergroup conflicts over preferential rights and access to resources and opportunities, notably wildlife, non-timber veld products, agriculture and community-based tourism schemes. Such outcomes, moreover, will have consequences for the longer-term sustainability of the OD both as a socioeconomic resource base and as a natural ecosystem. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/483 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa_SJTG__2008.pdf (966.6Kb) -
Ngwenya, B.N.; Kgathi, D.L. (Elsevier Ltd; www.elsevier.com/locate/pce, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This case study investigates access to potable water in HIV/AIDS related home-based care households in five rural communities in Ngamiland, Botswana. Primary data collected from five villages, consisted of two parts. The first survey collected household data on demographic and rural livelihood features and impacts of HIV/AIDS. A total of 129 households were selected using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. In the second survey, a total of 39 family primary and community care givers of continuously ill, bed-ridden or non-bed-ridden HIV/AIDS patients were interviewed. A detailed questionnaire, with closed and open-ended questions, was used to collect household data. In addition to using the questionnaire, data was also collected through participant observation, informal interviews and secondary sources. The study revealed that there are several sources of water for communities in Ngamiland such as off-plot, outdoor (communal) and on-plot outdoor and/or indoor (private) water connections, as well as other sources such as bowsed water, well-points, boreholes and open perennial/ephemeral water from river channels and pans. There was a serious problem unreliable water supply caused by, among other things, the breakdown of diesel-powered water pumps, high frequency of HIV/AIDS related absenteeism, and the failure of timely delivery of diesel fuel. Some villages experienced chronic supply disruptions while others experienced seasonal or occasional water shortages. Strategies for coping with unreliability of water supply included economizing on water, reserve storage, buying water, and collection from river/dug wells or other alternative sources such as rain harvesting tanks in government institutions. The unreliability of water supply resulted in an increase in the use of water of poor quality and other practices of poor hygiene as well as a high opportunity cost of water collection. In such instances, bathing of patients was cut from twice daily to once or not at all. Depending on the severity of HIV/AIDS related symptoms, e.g. diarrhoea, 20-80 additional litres of water could be required daily. The case study demonstrates that, at individual level, access to water is an integral element of the patient's holistic healing process and psychosocial well being. At household and community levels, access to sufficient supplies of potable water when and where it is needed is central to mitigation of HIV/AIDS impacts. Access to water should therefore not be treated strictly as an economic good due to its importance as a basic human need, a social good and indeed a human right. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/172 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)ngwenya_kgathi_PCE_06.pdf (4.416Mb) -
Mmopelwa, G.; Kgathi, D.L.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Thukuza, A. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Water supply in Maun is unreliable and unpredictable, and most households experience water shortage all year round. Coping strategies for households include water storage in tanks. Water quality is also poor due to its salty taste, presence of sediments and colour. The majority of households have henceforth embarked on coping strategies such as buying bottled water. On average, households spend about P71 per month as avoidance cost. A contingent valuation method assessment was carried out and it was found that the mean maximum household’s willingness to pay for a water quality improvement fund was P55 per month. Chemical analysis carried out on water samples from the study area confirm that the water has high electrical conductivity, sediments, colour, and iron and manganese levels. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/938 Files in this item: 1
Mmopelwa 2005 House.pdf (1.540Mb) -
Kgathi, D.L.; Bolaane, B. (Sage http://wmr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/342, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Sustainable solid waste management is a strategy for achieving environmental quality in both the developed and the developing world. Environmental quality is a necessary condition for an increase in per capita welfare over time. The paper suggests alternative instruments for solid waste reduction, re-use and recycling. But to be able to apply the suggested economic instruments, the quantities and composition of the waste must be known. Having identified the current instruments of Botswana’s solid waste management (regulatory measures, environmental education, and economic instruments of property rates, service levy, and sanitation fees), the paper argues that these do not go far enough in enhancing environmental protection. Alternative instruments such as solid waste collection and disposal levies, deposit refund schemes, and product levies are suggested. It is also suggested that public environmental education and regulatory measures should be strengthened. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/480 Files in this item: 1
Kgathi_WMR_2001.pdf (1.278Mb) -
Kgathi, D.L.; Kniveton, D.; Ringrose, S.; Turton, A.R.; Vanderpost, C.; Lundqvist, J.; Seely, M. (Elsevier; www.elsevier.com/locate/jhydrol, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Okavango basin comprises the Cuito and Cubango active catchment areas in Angola, in addition to the Kavango's Okavango non-active catchment in northern Namibia and Botswana. The Okavango River water and its ecosystem resources are critically important sources of livelihoods for people in the basin. Pressures from livelihoods and development are already impacting on the environment. These pressures may increase in the future due to the rapid increase in population, the peace process and associated resettlement activities in Angola, and major development initiatives in Botswana and Namibia. For instance, possible future increase in water abstraction from the Okavango River may affect the long-term environmental sustainability of the Okavango Delta by minimizing channel shifting and thereby reducing spatial biodiversity. The paper argues that while conservation of the natural environment is critical, the pressing development needs must be recognized. The reduction of poverty within the basin should be addressed in order to alleviate adverse effects on the environment. The paper recommends that the development of sustainable tourism and community-based natural resource management initiatives may be appropriate strategies for reaching the Millennium Development Goals of poverty alleviation and achievement of environmental sustainability in the Okavango Basin. These initiatives have a comparative advantage in this area as demonstrated by the performance of the existing projects. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/154 Files in this item: 2
kgathi_j_hydrology_2006.pdf (6.004Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Mmopelwa, G.; Kgathi, D.L.; Molefhe, L. (Elsevier http://www.linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0261517706001440, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Moremi game reserve (MGR) in northern Botswana is one of southern Africa’s most popular destination because of its impressive wildlife and wilderness areas. To maintain the wilderness nature of the park and game reserve, the Government has pursued a policy of high cost-low volume which is not necessarily based on demand and supply characteristics of the tourist market. The present study determines the perceptions of self-drive tourists and clients of mobile tour operators on the prevailing park fees in MGR and uses the contingent valuation method to determine their willingness to pay (WTP) for park fees under a management scenario in which the management of the game reserve would be improved by a hypothetical international conservation organization. Data collection involved a self-fill of a questionnaire by these tourists in the game reserve. In the first scenario the mean entrance and camping suggested by nonresidents was higher than the prevailing fee. Residents suggested a lower entrance fee. In the hypothetical scenario, the mean maximum WTP for entrance and camping fee for South African and overseas tourists were higher than in the first scenario. There was a significant difference in the WTP for entrance fee between overseas tourists and South African tourists (p<0.05). Overall expenditure was significantly related to the WTP for increased park fees. The paper concludes by suggesting improvement in the MGR’s facilities for better satisfaction of tourists. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/481 Files in this item: 1
Mmopelwa_TM_2007.pdf (1.545Mb)
Now showing items 1-7 of 7