Browsing by Title
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Mnjama, N.M. (Archlib and Information Services, http:/www.hwwilson.com/journals, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: This article provides a summary of the major issues addressed during the general conferences of the Eastern and Southern African Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA) held between 1969 and 2005. It discusses some of the major resolutions passed during the general conferences showing the progress that has been made in implementing them within ESARBICA member states. The article concludes by suggesting that, as a professional association, ESARBICA has been a major instrument in the development of archives and records management programmes and services in the region. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/758 Files in this item: 1
Mnjama_AJLAIS_2007.pdf (896.6Kb) -
Matshediso, I.B. (Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VBM-4HMXJJS-1-1&_cdi=5930&_user=778200&_orig=search&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2005&_sk=999699996&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkWb&md5=2b0e6a95538c49f439dba7e43fe1ee22&ie=/sdarticle.pdf, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana’s mineral policy objective is primarily to maximize the national economic benefit from the development of mineral resources. In 1999, the government replaced the old mining code of 1977, which was out of tune with prevailing economic philosophies with a new mining code. Although, the old act had its shortcomings it served the country reasonably well for 20 years, during which time the country was transformed from being one of the poorest of the world’s poor to a middle income country. One of the cornerstones of the new and old mining codes is that government does not subscribe to privately owned minerals rights. The Botswana government attempts to provide a fair balance between the various stakeholders. There are, however, areas in the mineral policy and mining codes that need to be critically reviewed as outlined in this paper. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/377 Files in this item: 1
Matshediso_RP_2005.pdf (616.8Kb) -
Matshediso, I.B. (University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Although most SADC countries have or were in the process of liberalizing their legislation and fiscal regimes some member states seemed to levy exorbitant tax rates. SADC members’ states need to note that in designing the optimum tax regime for their respective countries a balance will have to be struck between all the role-players including the investor, government and the community. It is imperative that the tax regimes are designed to provide stability over time and are transparent, easy to administer and internationally competitive. Mining investors view taxation systems as a cost of doing business in a particular country. The effects of taxes can influence company decisions. It is therefore of paramount importance for SADC governments to design tax regimes which will allow the mining sector to get a return on investments which is commensurate with the capital outlay and risk. It is equally important that the mining business should play a key role to the socio-economic developments of the host country in terms of job markets, secondary industries, hospital, schools, skills development and education. The taxation level in SADC countries should be both comparable and competitive with other countries with similar geological potential and this is currently not the case. Chile offered investors the best fiscal regime when compared to the twelve selected SADC countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1107 Files in this item: 1
Matshediso_BJT_2004.pdf (1.076Mb) -
Nnyepi, M.S. (Medpharm Publications (Pty) Ltd., http://www.medpharm.co.za, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Objectives: The objectives of this study were to 1)to determine the proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at risk of developing malnutrition, 2) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, and 3)to describe the dietary intake and other nutrition parameters of PLWHA with membership in support groups. Design: Descriptive cross-sectionals study. Setting: Six support groups in Gaborone and neighboring locations. Subjects: Consenting, free- living HIV-positive adults 20-50 years of age with membership in support groups PLWHA. Outcome measures: The subjects' risk of developing malnutrition was established using a modified subjective global assessment (SGA)screening tool. Subjects with an SGA score ≥ 4 were classified as being at high risk of developing malnutrition. Results: From 145 PLWHA screened, 47.5% (n=69)were found to be at high risk of developing malnutrition (SGA score ≥ 4) and 28.5%(n=41) were malnourished (BMI <18.5 kg/m2). In the sample with SGA scores ≥ 4, 52.2% (n=35) presented with BMI <18.5 kg/m2. These two groups also reported more unintentional weight loss, gastrointestinal symptoms, and other conditions commonly associated with a high risk of developing malnutrition. PLWHA with membership in support groups also had low educational attainment and high unemployment rates. A total of 47% of subjects with an SGA score ≥ 4 needed food assistance. Conclusions: Almost 50% of PLWHA with membership in support groups for PLWHA are at risk of developing malnutrition, while about 30% have a BMI <18.5 kg/m2. Nutrition screening can also help to identify those PLWHA with BMI>18.5 kg/m2 who are still at high risk of developing malnutrition. Timely nutrition interventions can therefore be instituted in order to prevent deterioration in nutritional status. Description: Some symbols in the abstract may not be the same as in the original abstract. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/966 Files in this item: 1
Nnyepi_SAJCN_2009.pdf (495.9Kb) -
Hamandawana, H.; Chanda, R.; Eckardt, F. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/00207233.asp, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper draws on archival information, anecdotal evidence from local communities, in situ observations during field investigation and multi-date remotely sensed satellite imagery. The authors investigated the role of human factors in the degradation of natural resources in and around the Okavango Delta. Their study concerned a period slightly in excess of 140 years between 1860 and 2001. Environmental changes in this sub-region appear to be the convergent outcome of interaction between natural and non-natural factors. A sustained decrease in rainfall appears to have instigated downward trends from a wide range of factors whose adverse effects were aggravated by human agency. The evidence points to progressive deterioration in the form of sustained contraction of surface water sources and grazing resources. Mistakes of the past need to be avoided by formulating appropriately informed human response and adaptation strategies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/279 Files in this item: 1
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Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, www.academicjournals.org, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The study tries to find out the driving forces for ICTs adoption, benefits, ICTs tools and barriers to ICTs adoption by SMEs.The methodology adopted for the study was a survey method whereby a conveneince random sampling of 150 managers/owners of SMEs were selected for study in Gaborone, Botswana. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics. The findings of the study indicated that, SMEs have not fully adopted ICTs in their business process because of internal and external challenges. This study will make pertinent contribution to the existing literature and inspire managers to come up with appropriate strategies on how to adopt ICTs in their business process in order to be competitive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/845 Files in this item: 1
Ongorri_RJIT_2009.pdf (490.8Kb) -
Jain, P.; Bentley, G.; Oladiran, M.T. (May 14, 2013)[more][less]
Abstract: In this electronic publishing age, academic institutions including universities have increasingly recognised that an institutional repository (IR) is an essential infrastructure of scholarly dissemination. An IR is a digital research archive consisting of accessible collections of scholarly work that represent the intellectual capital of an institution. It is a means for institutions to manage the digital scholarship their communities produce, maximise access to research outputs both before and after publication and also to increase the visibility and academic prestige of both the institution and authors. This paper discusses the benefits and obstacles of setting up an IR, and librarians’ and authors’ roles in the successful management of an IR. As the strength and advantages of DS can only be maximized through effective IRs, the paper recommends that an IR be considered as the principal benchmark of digital scholarship. This paper was based on desk-top research/review of relevant literature and the authors’ observations and points of view. Description: A paper presented at African Digital Scholarship & Curation Conference on 12-14 May, 2009 at CSIR Conference Center, Pretoria, South Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1143 Files in this item: 1
Jain_Unpublished_2009.pdf (3.428Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Science Publications; ANSI Publications http://ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=jas, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Although strategic planning and information technology are key concepts in management research, they have been widely used in relation to only large firms. Only few studies attempted to examine the perceptions of small and medium enterprises (hereafter, SMEs) about the role of IT in strategy making. Moreover, these studies are of less significance for developing countries as the definition and environment of SMEs vary from developed to developing country. This article analyses the strategic use of microcomputers and software packages in corporate planning and decision-making in small and medium enterprises (hereafter, SMEs). Data were collected from 44 SMEs from 3 cities in the Republic of Botswana to study their perceptions about the use of computer-based technology to solve managerial problems, and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that SMEs in Botswana engaged in both strategic and operational planning activities. However, microcomputers and software packages were used primarily for operational and administrative tasks rather than for strategic planning. They perceive that strategic planning is costly, timeconsuming, and hence appropriate for only large firms. The study also showed that firm size and strategic orientation have direct and positive relation to the use of computer technology for strategic decision making. The major implication of the findings for future research has been identified and presented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/199 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_PJAS_2001.pdf (1.835Mb) -
Phaladze, N.A. (International Council of Nurses. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/inr;jsessionid=81ud25de419e.alexandra, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: In Botswana, there is dearth of literature on the role of nursing in health-care policy and resource allocation and yet nurses constitute the majority (85%) of health manpower. The health-care delivery system depends mostly on nurses for service provision. There were two main purposes of this study: first, to gather descriptive data from major key players (with particular emphasis on nurses) concerning knowledge of the policy process and resource allocation for management and care of clients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Botswana; and, second, to identify nurse characteristics (e.g. position, education, experience, job category) associated with motivation to influence healthcare policy in HIV/AIDS management and care in Botswana. A policy process conceptual framework was used to guide data collection and analysis. A case-study research method was used to conduct in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of 19 policy makers, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 95 registered nurses from six study sites in Botswana. The study findings indicate minimal participation of nurses in health-care policy process and resource allocation. The demographic variable of position was a predictor of the involvement of nurses in policy and in budgetary decisions. Both survey and interview data indicated that this minimal participation of nurses in the policy process resulted in implementation problems, thus compromising service provision. Implications of the findings for the nursing profession, nursing practice and policy, which address the importance of nurses’ involvement, are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/571 Files in this item: 1
Role of nurses.pdf (1.855Mb) -
Mosothwane, M. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, June NaN, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: This study examines the role played by secondary school mathematics teachers in the development of mathematics curriculum. It was conducted using a sample of sixty senior secondary school mathematics teachers. The findings of the study suggest that the majority of senior secondary school teachers’ play only a minor role in the development of the mathematics curriculum, but are active in the implementation and production stages. Subjects of the study reported that full participation in the development of the curriculum would help them to better implement the material because they would feel they ‘own’ it. Teachers use a variety of teaching methods and materials to promote effective learning. A stronger mathematics curriculum for senior secondary schools would emerge if teachers were encouraged to participate in the development process. A lack of teacher participation in the development of senior secondary school mathematics curriculum has implications for mathematics teaching, particularly now as Botswana build’s its first university of science and technology. One such implication is the possibility of weaker students finding their way into the university and thus lowering the overall quality of mathematics performance. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations in the hope that these will help curriculum development officers to involve more senior secondary school teachers in the development of mathematics curriculum so as to strengthen mathematics education in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1081 Files in this item: 1
Motsothwane_IJSRE_2012.pdf (1.608Mb) -
Ngowi, A.B. (Elsevier Ltd; http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/296/description#description, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The ensuing globalization of the construction industry as well as the highly fragmented and divisive nature of the industry are among the forces that are influencing it to seek management approaches such as strategic alliances that could leverage the capabilities of the various participants. This paper reports on a study that investigated the factors considered by firms when selecting alliance partners, and the influence of trustworthiness in deciding the governance structures of the alliances. A study of key partners in existing and potential construction alliances in Botswana that was carried out using a postal questionnaire and structured interviews determined that firms consider complementarity, similar status, indirect prior alliance experience and reputation before they make a selection of an alliance partner. The study also determined that partner trustworthiness eliminates the need of contractual clauses in the operation of the alliances. The paper concludes that trustworthiness of a partner is an influencing factor in all stages of the alliance development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/260 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Ngowi, A.B. (Elsevier Ltd; www.elsevier.com/locate/buildenv, May 4, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The ensuing globalization of the construction industry as well as the highly fragmented and divisive nature of the industry are among the forces that are influencing it to seek management approaches such as strategic alliances that could leverage the capabilities of the various participants. This paper reports on a study that investigated the factors considered by firms when selecting alliance partners, and the influence of trustworthiness in deciding the governance structures of the alliances. A study of key partners in existing and potential construction alliances in Botswana that was carried out using a postal questionnaire and structured interviews determined that firms consider complementarity, similar status, indirect prior alliance experience and reputation before they make a selection of an alliance partner. The study also determined that partner trustworthiness eliminates the need of contractual clauses in the operation of the alliances. The paper concludes that trustworthiness of a partner is an influencing factor in all stages of the alliance development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/171 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)ngowi2.pdf (118.4Kb) -
Mupimpila, C.; Narayana, N. (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Over time, there has been a significant rise in vocational education and technical training in Botswana. This article shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and vocational education and technical training in the country. However, job creation in the formal sector is limited, given the size of the domestic market. It is necessary that the expansion of vocational and technical training should be accompanied with appreciable growth in employment in the formal sector. Botswana should produce for the regional market in Southern Africa in order to circumvent the smallness of the domestic market. Outward-looking, export production can loosen the most binding constraints to economic growth with structural change in the country. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/785 Files in this item: 1
Mupimpila_IJEED_2009.pdf (783.0Kb) -
Ngandeu, F.; Bezabih, M.; Ngamga, D.; Tchinda, A.; Ngadjui, B.; Abegaz, B.; Dufat, H.; Tillequin, F. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/phytochem, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Three prenylated rotenoids, elliptol, 12-deoxo-12a-methoxyelliptone and 6-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin were isolated from the twigs of Millettia duchesnei, together with the known compounds, 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo- 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, elliptone, 12a-hydroxyelliptone and eriodictyol. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and comparison with information reported in the literature and with authentic specimens for some known compounds. The full NMR data of 6-oxo-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin and 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin are reported here for the first time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/243 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Weiser, S.D.; Heisler, M.; Leiter, K.; Percy-de Korte, F.; Tlou, S.; DeMonner, S.; Phaladze, N.; Bangsberg, D.R.; Iacopino, V. (PLoS Medicine. www.plosmedicine.org, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Background The Botswana government recently implemented a policy of routine or "opt-out" HIV testing in response to the high prevalence of HIV infection, estimated at 37% of adults. Methods and Findings We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,268 adults from five districts in Botswana to assess knowledge of and attitudes toward routine testing, correlates of HIV testing, and barriers and facilitators to testing, 11 months after the introduction of this policy. Most participants (81%) reported being extremely or very much in favor of routine testing. The majority believed that this policy would decrease barriers to testing (89%), HIV-related stigma (60%), and violence toward women (55%), and would increase access to antiretroviral treatment (93%). At the same time, 43% of participants believed that routine testing would lead people to avoid going to the doctor for fear of testing, and 14% believed that this policy could increase gender-based violence related to testing. The prevalence of self-reported HIV testing was 48%. Adjusted correlates of testing included female gender (AOR ¼ 1.5, 95% CI ¼ 1.1–1.9), higher education (AOR¼2.0, 95% CI¼1.5–2.7), more frequent healthcare visits (AOR¼ 1.9, 95% CI ¼ 1.3–2.7), perceived access to HIV testing (AOR ¼ 1.6, 95% CI ¼ 1.1–2.5), and inconsistent condom use (AOR ¼ 1.6, 95% CI ¼ 1.2–2.1). Individuals with stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV and AIDS were less likely to have been tested for HIV/AIDS (AOR ¼ 0.7, 95% CI ¼ 0.5–0.9) or to have heard of routine testing (AOR ¼ 0.59, 95% CI ¼ 0.45–0.76). While experiences with voluntary and routine testing overall were positive, 68% felt that they could not refuse the HIV test. Key barriers to testing included fear of learning one’s status (49%), lack of perceived HIV risk (43%), and fear of having to change sexual practices with a positive HIV test (33%). Conclusions Routine testing appears to be widely supported and may reduce barriers to testing in Botswana. As routine testing is adopted elsewhere, measures should be implemented to assure true informed consent and human rights safeguards, including protection from HIV-related discrimination and protection of women against partner violence related to testing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/554 Files in this item: 1
Routine HIV testing.pdf (1.339Mb) -
Cainelli, F.; Vallone, A. (Dove Medical Press Ltd. http://www.dovepress.com/biologics-targets--therapy-journal, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Kaposi’s sarcoma is a vascular tumor linked to the presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus-8) and the incidence of which has increased considerably the world over after the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Antiretroviral therapy combined with cytotoxic agents has been established as the treatment of choice in the past 10 years. Among chemotherapeutic agents, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has become the preferred one for patients with HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in Western countries. The drug in this formulation localizes better to the tumor and has higher efficacy. Skin toxicity, mucositis, and leukopenia/neutropenia are the main side effects. Hepatotoxicity and mild cardiotoxicity are observed less frequently. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin impacts favorably on quality of life. Although cost effective in Western countries, the drug is less so in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/419 Files in this item: 1
Safety and efficacy.pdf (737.4Kb) -
Vanderpost, C.; Ringrose, S.; Matheson, W.; Arntzen, J. (Elsevier, December 14, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: A methodology was devised for comparison of generalised range condition over time, irrespective of the nature of original imagery used. It was applied for range condition change mapping throughout Botswana through 1984-2000. Results showed that range degradation was most widespread during the 1980s drought when 25% of the country was affected, decreased to 6.5% in 1994 and increased to 9.8% in 2000. This suggests that these semi-arid rangelands are fairly resilient and can withstand “normal” droughts even under conditions of heavy grazing pressure. However, degradation that persists during normal or above average rainfall years is related to increasing livestock and other pressures on rangelands and may represent areas with severe range recovery problems. This application meets some requirements of a semi-arid developing country looking to improve range condition monitoring over relatively remote areas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/779 Files in this item: 1
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Shaibu, S.; Phaladze, N.A. (Cambridge University Press. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PHC, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper reports an evaluation of the implementation of the School Health Policy (SHP) in Botswana schools. Historically, school health originated with a concern for the number of children being excluded from school owing to communicable diseases. In 1999, the three ministries, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Local Government, developed the Botswana School Health Policy and Procedures Manual. The school health services are organized at national, district and local levels. The purpose of the evaluation was to explore how school health services were delivered in schools in Botswana. Data on current practices on school health were collected using observations, field notes and interviews of various school personnel in 27 schools located in the Gaborone district, and surrounding villages using the assessment guide in the SHP. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Several challenges to implementing the school health policy were identified, for example, lack of human resources, lack of equipment supplies, lack of health knowledge among teachers, as well as organizational problems. This has budgetary implications for Botswana at both central and district levels. Commitment of all stakeholders in all ministries concerned would also improve the implementation of school health services. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/563 Files in this item: 1
School health.pdf (911.5Kb) -
Massamba, F. (Birkhäuser Basel. http://www.springerlink.com/content/110963/?p=c42ba01ff0bd482b81a3ebdf3b649c9a&pi=0, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: We investigate lightlike hypersurfaces of indefinite Sasakian manifolds, tangent to the structure vector field and whose screen distribution is integrable. We prove some results on parallel vector fields and on a leaf of the integrable distribution D0? h i of this class. A theorem on a geometrical configuration of the screen distribution is obtained. We show that any totally contact umbilical leaf of a screen integrable distribution of a lightlike hypersurface is an extrinsic sphere. Description: The mathematical symbols may not come as they are in the abstract. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/689 Files in this item: 1
Screen Integrable Lightlike.pdf (1.251Mb) -
Osei-Hwedie, K.; Ntseane, D.; Jacques, G. (Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Developing a tertiary academic programme in Botswana is not only an intellectual activity but also an institutional process that must be balanced to satisfy different stakeholders and contending claims. This paper focuses on the intellectual and institutional processes of developing a Master in Social Work(MSW) programme at the University of Botswana. It discusses the intricacies of identifying the need for a MSW and the consultative process of designing the programme and course objectives, titles, and course content. The paper takes the view that institutional and intellectual issues are significant factors of the exercise of searching for appropriateness in social work education in an African context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/744 Files in this item: 1
Osei-Hwedie_SWE_2006.pdf (1.212Mb)