Browsing by Title
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Maruatona, T. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, November 23, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: The article argues that, historically, universities have served a select few individuals as part of modernist not transformative agenda. This highly selective process guarantees students good life. The article argues that university education helps to redress colonial inequities through creating opportunities for graduate employability. However, university education has also served conflicting roles of adhering to the global capitalist imperative and attempting to inculcate social inclusion in developing nations. The roles of university-based adult education is analyzed in terms of its curricula, teaching, and research to demonstrate that adult education serves officialdom and has strayed from the initial adult education focus of social transformation. Drawing some illustrations from the Department of Adult Education at the University of Botswana, the article argues that programs serve state interests through engaging in a neoliberal modernist curriculum that excludes the learners. Finally, it is suggested that adult education should rethink the curricula, strengthen civil society, and mobilize community for social transformation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1048 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_JCHE_2010.pdf (1.952Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (SAGE Publications http://jds.sagepub.com, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: While the western powers credit globalization with facilitating development, Africa continues to face challenges such as poverty, low quality education, HIV/AIDS, and ineffective governance. This article provides an overview of African development since independence arguing that the African states shifted from their service-based policy agenda of the 1960s during the boom and bust period in the 1970s and 1980s, experienced the drastic effects of structural adjustments in the 1990s, and are now attempting to pursue an African renaissance agenda. It demonstrates how adult educators can help create deliberative democracy by working with civil society to engage African communities in public discourse and empower the citizenry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/696 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_JDS_2006.pdf (1.596Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (SAGE, http://www.sagepublications.com, March NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: While the western powers credit globalization with facilitating development, Africa continues to face challenges such as poverty, low quality education, HIV/AIDS, and ineffective governance. This article provides an overview of African development since independence arguing that the African states shifted from their service-based policy agenda of the 1960s during the boom and bust period in the 1970s and 1980s, experienced the drastic effects of structural adjustments in the 1990s, and are now attempting to pursue an African renaissance agenda. It demonstrates how adult educators can help create deliberative democracy by working with civil society to engage African communities in public discourse and empower the citizenry. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/658 Files in this item: 1
MARUATONA_JDS_2006.pdf (1.959Mb) -
Ranganai, R.T.; Ebinger, C.J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jappgeo, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Aeromagnetic (AM) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from the south-central Zimbabwe Craton have been processed for the purpose of regional structural mapping and thereby to develop strategic models for groundwater exploration in hard-rock areas. The lineament density is greater on TM than on AM images, partly due to the resolution of the different datasets, and also because not all TM lineaments have a magnetic signature. The derived maps reveal several previously undetected lineaments corresponding to dykes, faults, shear zones and/or tectonically-related joints, striking predominantly NNE, NNW and WNW. We suggest the possible hydrogeological significance of some of these patterns as follows: the aeromagnetic data can be used to map faults and fractures of considerable depth which are likely to be open groundwater conduits at depth (typically under tension), while TM lineaments, although not necessarily open (mostly under compression), represent recharge areas. The interpreted persistent lineation and well developed fracture patterns are correlated with existing boreholes and indicate a spatial relationship between regional structures and high borehole yields (N3 m3/h). This relationship is combined with other lithological and hydrogeological information to identify potential regional groundwater sites for detailed ground investigations. These are defined as dyke margins, faults, fractures/joints or intersections of any combination of these structures. Priority should be given to coincident AM/TM lineaments (e.g., NNW and NNE fractures) and continuous structures with large catchment areas (e.g., NNE and WNW faults). The late Archaean (2.6 Ga) granites are considered the most favourable unit because of their associated long and deep brittle fractures between numerous bornhardts (inselbergs) and kopjes. Several small-scale TM lineaments also form important local sources of groundwater for hand-dug wells. Based on measured rock susceptibilities from the area, we present a model of the typical magnetic responses from the possible groundwater exploration targets. The developed magnetic model could be applicable to similar terrains in other Archaean Cratons. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/341 Files in this item: 1
Ranaganai_JAG_2008.pdf (3.168Mb) -
The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) trade regime: Opportunities and challenges for BotswanaMokhawa, G.; Osei-Hwedie, B. (Botswana Society, http://www.botsoc.org.bw, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: For a long time now, African countries have been demanding increased trade with the developed economies of the West as a means to promote economic development. 'Trade not aid,' has become the hallmark of this demand. Increased trade is to be realized through preferential access to developed economies markets, especially in manufactured goods. It is hoped that exports of manufactured goods would propel industrialization and help diversify economies away from traditional raw material exports. The USA has responded to Africa's demands through the Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) that allows Africa access to the world's biggest and most lucrative market. This article examines the objectives of, and benefits under, AGOA with a view to analysing the opportunities it creates for Botswana's economic diversification into manufacturing, especially in the case of textiles and apparel industries; and the challenges it poses for Botswana. Analysis of the challenges help us to highlight not only Botswana's internal weaknesses and problems but also that of the AGOA provisions, as well as pose the question of who benefits, helping us unravel the US motives behind AGOA. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/967 Files in this item: 1
Mokhawa_BNR_2003.pdf (2.220Mb) -
Maundeni, T. (Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: This article draws on existing literature and a field study conducted by the writer to explore the problems faced by African females when studying abroad. A comparative perspective is adopted and, whilst it is recognised that women are particularly disadvantaged in general, the principal thesis is that African women are particularly disadvantaged, especially when they undertake studies abroad. The article describes and analyses the disadvantages faced by women broadly throughout the world, by African women in general and in education in particular, and the difficulties they face when studying abroad. The implications for policy practice and research are considered and some short-and long-term strategies suggested whereby improvements could be effected. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/896 Files in this item: 1
Maundeni_GE_1999.pdf (831.7Kb) -
Jankie, D. (National Council of Teachers of English, http://www.ncte.org/, December NaN, 1990)[more][less]
Abstract: Suggests using Mtutuzeli Matshoba's "Call Me Not a Man" as the central text in a unit on oppression to help students understand and make them better able to respond to oppression. Provides key questions for structuring the unit to help students consider aspects of oppression that they might otherwise neglect. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1122 Files in this item: 1
Jankie_TEJ_1990.pdf (766.5Kb) -
Mapeo, R.B.M.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Armstrong, R.A. (Geological Society of South Africa. http://sajg.geoscienceworld.org/, June NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The Precambrian rocks of northern Botswana comprise poorly exposed igneous complexes, high-grade metamorphic rocks, as well as sedimentary sequences including mainly siliciclastic and carbonate rocks. New U-Pb SHRIMP data are presented for detrital zircons from siliciclastic rocks collected from the Shakawe area in northern Botswana. These data show three main age groups at c. 1020 Ma, 1090 Ma, and 2050 Ma which support contentions for local provenance of the sediments. They also fix the maximum age of the deposition of these siliciclastic rocks at 1020 Ma. The results support field evidence suggesting that the siliciclastic rocks exposed in the Shakawe zone are part of the Ghanzi-Chobe Supergroup. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/371 Files in this item: 1
mapeodoc.pdf (1.611Mb) -
Malete, L. (SAGE Publications. http://spi.sagepub.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between family factors and secondary school students’ aggressive and antisocial behaviours. Participants were 1,478 junior and senior secondary school students from four major urban centres in Botswana, aged 12-20. Results showed significant prevalence of self-reported aggressive tendencies and antisocial behaviours among secondary school students in Botswana. Boys rated themselves higher on aggression, use of alcohol and drugs and carrying and using dangerous weapons compared to girls. High scores on antisocial and aggressive behaviours were significantly related to poor parent-child relations and low parental monitoring. The results are consistent with findings from previous studies. The findings have important implications to violence prevention programs for children and adolescents. Suggestions for future research and the development of intervention programs are made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/514 Files in this item: 1
Malete_SPI_2007.pdf (1.520Mb) -
Otlogetswe, T.J.; Bagwasi, M.M. (University of Botswana, Department of English, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper explores the linguistic contexts, uses and meanings of the colour terms ntsho (black) and tshweu (white) in Setswana. Using a corpus data, the paper argues that the two terms display cultural and linguistic meanings which are sometimes lacking in Setswana dictionaries and certain translations. The analysis of the data reveals that the two colour terms collocate with a variety of other words in the language to result in a complex array of meanings. Further, the analysis reveals that while traditionally ntsho is associated with negative semantics, it is used in a variety of senses to celebrate heroes and heroines in Setswana culture. In a similar way, tshweu has ngative senses in certain limited contexts. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/856 Files in this item: 1
Otlogetswe_MJLL_2008.pdf (2.264Mb) -
Rao, M.V.C. (University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper describes a new method of determining the feedback coefficients in a state variable feedback system, given the closed loop transfer function, making use of the transfer function between different and relevant points in the feedback configuration used to realize the desired closed loop transfer function, formulas that can be repetitively used to determine the feedback coefficients are desired. The usefulness and simplicity of these methods are demostrated by illustrative examples where the plant has complex poles, coincident poles and zeros and even when the plant is unstable. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/756 Files in this item: 1
Rao_BJT_2000.pdf (976.8Kb) -
Mekgwe, P.; Smith, A.M. (Indiana University Press, www.iupress.indiana.edu, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Acclaimed Edinburgh-based author Alexander McCall Smith is a professor of Medical Law and a prolific fiction writer. He has written over fifty books. It is, however, with the fictional character Ma-Ramotswe that his name is most readily associated. Ma-Ramotswe is the protagonist in McCall Smith’s Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series, which comprises six novels to date. The seventh and last in the series, Blue Shoes and Happiness, is to be released in 2006. The Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series is widely read in thirty-two languages across the world. The novels are set in Botswana, where McCall Smith was previously in the Department of Law at the University of Botswana. The author retains a strong relationship with the country and its people. In July 2004, Alexander McCall Smith visited Gaborone, Botswana, to begin work on adapting The Ladies No. 1 Detective Agency series into a film. In this interview with Pinkie Mekgwe, McCall Smith talks about the importance of creating a character who represents “all that is fine in the human condition” in an era and geopolitical space where nihilism reigns. The author opens up on his life, work, awards, and future possibilities. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/968 Files in this item: 1
Mekgwe_RAL_2006.pdf (1.127Mb) -
Chuma, J.M. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: A dielectric loaded rectangular cavity for the design and realisation of different elliptic function filters topologies is presented. The 3-D Transmission Linee modelling method (TLM) is applied to the analysis of the cavity to obtain the resonant frequencies and couplings between the rectangular cavities. As an application to the analysis, a 4-pole elliptic function filter is designed and measured results presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/701 Files in this item: 1
Chuma_BJT_2006.pdf (800.6Kb) -
Nair, S.; Vokolkova, V.; Abadjieva, T.; Michalek, J. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The percentage of students, especially women in engineering, is very low in Botswana and the country is still heavily dependent upon foreign human resources.The objective of this research has been to study the gender differences in education,which might have caused the current poor representation of women in engineering.The secondary school results of 749 students were statistically analyzed per gender.Three main factors were identified by factor analysis:The science-ability, the general aptitude and the memory ability factor.As to the general aptitude and the memory ability,it was found that no statistically significant difference between boys and girls exists.However, there is a difference in the science-ability factor. To strengthen this factor for girls,it requires to make the study of mathematics and science courses attractive to girls at early stage so that they are not limited in their options at the level of secondary education and thus in their career choice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/647 Files in this item: 1
Nair_BJT_2000.pdf (1.021Mb) -
Nair, S.; Vokolkova, V.; Abadjieva, T. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The percentage of students, especially women in engineering, is very low in Botswana and the country is still heavily dependent upon foreign human resources. The objective of this research has been to study the gender differences in education, which might have caused the current poor representation of women in engineering.The secondary school results of 749 students were statistically analyzed per gender. Three main factors were identified by factor analysis: the science ability, the general aptitude and the memory ability factor.As to the general-aptitude and memory ability factor, it was found that no statistically significant difference between boys and girls exists. However, there is a difference in the science-ability factor. To strengthen this factor for girls, it requires to make the studies of Mathematics and Science courses attractive to girls at early stage so that they are not limited in their options at the level of secondary education and thus in their career choice. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/624 Files in this item: 1
Nair_BJT_2000.pdf (1.543Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (Florida International University, http://education.fiu.edu/newhorizons, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This manuscript documents the perceptions of teachers and learners towards the Regenerated Freirean Literacy Empowerment and Community Techniques (REFLECT) approach in the delivery of literacy in Ngamiland District, Botswana. It suggests that REFLECT changed the perceptions, lives, and work experiences of learners and teachers. REFLECT caused teachers to recognize learners’ knowledge and experiences. It enabled teachers to experience professional growth and engage in democratic practices and encouraged learners to make personal and group choices and take action against certain undesirable practices, such as alcoholism and the sale of beer to minors. The study argues that, compared to REFLECT, the current national literacy program is centralized and has minimal impact on participants. However, as implemented in the pilot project, REFLECT also had limitations, such as failing to generate practical solutions, demanding too much time from participants, and using poorly qualified teachers. These challenges could be addressed and REFLECT should be adopted to train regular literacy teachers nation-wide. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1100 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_NHAEHRD_2008.pdf (1.804Mb) -
Kizza, Sarah; Totolo, Otlogetswe; Perkins, Jeremy; Areola, Olusegun (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, December 4, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the depletion of soil nutrients with time on abandoned kraals in a peri-urban area of Botswana. Active kraals are enriched with nutrients through the accumulation of animal droppings and this study was aimed at assessing how long the impact of this soil nutrient enrichment persists after kraal abandonment. A total of 25 disused kraals, that had been abandoned for periods ranging from 1 to 45 years were sampled. The soil parameters analyzed included particle size distribution (%), bulk density (g/cm3), pore space (%), moisture content (%), pH in water and KCl solution, EC (μS/cm), organic matter (%), CEC (meq/100g), exchangeable Ca++(cmolc/kg), Mg++(cmolc/kg), K+(cmolc/kg), Na+ (cmolc/kg), nitrogen [NH4-N (mg/kg), NO3-N (mg/kg), TKN (%), and Olsen P (mg/kg). Results showed that soil nutrient concentrations on abandoned kraals generally were significantly higher than at the control sites. Soil nutrient concentrations decreased with time as abandoned kraals retrogressed towards their pre-kraal conditions. However, the effects of soil nutrient enrichment from animal wastes persist long after kraal abandonment. For example, soil Olsen P, Ca++ and Mg++ levels in kraal sites that had been abandoned for over 45 years were still significantly higher than in the control sites. In a pastoral system such as is practiced in Botswana where kraal manure is not used as soil amendment, the whole ecosystem suffers as soil nutrients are transferred and concentrated at isolated spots (kraals). Description: Full Length Research Paper URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1016 Files in this item: 1
Kizza et al.pdf (696.1Kb) -
Nenty, H.J. (Kamla-Raj Enterprises, http://www.krepublishers.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Student learning is influenced by many factors which educational research is tasked to determine and feed into the teaching-learning process to enhance its effectiveness. Several studies with different populations have determined that that to which a learner attributes his or her performance significantly influences such performance. To determine some of the factors that significantly impact upon students’ causal attribution of their performance on mathematics, this study ana1ysed, using chi-square (c2) statistics, survey research data from 717 Form D (Form 4) students from 30 randomly selected secondary schools in the Kingdom of Lesotho. The results showed that while gender of students had no significant influence on students attribution of their performance in mathematics, the person with whom the students were living, students’ preferred occupation after school, type of proprietor of schools, and preferred classroom seating zone during mathematics lesson, each had significant influence on this variable. Based on these results, appropriate discussions and recommendations were made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1094 Files in this item: 1
Nenty_JSS_2010.pdf (648.2Kb) -
Kizza, S; Areola, O (Academic Journals, November NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of the accumulation of animal wastes on the soils of active kraal sites through time. This investigation involved the sampling and analysis of the soils of kraals that had been in use for periods ranging from 2 to over 45 years. Soil sampling and analysis were done both in the dry and wet seasons for comparative purposes. The properties of the kraal soils were compared with those of control sites. Samples were taken from 25 kraals categorized into 5 age (length of use) groups: < 5years; 6 - 10; 11 - 20; 21 - 40; > 40 years. The soils were sampled at two depths, 0 – 15 and 15 – 35 cm. Soil parameters analyzed included particle size distribution (%), bulk density (g/cm3), pore space (%), moisture content (%), pH in water and in potassium chloride solution, EC (μS/cm), organic matter (%), CEC (meq/100g), exchangeable bases: Ca++(cmolc/kg), Mg++(cmolc/kg), K+(cmolc/kg), Na+(cmolc/kg); nitrogen: NH4-N (mg/kg), NO3-N (mg/kg), TKN (%), and Olsen P (mg/kg). Results showed a direct correlation between length of active kraal utilization and impact of animal waste concentration on the soil with correlation coefficients as high as r = 0.99 and r = 0.95 for pH and OM respectively. Nutrient levels in kraal soils of all ages were significantly higher (P = 0.05) than those of the control site soils. Most nutrient elements showed increases ranging from about 2 - 30 times greater than in the control site soils. Soil nutrient levels were higher in the dry season than in the wet season. The nutrient enrichment in the kraals extended deep into the soil, at least, to the 35 cm depth. The organic and nutrient enrichments of the soils also had very positive effects on soil moisture and structural characteristics. However, this highly localized nutrient enrichment of kraal soils is detrimental to the long term sustainability of arid ecosystems and soil productivity. The nutrients concentrated in kraals have been harvested from the surrounding areas by grazing animals and transferred to the kraal sites. In a situation of sedentary kraaling that exists in semi arid lands of Botswana where rotation of kraal sites or the harvesting of animal manure from kraals for use as soil manure is not commonly practiced, the concentration of soil nutrients at scattered kraal spots causes an imbalance in the spatial pattern of soil and plant productivity in the arid land ecosystem. The entire ecosystem is made poorer by this phenomenon. Description: Full Length Research Paper URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1095 Files in this item: 1
Kizza and 0Areola.pdf (293.8Kb) -
Abusukhon, A.; Talib, M. (The Science and Information Organization Inc., http://ijacsa.thesai.org/, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: In parallel (IR) systems, where a large-scale collection is indexed and searched, the query response time is limited by the time of the slowest node in the system. Thus distributing the load equally across the nodes is very important issue. Mainly there are two methods for collection indexing, namely document-based and term-based indexing. In term-based partitioning, the terms of the global index of a large-scale data collection are distributed or partitioned equally among nodes, and then a given query is divided into sub-queries and each sub-query is then directed to the relevant node. This provides high query throughput and concurrency but poor parallelism and load balance. In this paper, we introduce new methods for terms partitioning and then we compare the results from our methods with the results from the previous work with respect to load balance and query response time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1068 Files in this item: 1
Talib_IJACSA_2011.pdf (325.8Kb)