Browsing by Title
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Mnjama, N. (SAGE Publications, http://idv.sagepub.com, June NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: More and more companies in the developing world are desiring to export their products to the western world. How ever, in as much as the western world would wish to trade with developing countries, they need some assurance that the products are of the highest possible standards. To date the only standards that are recognized by both western and developing countries are ISO standards. The certification process demands among other things an assurance by the supplier that he (the supplier) has a well documented, effective and efficient procedures for maintaining all records pertaining to its products. This article looks at the case of Botswana Meat Commission, one of the major exporters of beef products in Africa, and shows the procedure it has followed to establish a quality system for managing its records. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/703 Files in this item: 1
Mnjama_ID_2000.pdf (560.8Kb) -
Simon, R.E.; Wright, C.; Kwadiba, M.T.O.; Kgaswane, E.M. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Average one-dimensional P and S wavespeed models from the surface to depths of 800 km were derived for the southern African region using travel times and waveforms from earthquakes recorded at stations of the Kaapvaal and South African seismic networks. The Herglotz–Wiechert method combined with ray tracing was used to derive a preliminary P wavespeed model, followed by refinements using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms to yield the final model. Travel times combined with ray tracing were used to derive the S wavespeed model, which was also refined using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms. The presence of a high wavespeed upper mantle lid in the S model overlying a low wavespeed zone (LWZ) around 210- to - 345-km depth that is not observed in the P wavespeed model was inferred. The 410-km discontinuity shows similar characteristics to that in other continental regions, but occurs slightly deeper at 420 km. Depletion of iron and/or enrichment in aluminium relative to other regions are the preferred explanation, since the P wavespeeds throughout the transition zone are slightly higher than average. The average S wavespeed structure beneath southern Africa within and below the transition zone is similar to that of the IASP91 model. There is no evidence for discontinuity at 520-km depth. The 660-km discontinuity also appears to be slightly deeper than average (668 km), although the estimated thickness of the transition zone is 248 km, similar to the global average of 241 km. The small size of the 660-km discontinuity for P waves, compared with many other regions, suggests that interpretation of the discontinuity as the transformation of spinel to perovskite and magnesiowu¨ stite may require modification. Alternative explanations include the presence of garnetite-rich material or ilmenite-forming phase transformations above the 660-km discontinuity, and the garnet– perovskite transformation as the discontinuity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/265 Files in this item: 1
Simon_L71_2003.pdf (2.274Mb) -
Nitza, A.; Chilisa, B.; Makwinja-Morara, V. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, June NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This article describes a small group intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescent girls in Botswana. The psychoeducational group model is designed to empower girls to overcome the gender inequality that puts women at increased risk of HIV infection in the country. Group goals include heightening group members' awareness of the influence of the restrictive social messages that surround them and assisting them in developing efficacy and skills to combat the barriers they face. Specific goals, strategies, and interventions for the initial, middle, and termination stages of the group are described. Indigenous and culturally relevant interventions are included in each stage. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/549 Files in this item: 1
Chilisa_JSGW_2010.pdf (548.7Kb) -
Oladiran, M.T. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description, NaN, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: The use of solar energy is well established for low-grade thermal applications such as water heating and purification. In many of the solar systems, the collector surface located in the Northern Hemisphere faces the true south direction. However, there are occasions in which the radiation received by the collector at various orientations is desirable, such as a collector incorporated with a tracking system. The data for such situations are not available for several solar farms in Nigeria. Consequently, in this study, the average global radiation on flat surfaces was determined for three zones in Nigeria. The total insolation was obtained while the surface azimuth angle was varied between 0° and 75° at 15° intervals. The results are presented for three inclinations of the collector surface, namely L − 10, L, and L + 10 degrees respectively. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/671 Files in this item: 1
Oladiran_AE_1995.pdf (1.847Mb) -
Foster, J.D.G.; Uziak, J.; Loukanov, I.A. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1475-1305, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This study presents the experimental setup and results of measurement of forces and moments in a manually operated ram press machine. Tests were conducted on a BP30 ram press using electrical resistance strain gauges to measure forces present in the machine under operating conditions. The forces were obtained by capturing data for the strains in six channels, using a digital instrument system, and later calculated by using the sensitivity factors. A method was proposed to estimate the tension force and bending moment in the connecting rods based on the sums and differences of measured strains. Results obtained were converted into spreadsheet data and presented in graphs versus the position angle of the operating lever. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/633 Files in this item: 1
Foster_SIJEM_2009.pdf (460.1Kb) -
Garg, A.K.; Joubert, R.J.O.; Pellissier, R. (College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa. http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=16434, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Most studies consider business performance to be a multidimensional construct. Four dimensions (namely, business growth, profitability, image and customer loyalty, and product service innovativeness) were hypothesised to validate a measure for business performance in the South African context. Using partial least squares, 22 responses from top executives of banks in South Africa were analysed to test the validity of the four dimensions of business performance. The results of the study suggest that the nonfinancial dimensions (namely, image and customer loyalty, and product service innovation) are not valid dimensions for measuring business performance, while the other two dimensions (namely, business growth and profitability) show a high degree of correlation. This indicates that business growth is aligned with profitability, that growth for profitability is a major concern, and that profitability still remains the key measure of business performance in the South African banking sector. Parameters such as customer loyalty and innovativeness are not regarded as important for business performance, although these could be pressing issues for banks. The paper also validates a questionnaire that can be used to measure business performance and reviews various methods for measuring business performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/296 Files in this item: 1
Garg_SAJBR_2004.pdf (188.9Kb) -
Malope, P.; Gobotswang, K.; Gabaitire, L.; Ntseane, P. (Botswana College of Agriculture; http://www.bca.bw/Research/bojaasBca/Bojass_JournalsIndex1.htm, January NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: With an estimated 38% of the sexually active population infected, Botswana has one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV and AIDS. Since HIV and AIDS affect the most productive section of the population, it is expected to have a negative impact on the labour intensive agricultural sector. The study aims at measuring the impacts of HIV and AIDS on agricultural production in Botswana. The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between July and September 2004 in three selected areas.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/222 Files in this item: 2
Gobotswang_BJAAS_2007.pdf (335.3Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
De Waele, B.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Mapani, B.S.E.; Tembo, F. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Mesoproterozoic Irumide belt is a northeast-trending structural province stretching from central Zambia to the Zambia–Tanzania border and northern Malawi. Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic transcurrent shear zones within reactivated parts of the Palaeoproterozoic Ubendian belt define its northeastern limit. The northwestern margin is defined by the largely undeformed basement lithologies of the Bangweulu block. An intensely folded and sheared zone at the southeastern margin of the Mporokoso Group sedimentary depocentre on the Bangweulu block, interpreted to have developed above a thrust at the basement-cover interface, indicates that far-field effects of the Irumide Orogen also affected the southeastern part of the Bangweulu block sedimentary cover. To the west and southwest, Irumide and basement lithologies were reworked by the Damara–Lufilian–Zambezi Orogen within the Neoproterozoic Zambezi and Lufilian belts. The Choma–Kalomo block, previously regarded as the southwesterly continuation of the Irumide belt, is a distinct Mesoproterozoic province, while a succession of structurally juxtaposed tectonic terranes in eastern Zambia record a deformation event related to the Irumide Orogen. The lithological units identified in the Irumide belt include: (1) limited Neoarchaean rocks emplaced between 2.73 and 2.61 Ga and representing the oldest rocks in the Bangweulu block; (2) ca. 2.05–1.85 Ga volcano-plutonic complexes and gneisses representing the most important components in the Bangweulu block; (3) an extensive quartzite–metapelite succession with minor carbonate forming the Muva Supergroup, and deposited at ca. 1.85 Ga; (4) granitoids emplaced between 1.65 and 1.55 Ga; (5) a minor suite of anorogenic plutons (nepheline syenite and biotite granite) restricted to the far northeastern Irumide belt and emplaced between 1.36 and 1.33 Ga; (6) voluminous syn- to post-kinematic Irumide granitoids emplaced between 1.05 and 0.95 Ga. Crustal shortening and thickening in the Irumide belt are shown by northwestward-directed thrusts and related folds and metamorphic parageneses recording a clockwise medium-pressure/medium-temperature P–T–t path. Metamorphic grades range from greenschist facies in the foreland to the northwest to upper amphibolite facies in the southeast, with local granulites. Peak metamorphism is diachronous across the belt and bracketed between 1.05 in the southeast and 1.02 Ga in the northwest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/398 Files in this item: 1
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Becker, T.; Schreiber, U.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Armstrong, R. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Two main Mesoproterozoic provinces occur in southern Namibia: (1) The high-grade Namaqua Metamorphic Complex (NMC) composed of a supracrustal sedimentary succession and interpreted as a passive margin sequence in the west of the Kalahari craton; (2) The Sinclair Group and its northeastern correlatives, composed of two main magmatic and metamorphic units, reflecting northeast-directed subduction, which started before 1.37 Ga and lasted until about 1.1 Ga. These two units were tectonically juxtaposed during the 1.1– 1.03 Ga Namaqua orogenic event. The Kairab–Kumbis Metamorphic Complex comprises metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks intruded by the 1.37 Ga arc-related Aunis tonalite. The mafic volcanic rocks from this complex have geochemical features of island arc calcalkaline basalts; they were emplaced and metamorphosed along an active margin before 1.37 Ga. The 1.2–1.1 Ga low-grade unmetamorphosed volcanic and immature sedimentary rocks of the Sinclair Group and its northwestern equivalents rest disconformably on the Kairab–Kumbis Complex. They occur in fault-bounded depocenters defining a regional arc-shape structure up to 100 km-wide and with a minimum length of 2000 km. The plate tectonic setting of this arc is best constrained by the composition of volcanic rocks from the 1.2 Ga Barby Formation and coeval granitoids; they comprise high-K calcalkaline rocks suggesting emplacement in an active continental margin setting. The final stage of this continental arc evolution is recorded in the <1.1 Ga tholeiites of the Opdam Formation. High Ti-content and flat REEpatterns in the tholeiites suggests an extensional event, whereas high Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios, low Ce/Pb values and negative anomalies for Nb–Ta suggest a subduction-related setting for the mantle source from which the mafic magmas were derived. Docking of continents led to the slab detachment, allowing interaction between the asthenospheric mantle and the mantle wedge enriched during the subduction process. The magmatic underplating related to this event induced the genesis of large-scale batholitic granitoid bodies in the NMC and a 1.1–1.0 Ga high-grade LP/HT metamorphism, with mineral assemblages indicating an anti-clockwise P–T–t path. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/385 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006RocksofNamibia.pdf (3.444Mb) -
Morapedi, W.G. (Taylor & Francis, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: This article grapples with issues that have largely remained outside the realms of migrant labour studies in colonial Botswana: the positive input of migrant wages to agricultural production and the effects of migrant wages on the differentiation of the peasantry. Although this article endorses the conventional view that migrant labour had detrimental effects on crop production and animal husbandry, it departs from previous studies in that it argues that the extent to which migrant labour led to `underdevelopment’ has not been suf® ciently demonstrated. It is also argued that migrant labour made it possible for those at the lower level of society to rise through the emerging strati® cations of the Tswana, and contributed positively to the general economies of the peasantries in Botswana’ s reserves URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/420 Files in this item: 1
Morapedi_JSAS_1999.pdf (2.123Mb) -
Atlhopheng, J.R.; Ekosse, G. I. E. (Bioline http://www.bioline.org, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: A mineralogical investigation of duricrust suites in Letlhakeng valley, and five pans around Jwaneng in Botswana was undertaken in order to know the mineral assemblages and infer on their landscape formation. In Letlhakeng, duricrusts comprised calcretes, silcretes and ferricretes. Calcretes were dominated by the minerals: calcite, quartz and to a lesser extent dolomite. Silcrete mineralogy was dominated by quartz, opal, and some occurrences of palygorskite, microcline and rutile. The intermediate forms of cal-silcretes yielded quartz, muscovite, and kaolinite. Ferricretes occurred on an area of the valley capping, with minerals dominated by goethite and haematite. The indurates are believed to have been formed through groundwater mechanisms. The general lowering of the valley, led to precipitation of the duricrusts. The pans were dominated by calcrete and silcrete only. The calcretes mineralogy was mainly calcite, dolomite and quartz. Illite-montmorillonite and sepiollite were also present. Samples of pan clay floor, other than being dominated by calcite, dolomite and quartz, also had sepiollite ferrian. Pans and valleys are accumulation sites, with polygenetic modes of genesis. The duricrusts have undergone several alterations throughout time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/679 Files in this item: 1
Atlhopheng_JASEM_2007.pdf (494.4Kb) -
Meck, M.L.; Atlhopheng, J.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Ringrose, S.; Diskin, S. (Bentham Open, http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tomj/index.htm, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: This study set out to establish the major minerals at Dorowa and determine which of those are likely to host metals that may leach into surface and groundwater. This study comes after a preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine in Zimbabwe showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before the mining area. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) was used to establish the major minerals at Dorowa whilst Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) was used to establish the chemistry of the rocks. The results from this study show that the major minerals in the rocks around Dorowa are feldspars, pyroxenes, apatite, magnetite and calcite. The metals hosted by the rocks include Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sb, Se and Zn. The study concludes that the minerals likely to host metals are calcite and apatite. Metal hosting is higher in apatite minerals than in calcite. Metal hosting by the other minerals observed in the study area is low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1109 Files in this item: 1
Atlhopheng_OMJ_2011.pdf (848.6Kb) -
Meck, M.; Atlhopheng, J.; Masamba, W.; Ringrose, S.; Diskin, S. (Bentham Open, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This study set out to establish the major minerals at Dorowa and determine which of those are likely to host metals that may leach into surface and groundwater. This study comes after a preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine in Zimbabwe showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before the mining area. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) was used to establish the major minerals at Dorowa whilst Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) was used to establish the chemistry of the rocks. The results from this study show that the major minerals in the rocks around Dorowa are feldspars, pyroxenes, apatite, magnetite and calcite. The metals hosted by the rocks include Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sb, Se and Zn. The study concludes that the minerals likely to host metals are calcite and apatite. Metal hosting is higher in apatite minerals than in calcite. Metal hosting by the other minerals observed in the study area is low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/932 Files in this item: 1
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Mgadla, P.T. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana, NaN, 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is about the introduction of western education by Missionaries in Africa. These European Missionaries left their homes for religius reasons, to convert the "heathens" to the christian religion. Convertion to christian religion faced many hurdles like language barriers, cultural beliefs and that the people to be converted were illiterate. The converts to be had to be taught how to read and write to be able to interpret the bible. The education offered by Missionaries was tended to be scriptural in nature because the intended converts were supposed to read and understandthe great book of God - the Bible. Emphasis was on religious studies. Missionaries targeted African leaders such as Chiefs in their endeavor to convert and also to introduce western education. Once the leaders were convinced and converted in the new religion and education, they would influence the dissemination of the new faith to their groups or tribes. Western education was introduced in the manner such as described above among Batswana. The Missionaries who introduced western education and christianity were members of the London Missiory Society (LMS) formed in 1795 and these were Dr. Robert Moffat and Dr. Livingstone. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/475 Files in this item: 1
Mgadla_PJAS_1997.pdf (827.3Kb) -
Malumbela, G.; Alexander, M.; Moyo, P. (Elsevier http://www.elsevier.com/locate/conbuildmat, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Cracking of the cover concrete due to steel corrosion is considered by many researchers to indicate the end-of-service life of corrosion-affected reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Numerous models have been developed to predict the time from corrosion initiation to cracking of the cover concrete. In the previous models, concrete with corroding steel bars was assumed to behave like a thick-walled cylinder under uniform internal pressure. Recent research publications have however, shown that steel corrosion is often concentrated on the surface of the steel that faces the direction of ingress of corrosion agents. This paper presents a model that relates the level of partial surface steel corrosion with the transverse and vertical strains measured on the exterior faces of corrosion-affected RC beams. The model assumes that the remaining section of the steel after corrosion is elliptical shaped. Finally, the model is calibrated with experimental data in the literature and it is shown that assuming uniform steel corrosion underestimates the internal pressure applied by the expansive corrosion products. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/682 Files in this item: 1
Malumbela2_CBM_2011.pdf (481.3Kb) -
Marumo, R.; Tokhi, M.O. (University of Botswana, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, http://ajol.info/index.php/bjt, April NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: This article proposes a new modeling scheme using extended radial basis function (RBF) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy filter for handling nonlinear uncertainties of an air motor servo valve. This model combines the fast model development ability of RBF and the adaptation capability of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) used instead of the well known conventional modeling techniques. The ANFIS structure provided parameter partitioning and better performance under transient response to handle the problem of disturbance attenuation. The pneumatic H-bridge, characterizing a pneumatic servo valve has been devised for speed and direction control of the motor and the system characteristics conveniently divided into three main regions; of low speed (below 390 rev/min), medium speed (390 to 540 rev/min) and high speed (540 to 680 rev/min). The system is highly non-linear in the low speed region and hence the need to use an adaptive intelligent based modeling technique arises. Simulation results has proven that for an air motor system with uncertainty and perturbed noise, the RBF-ANFIS model scheme performed well and out past its conventional counterpart by far. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/657 Files in this item: 1
Marumo_BJT_2007.pdf (5.657Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Emerald; http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0954-478x.htm, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) research has concentrated on large firms. Little has been done on the TQM practices of small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in developing countries. This paper investigates the relationship between TQM, planning behaviour and firm size by reviewing existing literature and collection of primary data from 54 SMEs in the Republic of Botswana. The findings indicated that the majority of SMEs understand the importance of both TQM and planning activities for their survival and growth. However, their approach to both is unsystematic, non-formal and short-term orientated. Both firm size and planning behaviour are found to have statistically significant relationships with TQM practices. As firm size increases from small to medium, and as SMEs move from operational to strategic planning, they attach greater degree of importance to TQM practices. However, the planning behaviour of SMEs is more strongly related to TQM practices as a prerequisite to the adoption of formalised TQM practices. Some implications for SMEs are also forwarded. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/193 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_TQM_2003.pdf (2.598Mb) -
Togarasei, L. (Brill Academic Publishers, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The past twenty to thirty years in the history of Zimbabwean Christianity have witnessed the emergence of a new breed of Pentecostalism that tends to attract the middle and upper classes urban residents. This paper presents findings from a case study of one such movement, the Family of God church. It describes and analyses the origins, growth and development of this church as an urban modern Pentecostal movement. The first section of the paper discusses the origins and development of the church focusing on the life of the founder. The second section focuses on the teaching and practices of the church. The church’s doctrines and practices are here analysed to find out the extent to which these have been influenced by the socio-political and economic challenges in the urban areas. The paper concludes that the modern Pentecostal movement is meant to address urban needs. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/598 Files in this item: 1
Togarasei_E_2005.pdf (251.2Kb) -
Matsheka, M.I.; Lastovica, A.J.; Elisha, B.G. (American Society for Microbiology. http://jcm.asm.org/, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: A 1.6-kb DNA fragment isolated from a Campylobacter concisus genomic library gave C. concisus-specific restriction fragment length patterns when it was used as a probe in hybridization studies. All of the strains tested, including type strains and clinical isolates, contained a 0.5-kb HindIII fragment that hybridized to the probe. DNA sequencing of the 1.6-kb fragment identified three open reading frames (ORFs). One of the ORFs encodes the carboxy terminus of GyrB, and the translational products of ORF2 and ORF3 showed similarity to hypothetical proteins, previously identified in Campylobacter jejuni. DNA-DNA hybridization studies with a fragment internal to ORF3 showed that this sequence was responsible for the signal observed with the 0.5-kb HindIII fragment. A rapid PCR assay was developed and evaluated. Primers that annealed to the extremities of the 1.6-kb fragment were used to obtain an amplicon of the correct size from both reference and clinical strains of C. concisus. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/306 Files in this item: 1
Molecular identification of.pdf (4.701Mb) -
Mark, M. (University of Botswana, http://ub.bw, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is facing one of its greatest development challenges at the moment. It is facing an HIV/AIDS pandemic of immense proportions. It is among the countries in the world that have been hard hit by this scourge. A lot of stakeholders including government, private companies, international donor agencies, and civil society have come up with interventions to respond to challenge of fighting this pandemic. Among the key players in this fight against HIV/AIDS are civil society organizations, commonly known as NGOs. These organizations play a crucial role of bringing HIV/AIDS services to the communities where the other players may not reach or may not be effective. The services the NGOs offer to communities are normally delivered as projects. Effective monitoring and evaluation of projects is usually one of the ingredients of good project performance and provides means of accountability, demonstrating transparency to the stakeholders and facilitates organizational learning for benefit of future projects. This study sought to determine how effectively the HIV/AIDS projects implemented by Gaborone based local NGOs are monitored and evaluated. The study investigated the monitoring and evaluation practices of the NGOs and compared them with the best practices. It also sought to identify the challenges the NGOs faced in carrying out this function. Data for the study was collected using the descriptive survey method where a questionnaire was administered to project managers and monitoring and evaluation officials of the NGOs. The results of the study show that most of the NGOs (66.7%) were implementing Behavioral Change Communication projects. The study also determined that the monitoring and evaluation practices of the local NGOs fell short of the best practices. Most of the best practices were inconsistently done and others were not done at all. Planning for monitoring and evaluation was inadequately done and inconsistently by respondents. Implementing the monitoring and evaluation process was not effectively done by the respondents. The study also identified quite a number of challenges the NGOs faced in carrying out monitoring and evaluation of the projects they faced. These challenges made it hard for the NGOs to effectively monitor and evaluate the projects they implemented. The most significant ones included; inadequate finances, lack of expertise, stringent and multi-donor reporting requirements, lack of baseline data. The study made some recommendations in order to mitigate the challenges faced by the NGOs. The study found out that, all in all the projects implemented by the local NGOs were not effectively monitored and evaluated. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/991 Files in this item: 1
Mark-MEPC_2007.pdf (7.970Mb)