Browsing by Title
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Moyo, S.; Gashe, B.A.; Collison, E.K.; Mpuchane, S. (Elsevier / www.elsevier.com/locate/ijfoodmicro, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: This present study was undertaken to find optimum conditions of pH, temperature and, period of incubation for the pectinolytic activity of Kluyveromyces wickerhamii isolated from rotting fruits and to assess the effect of these factors by use of response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite rotatable design was used as an experimental design for the analysis of the allocation of treatment combinations. A second order polynomial regression model was fitted and was found adequate, with an R2 of 0.94469 ( P < 0.001). The effects of temperature and pH were the most significant factors in influencing enzyme production. Estimated optimum conditions were as follows: pH 5.0, temperature, 32 jC and an incubation period of 91 h. Pectinesterase (PE), pectin lyase (PL), and cellulase activities were not detected. Pectinase production was partially constitutive. Pectin was degraded by the isolated strain of K. wickerhamii in the current study, and the pectinolytic activity is referred to as polygalacturonase (PG) activity. Crude enzyme extract was thermostable at various temperatures and, stimulated by the presence of Ca2 + ions but inhibited by other ions like Mg2 +, Zn2 +, Co2 +, Mn2 + and Na+. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/228 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Moyo_IJFM_2003.pdf (2.012Mb) -
Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, www.academicjournals.org, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the causes, types, effects and strategies on how to manage conflicts in organisations effectively to enhance organisational performance. Therefore, it is prime responsibility of management to put in place appropriate strategies on how to minimize conflicts. This research contributes to the body of existing literature, specifically it will inspire managers to develop appropriate strategies on how to manage conflicts in their organisations effectively. The convenience sample of one hundred and thirty managers was selected for the study from government departments, parastatals, and private companies. The tabular method was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the major cause of organisational conflict is limited resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1084 Files in this item: 1
Ongori_RJBM_2009.pdf (532.4Kb) -
Ringrose, S.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Vink, B.W.; Matheson, W.; Downey, W.S. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117935722/grouphome/home.html, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Quaternary sedimentation in the Moshaweng dry valley of southeastern Botswana is evaluated on the basis of geomorphological evolution and sedimentological analyses. Stratigraphic evidence reveals an 'upper surface (1095 m) containing abundant sil-calcrete, an intermediate surface (1085 m) in which sil-calcrete underlies nodular calcrete and lower (1075 m) surface in which sil-calcrete and nodular calcrete are interbedded. This subdivision is reflected in the geochemical composition of the sediments which show an overall trend of decreasing Si02 content (and increasing CaC03 content) with depth from the highest to the lowest surface levels. The calcretes and sil-calcretes represent modifications of pre-existing detrital Kalahari Group sand and basal Kalahari pebbles which thinned over a Karoo bedrock high. Modification took place during wet periods when abundant Ca++ -rich groundwater flowed along the structurally aligned valley system. With the onset of drier conditions, water table fluctuations led to the precipitation of nodular calcretes in the phreatic layer to a depth of about 20 m. A major geochemical change resulted in the preferential silicification of the nodular calcrete deposits. Conditions for silica mobilization may be related to drying-induced salinity and in situ geochemical differentiation brought about by pebble dissociation towards the top of the sediment pile. As calcretization and valley formation progressed to lower levels, silica release took place on a diminishing scale. Thermoluminescence dating infers a mid-Pleistocene age for sil-calcrete formation suggesting that valley evolution and original calcrete precipitation are much older. Late st~ge dissolution of CaC03 from pre-existing surface calcretes or sil-calcretes led to the formation of pedogenic case-hardened deposits during a time of reduced flow through the Moshaweng system possibly during the upper or late Pleistocene. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/310 Files in this item: 1
Ringrose_ESPL_2002.pdf (3.095Mb) -
Ringrose, S.; Harris, C.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Vink, B.W.; Diskins, S.; Vanderpost, C.; Matheson, W. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Trace elements togetherwith some O and C isotope analysiswere undertaken on duricrust strandline deposits in the palaeo-Makgadikgadi sub-basin (PMSB) to provide insight into palaeo-climatic conditions through the interpretation of calcrete, silcrete–calcrete intergrade and silcrete deposits. Trace element content and relative abundance suggest that the duricrust origins are associated with the long-term weathering of the Karoo Large Igneous Province which underlies the PMSB. This work shows that duricrust origins are related to Ca2+ and Si (and associated trace elements) being transported mainly through the groundwater and then subsequently precipitated at different strandline elevations over time. Local groundwater feeding in towards the pan margin and accumulating in near-neutral pan-marginal pools, appears to facilitate Si concentration and permeation of pre-existing calcretes. The silica precipitates as the pH drops when renewed freshwater enters the pools. Hence the inferred palaeo-climatic regime for silcretisationmay be similar to that occurring in Botswana at present being dry semi-arid with lowseasonal rainfall. In contrast the extensive calcrete precipitation in the strandlines results from abundant Ca2+ in adjacent waters which appear to be derived from both local and regional sources. The arrival of Ca2+ from regional sources (shown by trace element evidence) infers heavy rainfall in the upper catchment suggesting a major humid event followed by regional drying. Palaeo-climatic inferences suggest the juxtaposition ofmajor humid events interspersedwithmore normal semi-arid palaeo-climateswith an exception obtained from isotope data, of drier and cooler conditions than usual for the region around 80–90000 years ago. Whereas trace element data can greatly assist in the interpretation of complex deposits such as duricrusts, care should be taken over the use of particular ratios (such as Yb/Gd ratio) which may produce spurious results. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/560 Files in this item: 1
RINGROSE2009Makgadikgadi Pans.pdf (3.500Mb) -
Koosimile, A.T. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, March 19, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper sets out to identify some key problems, issues and challenges relating to out-of-school experiences of learners in science teaching that emerged during classroom observations in schools in Botswana. Generally, there is evidence suggesting weak incorporation of learners’ experiences into teaching. The experiences seemed to have a lower teaching priority than did formal universally accepted canonical science concepts. The study revealed that the relative merits of the science curriculum also appeared undermined by lack of teacher preparedness to handle the learners’ out-of-school experiences. This paper also considers some of the implications of the research findings to science education in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1113 Files in this item: 1
Koosimile_IJSE_2004.pdf (1.309Mb) -
Milesi, J.P.; Toteu, S.F.; Deschamps, Y.; Feybesse, J.L.; Lerouge, C.; Cocherie, A.; Penaye, J.; Tchameni, R.; Moloto-A-Kenguemba, G.; Kampunzu, H.A.B.; Nicol, N.; Duguey, E.; Leistel, J.M.; Saint-Martin, M.; Ralay, F.; Heinry, C.; Bouchot, V.; Mbaigane, J.C. Doumnang; Kula, V. Kanda; Chene, F.; Monthel, J.; Boutin, P.; Cailteux, J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is prepared within the frameworks of IGCP Project 470 and the associated BRGM scientific project ‘‘Africa 1999–2004’’ to accompany the 1:4,000,000 scale map ‘‘Geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa, presented at the 20th Colloquium of African Geology in Orleans in June 2004. It incorporates geological and metallogenic data from eight countries in Central Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea and Zambia). The map is a harmonised and geo-referenced preliminary map, based on a GIS at 1:2,000,000 scale, and focusses on the spatial and temporal distribution of selected major deposits. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/384 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006MajorOreDeposits.pdf (2.307Mb) -
Inambao, F.L.; Mosweu, M. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Diesel engines are used in heavy duty applications because of their high effeciency an reliability. However, oxides of nitrogen emissions remain a major concern. In diesel engines, fuel combustion is responsible for a major proportion of oxides of nitrogen emissions. Four sources of the oxides have been identified. The range of possible types of damage to environment and health, as well as effective methods for reduction of oxides of nitrogen, have been analysed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/620 Files in this item: 1
Inambao_BJT_2001.pdf (1.720Mb) -
Ongori, H.; Agolla, J.E. (Academic Journals,http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, http://www.academicjournals, June NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: In this era of globalisation career plateau in organisations needs to be managed effectively to minimize employee's intention to quit. Many employees find themselves in jobs that offer them limited mobility opportunities in terms of upward movement in the organisation. There are many drivers which lead to career plateau in organisations particularly organisational re-structuring. Career plateau affects both the management and the employees. Career plateau is considered as one of the contributing factors in employee's intention to quit in many organisations. Management and human resource professionals are in dilemma on the best interventions to put in place to manage career plateau effectively in order to enhance organisation competitiveness. This paper tries to investigate the drivers and effects of career plateau in organisation and recommends best strategies to manage career plateau in organisations.The methodology adopted in this study is critical review of the existing literature online and print. The major finding of this study is that career plateau is a major contributing factor to employee turnover in organisations. The contribution of this paper is that it will prvoke scholarly debate on management and other stakeholders to develop the best strategies to manage career plateau in organisation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/799 Files in this item: 1
Ongori_AJBM_2009.pdf (601.5Kb) -
Mutula, S.M. (Emerald, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose is to trace the revolution in information and communication technology (ICT) and changes in this wake such as globalization, digital divide, information society, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and e-government and how these changes impact on the provision of library and information services. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is largely based on review of literature both online and print. Findings – The paper concludes that the paradigm shifts occurring in the information environment have affected the concept of library; the perception of ownership versus access of library resources; the nature of information resources and services; and the role of the information professional among others. Research limitations/implications – The paper advocates for a proactive strategy on the part of information professionals in order to re-engineer and adapt the library to the volatile global information environment in order to remain relevant in the wake of new paradigm occurrences. Practical implications – Effective access and use of information will inevitably have great influence on the realisation of positive effects that the new paradigms occurrences engender in the global environment. It is desirable at this point in time to research into how information access and use can be brought to bear on the attainment of MDGs, bridge digital divide, enhance attainment of information society, promote e-government, etc. Originality/value – Despite, the rapid changes within the global information environment that has been occasioned by ICT, there is lack of critical mass of information science literature that addresses issues such MDGs, globalisation, information society and digital divide from the perspective of the information professional. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/768 Files in this item: 1
Mutula_LHT_2007 (1).pdf (1.058Mb) -
Tshiamo, W. (Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/ijn, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Although developed countries have largely eliminated the problem of paraffin ingestion in young children, many developing countries have not. Paraffin, used as a home energy source, particularly in rural area, accounts for a significant percent of paediatric poisoning and can lead to serious health problems, complications and death. This paper presents a review done by a nurse clinician concerned about the number of paediatric poisonings she saw in the hospital in one developing country, Botswana. The first stage of solving the problem is presented in which she established the extent and epidemiology of the issue. Suggestions for its solution are also discussed. It is hoped that this can serve both to increase awareness in developing countries of the dangers of paraffin poisoning and serve as a model for nurse clinicians and researchers in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/557 Files in this item: 1
Paraffin kerosene poisoning.pdf (527.8Kb) -
Cavrić, B.I.; Toplek, S.; Šiljeg, A. (Clanak, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Over the last two decades, there has been an intensive discourse and research about measuring sustainable urban development. Many cities, regions and countries have decided to introduce indicators for monitoring and measuring the progress towards sustainability. Today there is a wide spread perception that information on the environment in general, and urban environment in particular, is the determinant of effective rational decisions and allocation of resources. Such information would enable planners and decision makers to formulate redistributive policies and programmes to address some of the disparities that exist in a post-socialist city. Cities of the post-socialist world characterized by sharp disparities, socio-economic contrasts and environmental degradation provide an excellent laboratory for tracing information on the quality of urban life. The current situation in the emerging Croatian coastal city of Zadar reflects the diversity of the post-socialist urban change in a very fragile Mediterranean landscape. This paper takes a critical look at sustainable development and its measurements. It describes the participatory approach through which different local communities in Zadar were evaluating quality of life based on basic pillars of sustainable development. The identification and collection of their opinions provide valuable data base and community input into urban governance and development planning decision making. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/641 Files in this item: 1
cavric2008SPATIUM.pdf (2.200Mb) -
Dinama, B. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, June NaN, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigated the classroom practices of moral education (ME) teachers in three (3) of the ten (10) Botswana senior secondary schools that are piloting the curriculum. The aim of the study was to gain insight into classroom practices and the challenges that moral education teachers face when implementing a new curriculum. Interviews and classroom observations were used to collect data from five (5) participants who were purposively sampled. The results suggest that teachers have a positive attitude towards the subject despite the challenges faced in implementing the new curriculum. This study finds that it is not always easy for moral education teachers to methodically follow a particular approach in teaching moral education, as per the expectations of the curriculum, since they are generally not sure which ones are the most appropriate. The findings of this study may be of use to curriculum planners, policy makers, teachers and researchers in education in their efforts to better understand the thinking and practices of teachers in classrooms. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1053 Files in this item: 1
Dinama_IJSRE_2012.pdf (1.581Mb) -
Vanderpost, C. (Population Environment; Springer Netherlands; http://www.springerlink.com/content/0t141ml76q32717m/, January NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Intensification of human sprawl in buffer zones of globally important African wilderness areas is of worldwide concern. The paper identifies two major conflicting (yet potentially reconcilable) pathways of rural sprawl in African wilderness buffer regions, described as the subsistence pathway and the wildlife-tourism pathway. Containment of rural sprawl near important ecological reserves requires addressing both pathways and their underlying conflicts. Reconciliation of subsistence sprawl with wildlife-conservation based tourism may occur through adequate compensation for community subsistence resource losses by the creation of sufficient alternatives to local communities that may reduce the need to rely on subsistence resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/59 Files in this item: 2
cvanderpostpathwaysprefinalversion.pdf (725.4Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Kalabamu, F. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Patriarchy has been defined as a gendered power system: a network of social, political and economic relationships through which men dominate and control female labour, reproduction and sexuality as well as define women’s status, privileges and rights in a society. Taking Botswana as a case study, this essay examines the effects of patriarchy on women’s access, control and ownership of land in southern Africa. It notes that while women were largely excluded from land ownership during the pre-colonial era, patriarchy has since been selective on the type and nature of land rights that women may enjoy. The essay argues that the weakening of traditional patriarchal structures, attitudes and practices in Botswana is a result of women’s self-empowerment, economic transformations and the replacement of chieftainship with democratic institutions. It ends by noting that despite the apparent weakening of pre-colonial institutions and attitudes, there have emerged new forms of female subordination, which require vigilance and constant exposure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/630 Files in this item: 1
kalamu2006PATRIARCHY.pdf (967.9Kb) -
Sebudubudu, D. (University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This article argues that despite a change in government in 1994, there are continuities and parallels between the politics of patronage and political corruption under the apartheid National Party and African National Congress (ANC) governments in South Africa. The paper attempts to demostrate this argument first by examining how the policies of the National Party promoted patronage and provided an environment for corruption. Secondly it argues that the policies of the ANC government have since 1994 facilitated patronage and encouraged corruption as well. The paper argues that both governments use public resourcs to promote the positions of their disadvantaged supporters and to build a suport base. As well, they engaged in public corruption to serve both political and personal purposes. It concludes that such patronage and corruption have not been confronted effectively as they operate in the interests of consolidating the government. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/712 Files in this item: 1
Sebudubudu_PBJAS_2008.pdf (3.236Mb) -
Magocha, K.; Arua, A.E. (Routledge (Taylor and Francis) www.routledge.com, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines the patterns of language use and language preference of some children aged 6–15 and their parents at the University of Botswana. The results indicate that the majority of the children speak Setswana and English, despite the fact that they come from different language groups. However, Setswana, the national language, is the more widely spoken. Very few of the children speak languages such as Ikalanga, Otjiherero and Sesotho and other minority languages. The language preferences of the children and their parents differ. Although many of the children speak two or three languages, they prefer only one – Setswana. However, the parents of the children prefer them to speak English rather than Setswana, especially in the school and playground. They also prefer their children not to speak English at home, although the children actually do so. Children from other language groups prefer English to their mother tongues. Generally, the study shows the continued growth of Setswana and English, and the gradual decline of the other local languages, except Ikalanga. The government is reported to be considering introducing a third language as a medium of instruction in the hope that it will stop the decline of minority languages. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/654 Files in this item: 1
Magocha_JMMD_2002.pdf (828.5Kb) -
Sithole, B. M. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, June NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the teaching practices of Business Studies teachers in Botswana junior secondary schools conform to pedagogical practices recommended by curriculum planners. The findings of this study suggest that teachers and curriculum planners are not singing from the same hymnbook, thus, the pedagogical practices of Business Studies teachers are at variance with the expectations of the curriculum planners. Teacher-centred pedagogy is the dominant mode of instruction used to teach Business Studies in Botswana junior secondary schools despite the fact that curriculum planners advocate for a paradigm shift from teaching to learning through the employment of learner-centred entrepreneurial-directed teaching methods. The study concludes with the recommendation that, for pedagogical practices of business teachers to be aligned with those prescribed by curriculum planners, educational authorities and school administrators should put in place support structures aimed at monitoring and ensuring that the delivery of business education is done according to the stipulated business curriculum standards as well as enforcing the fulfillment of pedagogical practices set in the syllabi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/791 Files in this item: 1
Sithole_IJSRE_2010.pdf (1.281Mb) -
Makgosa, R.; Mohube, K. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: There are some people that an individual keeps in mind when making a purchase. Usually, such people disseminate opinions and other individuals are pressured into following their trend, becoming associated with them and using them as a standard of their purchase decisions. Such people are known as reference groups and they include entertainment figures, sports heroes, political leaders, parents, co-workers, teachers and peers. This paper seeks to contribute to the existing body of the literature on reference group influence. Specifically, it focuses on peer influence among young adults’ products purchase decisions. A convenience sample of 101 university students participated in this study. The results of Analysis of Variance and t-tests indicated that there is more normative influence for a public luxury (sunglasses) than for a private luxury (cell phone) and private necessity (toothpaste). Informational influence was also more for a public luxury than a private necessity. Additionally, a public necessity (shoes) had more normative influence than a private luxury and private necessity as well as a high informational influence than private necessity. Overall, these results demonstrated that the influence of peers varies across various product categories. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1086 Files in this item: 1
Makgosa_AJBM_2007.pdf (1.038Mb) -
Shehu, J (Taylor & Francis, http://www.informaworld.com, May NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Critical incidents of peer provocation in physical education were investigated among 675 junior secondary school students in Botswana. Data were generated through a brief, open-ended questionnaire requesting the students to narrate their experiences of bad, hurtful and offensive peer behaviours during physical education classes. Six overlapping categories of peer provocation that emerged from the data were: humiliation, injustice, physical assaults, sexual harassment; dangerous play and female physicality frighteners. These categories are discussed with reference to the themes central to boys’ and girls’ experiences. To the extent that peer provocation is differentially aimed at boys and girls, it is crucial to recurrently (en)gender its analysis. This study encourages educators in general and physical education teachers in particular to take heightened interest in, and reflect more critically about proactive ways to address the multiple domains and consequences of peer provocation in physical education settings. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1140 Files in this item: 1
Shehu_ED_2009.pdf (3.307Mb) -
Moswela, B. (Kamla Raj; http://www.krepublishers.com/, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This study made an investigation of the nature of peer victimization and its causes and effects on its victims. The investigation was carried out in six primary and twelve secondary schools in Botswana using questionnaires and interviews on a randomly selected group of teachers and students. The study concluded that peer victimization is very prevalent in schools and that boys are the worst perpetrators and they do it more on girls than on other boys. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/211 Files in this item: 1
Moswela_JSS_2005.pdf (1.000Mb)