Browsing by Title
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Ketlogetswe, C. (University of Botswana, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: Since independence, the economy of Botswana has been undergoing a rapid transition from one in which the majority of the people depend on traditional agriculture and pastoralism to one in which formal sector employment predominates. This is partly reflected by rapid increase in vehicle population. Because of these changes,the country started to experience environmental problems. Unfortunately from the time of independence until late eighties, the level of environmental awareness in the country was very low, and therefore waste minimisation and reduction of environmental impact procedures were never in place.To date, many organizations in the country still seem not to be committed to reducing and disposing their wastes in environmentally friendly manner. The need to reconcile development with environmental concern, thus sustainable development, is vital. For the country to achieve that, an introduction of an environmental impact assessment in Botswana is essential, and thus, the main thrust of the current investigation is to determine the level of concern about environmental problems posed by waste engine oil in various organizations in the country. Management of various organizations were interviewed on their methods of waste of engine oil disposal. It was found that the disposal of waste engine oil by many organizations is resulting in serious environmental problems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/675 Files in this item: 1
Ketlogetswe_BJT_1998.pdf (1.028Mb) -
Ketlogetswe, C. (University of Botswana, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, http://ajol.info/index.php/bjt, April NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: Since independence, the economy of Botswana has been undergoing a rapid transition from one in which the majority of the people depend on traditional agriculture and pastoralism to one in which formal sector employment predominates. This is partly reflected by rapid increase in vehicle population. Because of these changes, the country started to experience environmental problems. Unfortunately from the time of independence until late eighties, the level of environmental awareness in the country was very low, and therefore waste minimisation and reduction of environmental impact procedures were never in place. To date, many organisations in the country still seem not to be committed to reducing and disposing their wastes in environmentally friendly manner. The need to reconcile development with environmental concern, thus sustainable development, is vital. For the country to achieve that, an introduction of environmental impact assessment in Botswana is essential, and thus, the main thrust of the current investigation is to determine the level of concern about environmental problems posed by waste engine oil in various organisations in the country. Management of various organisations were interviewed on their methods of waste engine oil disposal. It was found that the disposal of waste engine oil by many organizations is resulting in serious environmental problems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/659 Files in this item: 1
Ketlogetswe_BJT_1998.pdf (3.285Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T.; Pansiri, J. (Business Perspectives; Sumy State University (Ukraine); http://www.businessperspectives.sumy.ua/, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Although the discovery of diamond has propelled Botswana from one of the poorest countries in 1966 to its current stage of development as a middle-income country, the country still faces the problems of economic diversification, employment creation, income generation and distribution, and poverty alleviation. Government and non-governmental organizations have put many efforts on the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to diversity the economy away from mining, to create jobs and alleviate poverty. However, the pace of development of SMEs, after 30 years, is very slow and discouraging. The SMEs failure rate, caused by a plethora of internal and external factors, is now estimated to be over 80%. There is a general consensus among policy makers, politicians, and researchers in Botswana that this trend should not be allowed to continue indefinitely. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived critical management factors (PCMFs) affecting the development of SMEs by collecting primary date from 203 SMEs in 3 cities in the Republic of Botswana by means of questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to present the demographic distribution of the sample firms, the identification, ranking and association of PCMFs. The findings showed that five PCMFs (human resources development; organizational development; managerial background; managerial leadership and competitive strategy) affect the performance of SMEs. The PCMFs are strongly related among themselves, indicating the need for a holistic and systematic approach in addressing them. Important relationships were also found between the PCMFs and firm-specific demographic variables such as ownership status, experience and operating period. Recommendations and implication of the findings for future research, policy makers, practitioners in SMEs, and SMEs support agencies and groups were also forwarded. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/188 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_PPM_2005.pdf (2.663Mb) -
Ongori, H. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM, January NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Empowerment is a concept which is widely used in management and many managers and professionals in various claim to be practicing it. Nowadays empowerment has occupied a central point in many organisations of the 21st century. Employee empowerment is said to have benefited many organisations, if managed and nurtured properly especially in enhancing employee commitment and reducing employee turnover. In this era of globalisation there is need for employee empowerment in order to enable organisations to respond quickly to any changes in the macro-environments. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to find out what should be done in organisations to enhance employee empowerment and reduce employee turnover. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/814 Files in this item: 1
Ongorri_AJBM_2009.pdf (1.002Mb) -
Ongori, H.; Shunda, J.P.W. (Asian Network for Scientific Information, http://www.ansinet.org, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to find out the strategies for success of employee empowerment in organisation to reduce employee turnover. In addition, the study focusses on the benefits and criticism of employee empowerment in organisations. Nowadays, empowerment has occupied a central point in many organisations in the 21st century. In this era of globalization, there is need for employees empowerment in order to enable the organisation to respond quickly to any changes in macro-environment. The methodology adopted in this study is quantitative approach, whereby a convenience sample of one hundred employees was selected for the study. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. This study will contribute greatly to existing literature specifically in inspiring managers to develop appropriate strategies to nurture employee empowerment in organisations. The outcome from the findings shows that employee empowerment is essential to assist organisations to respond quickly to any environmental changes and to reduce employee turnover. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/839 Files in this item: 1
Ongori, Shunda_IJAEF2_2008.pdf (786.4Kb) -
Mulinge, M.M.; Munyae, M.M. (The Haworth Press, www.haworthpress.com/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Utilizing data collected from a randomly selected sample of 360 academic and managerial staff, regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of acceptance of change among employees at the University of Botswana. The results showed moderate levels of employee acceptance of innovations and revealed that, of the four categories of substantive factors analyzed, managerial features were the most important determinants of acceptance of organizational change. It was concluded that management action is needed to boost the levels of acceptance of change and that a more participative approach to the management of the change process is necessary to guarantee the involvement of all stakeholders from the decision-making to the implementation and administration stages of the process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1120 Files in this item: 1
Mulinge_JAB_2008.pdf (1.912Mb) -
Mnjama, N. (SAGE Publications, http://idv.sagepub.com, June NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: More and more companies in the developing world are desiring to export their products to the western world. How ever, in as much as the western world would wish to trade with developing countries, they need some assurance that the products are of the highest possible standards. To date the only standards that are recognized by both western and developing countries are ISO standards. The certification process demands among other things an assurance by the supplier that he (the supplier) has a well documented, effective and efficient procedures for maintaining all records pertaining to its products. This article looks at the case of Botswana Meat Commission, one of the major exporters of beef products in Africa, and shows the procedure it has followed to establish a quality system for managing its records. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/703 Files in this item: 1
Mnjama_ID_2000.pdf (560.8Kb) -
Simon, R.E.; Wright, C.; Kwadiba, M.T.O.; Kgaswane, E.M. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Average one-dimensional P and S wavespeed models from the surface to depths of 800 km were derived for the southern African region using travel times and waveforms from earthquakes recorded at stations of the Kaapvaal and South African seismic networks. The Herglotz–Wiechert method combined with ray tracing was used to derive a preliminary P wavespeed model, followed by refinements using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms to yield the final model. Travel times combined with ray tracing were used to derive the S wavespeed model, which was also refined using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms. The presence of a high wavespeed upper mantle lid in the S model overlying a low wavespeed zone (LWZ) around 210- to - 345-km depth that is not observed in the P wavespeed model was inferred. The 410-km discontinuity shows similar characteristics to that in other continental regions, but occurs slightly deeper at 420 km. Depletion of iron and/or enrichment in aluminium relative to other regions are the preferred explanation, since the P wavespeeds throughout the transition zone are slightly higher than average. The average S wavespeed structure beneath southern Africa within and below the transition zone is similar to that of the IASP91 model. There is no evidence for discontinuity at 520-km depth. The 660-km discontinuity also appears to be slightly deeper than average (668 km), although the estimated thickness of the transition zone is 248 km, similar to the global average of 241 km. The small size of the 660-km discontinuity for P waves, compared with many other regions, suggests that interpretation of the discontinuity as the transformation of spinel to perovskite and magnesiowu¨ stite may require modification. Alternative explanations include the presence of garnetite-rich material or ilmenite-forming phase transformations above the 660-km discontinuity, and the garnet– perovskite transformation as the discontinuity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/265 Files in this item: 1
Simon_L71_2003.pdf (2.274Mb) -
Nitza, A.; Chilisa, B.; Makwinja-Morara, V. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, June NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This article describes a small group intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescent girls in Botswana. The psychoeducational group model is designed to empower girls to overcome the gender inequality that puts women at increased risk of HIV infection in the country. Group goals include heightening group members' awareness of the influence of the restrictive social messages that surround them and assisting them in developing efficacy and skills to combat the barriers they face. Specific goals, strategies, and interventions for the initial, middle, and termination stages of the group are described. Indigenous and culturally relevant interventions are included in each stage. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/549 Files in this item: 1
Chilisa_JSGW_2010.pdf (548.7Kb) -
Oladiran, M.T. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description, NaN, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: The use of solar energy is well established for low-grade thermal applications such as water heating and purification. In many of the solar systems, the collector surface located in the Northern Hemisphere faces the true south direction. However, there are occasions in which the radiation received by the collector at various orientations is desirable, such as a collector incorporated with a tracking system. The data for such situations are not available for several solar farms in Nigeria. Consequently, in this study, the average global radiation on flat surfaces was determined for three zones in Nigeria. The total insolation was obtained while the surface azimuth angle was varied between 0° and 75° at 15° intervals. The results are presented for three inclinations of the collector surface, namely L − 10, L, and L + 10 degrees respectively. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/671 Files in this item: 1
Oladiran_AE_1995.pdf (1.847Mb) -
Foster, J.D.G.; Uziak, J.; Loukanov, I.A. (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1475-1305, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This study presents the experimental setup and results of measurement of forces and moments in a manually operated ram press machine. Tests were conducted on a BP30 ram press using electrical resistance strain gauges to measure forces present in the machine under operating conditions. The forces were obtained by capturing data for the strains in six channels, using a digital instrument system, and later calculated by using the sensitivity factors. A method was proposed to estimate the tension force and bending moment in the connecting rods based on the sums and differences of measured strains. Results obtained were converted into spreadsheet data and presented in graphs versus the position angle of the operating lever. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/633 Files in this item: 1
Foster_SIJEM_2009.pdf (460.1Kb) -
Garg, A.K.; Joubert, R.J.O.; Pellissier, R. (College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa. http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=16434, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Most studies consider business performance to be a multidimensional construct. Four dimensions (namely, business growth, profitability, image and customer loyalty, and product service innovativeness) were hypothesised to validate a measure for business performance in the South African context. Using partial least squares, 22 responses from top executives of banks in South Africa were analysed to test the validity of the four dimensions of business performance. The results of the study suggest that the nonfinancial dimensions (namely, image and customer loyalty, and product service innovation) are not valid dimensions for measuring business performance, while the other two dimensions (namely, business growth and profitability) show a high degree of correlation. This indicates that business growth is aligned with profitability, that growth for profitability is a major concern, and that profitability still remains the key measure of business performance in the South African banking sector. Parameters such as customer loyalty and innovativeness are not regarded as important for business performance, although these could be pressing issues for banks. The paper also validates a questionnaire that can be used to measure business performance and reviews various methods for measuring business performance. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/296 Files in this item: 1
Garg_SAJBR_2004.pdf (188.9Kb) -
Malope, P.; Gobotswang, K.; Gabaitire, L.; Ntseane, P. (Botswana College of Agriculture; http://www.bca.bw/Research/bojaasBca/Bojass_JournalsIndex1.htm, January NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: With an estimated 38% of the sexually active population infected, Botswana has one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV and AIDS. Since HIV and AIDS affect the most productive section of the population, it is expected to have a negative impact on the labour intensive agricultural sector. The study aims at measuring the impacts of HIV and AIDS on agricultural production in Botswana. The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between July and September 2004 in three selected areas.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/222 Files in this item: 2
Gobotswang_BJAAS_2007.pdf (335.3Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
De Waele, B.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Mapani, B.S.E.; Tembo, F. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The Mesoproterozoic Irumide belt is a northeast-trending structural province stretching from central Zambia to the Zambia–Tanzania border and northern Malawi. Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic transcurrent shear zones within reactivated parts of the Palaeoproterozoic Ubendian belt define its northeastern limit. The northwestern margin is defined by the largely undeformed basement lithologies of the Bangweulu block. An intensely folded and sheared zone at the southeastern margin of the Mporokoso Group sedimentary depocentre on the Bangweulu block, interpreted to have developed above a thrust at the basement-cover interface, indicates that far-field effects of the Irumide Orogen also affected the southeastern part of the Bangweulu block sedimentary cover. To the west and southwest, Irumide and basement lithologies were reworked by the Damara–Lufilian–Zambezi Orogen within the Neoproterozoic Zambezi and Lufilian belts. The Choma–Kalomo block, previously regarded as the southwesterly continuation of the Irumide belt, is a distinct Mesoproterozoic province, while a succession of structurally juxtaposed tectonic terranes in eastern Zambia record a deformation event related to the Irumide Orogen. The lithological units identified in the Irumide belt include: (1) limited Neoarchaean rocks emplaced between 2.73 and 2.61 Ga and representing the oldest rocks in the Bangweulu block; (2) ca. 2.05–1.85 Ga volcano-plutonic complexes and gneisses representing the most important components in the Bangweulu block; (3) an extensive quartzite–metapelite succession with minor carbonate forming the Muva Supergroup, and deposited at ca. 1.85 Ga; (4) granitoids emplaced between 1.65 and 1.55 Ga; (5) a minor suite of anorogenic plutons (nepheline syenite and biotite granite) restricted to the far northeastern Irumide belt and emplaced between 1.36 and 1.33 Ga; (6) voluminous syn- to post-kinematic Irumide granitoids emplaced between 1.05 and 0.95 Ga. Crustal shortening and thickening in the Irumide belt are shown by northwestward-directed thrusts and related folds and metamorphic parageneses recording a clockwise medium-pressure/medium-temperature P–T–t path. Metamorphic grades range from greenschist facies in the foreland to the northwest to upper amphibolite facies in the southeast, with local granulites. Peak metamorphism is diachronous across the belt and bracketed between 1.05 in the southeast and 1.02 Ga in the northwest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/398 Files in this item: 1
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Becker, T.; Schreiber, U.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Armstrong, R. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Two main Mesoproterozoic provinces occur in southern Namibia: (1) The high-grade Namaqua Metamorphic Complex (NMC) composed of a supracrustal sedimentary succession and interpreted as a passive margin sequence in the west of the Kalahari craton; (2) The Sinclair Group and its northeastern correlatives, composed of two main magmatic and metamorphic units, reflecting northeast-directed subduction, which started before 1.37 Ga and lasted until about 1.1 Ga. These two units were tectonically juxtaposed during the 1.1– 1.03 Ga Namaqua orogenic event. The Kairab–Kumbis Metamorphic Complex comprises metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks intruded by the 1.37 Ga arc-related Aunis tonalite. The mafic volcanic rocks from this complex have geochemical features of island arc calcalkaline basalts; they were emplaced and metamorphosed along an active margin before 1.37 Ga. The 1.2–1.1 Ga low-grade unmetamorphosed volcanic and immature sedimentary rocks of the Sinclair Group and its northwestern equivalents rest disconformably on the Kairab–Kumbis Complex. They occur in fault-bounded depocenters defining a regional arc-shape structure up to 100 km-wide and with a minimum length of 2000 km. The plate tectonic setting of this arc is best constrained by the composition of volcanic rocks from the 1.2 Ga Barby Formation and coeval granitoids; they comprise high-K calcalkaline rocks suggesting emplacement in an active continental margin setting. The final stage of this continental arc evolution is recorded in the <1.1 Ga tholeiites of the Opdam Formation. High Ti-content and flat REEpatterns in the tholeiites suggests an extensional event, whereas high Th/Ta and La/Nb ratios, low Ce/Pb values and negative anomalies for Nb–Ta suggest a subduction-related setting for the mantle source from which the mafic magmas were derived. Docking of continents led to the slab detachment, allowing interaction between the asthenospheric mantle and the mantle wedge enriched during the subduction process. The magmatic underplating related to this event induced the genesis of large-scale batholitic granitoid bodies in the NMC and a 1.1–1.0 Ga high-grade LP/HT metamorphism, with mineral assemblages indicating an anti-clockwise P–T–t path. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/385 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2006RocksofNamibia.pdf (3.444Mb) -
Morapedi, W.G. (Taylor & Francis, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: This article grapples with issues that have largely remained outside the realms of migrant labour studies in colonial Botswana: the positive input of migrant wages to agricultural production and the effects of migrant wages on the differentiation of the peasantry. Although this article endorses the conventional view that migrant labour had detrimental effects on crop production and animal husbandry, it departs from previous studies in that it argues that the extent to which migrant labour led to `underdevelopment’ has not been suf® ciently demonstrated. It is also argued that migrant labour made it possible for those at the lower level of society to rise through the emerging strati® cations of the Tswana, and contributed positively to the general economies of the peasantries in Botswana’ s reserves URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/420 Files in this item: 1
Morapedi_JSAS_1999.pdf (2.123Mb) -
Atlhopheng, J.R.; Ekosse, G. I. E. (Bioline http://www.bioline.org, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: A mineralogical investigation of duricrust suites in Letlhakeng valley, and five pans around Jwaneng in Botswana was undertaken in order to know the mineral assemblages and infer on their landscape formation. In Letlhakeng, duricrusts comprised calcretes, silcretes and ferricretes. Calcretes were dominated by the minerals: calcite, quartz and to a lesser extent dolomite. Silcrete mineralogy was dominated by quartz, opal, and some occurrences of palygorskite, microcline and rutile. The intermediate forms of cal-silcretes yielded quartz, muscovite, and kaolinite. Ferricretes occurred on an area of the valley capping, with minerals dominated by goethite and haematite. The indurates are believed to have been formed through groundwater mechanisms. The general lowering of the valley, led to precipitation of the duricrusts. The pans were dominated by calcrete and silcrete only. The calcretes mineralogy was mainly calcite, dolomite and quartz. Illite-montmorillonite and sepiollite were also present. Samples of pan clay floor, other than being dominated by calcite, dolomite and quartz, also had sepiollite ferrian. Pans and valleys are accumulation sites, with polygenetic modes of genesis. The duricrusts have undergone several alterations throughout time. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/679 Files in this item: 1
Atlhopheng_JASEM_2007.pdf (494.4Kb) -
Meck, M.L.; Atlhopheng, J.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Ringrose, S.; Diskin, S. (Bentham Open, http://www.benthamscience.com/open/tomj/index.htm, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: This study set out to establish the major minerals at Dorowa and determine which of those are likely to host metals that may leach into surface and groundwater. This study comes after a preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine in Zimbabwe showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before the mining area. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) was used to establish the major minerals at Dorowa whilst Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) was used to establish the chemistry of the rocks. The results from this study show that the major minerals in the rocks around Dorowa are feldspars, pyroxenes, apatite, magnetite and calcite. The metals hosted by the rocks include Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sb, Se and Zn. The study concludes that the minerals likely to host metals are calcite and apatite. Metal hosting is higher in apatite minerals than in calcite. Metal hosting by the other minerals observed in the study area is low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1109 Files in this item: 1
Atlhopheng_OMJ_2011.pdf (848.6Kb) -
Meck, M.; Atlhopheng, J.; Masamba, W.; Ringrose, S.; Diskin, S. (Bentham Open, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This study set out to establish the major minerals at Dorowa and determine which of those are likely to host metals that may leach into surface and groundwater. This study comes after a preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine in Zimbabwe showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before the mining area. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) was used to establish the major minerals at Dorowa whilst Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) was used to establish the chemistry of the rocks. The results from this study show that the major minerals in the rocks around Dorowa are feldspars, pyroxenes, apatite, magnetite and calcite. The metals hosted by the rocks include Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Sb, Se and Zn. The study concludes that the minerals likely to host metals are calcite and apatite. Metal hosting is higher in apatite minerals than in calcite. Metal hosting by the other minerals observed in the study area is low. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/932 Files in this item: 1
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Mgadla, P.T. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana, NaN, 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is about the introduction of western education by Missionaries in Africa. These European Missionaries left their homes for religius reasons, to convert the "heathens" to the christian religion. Convertion to christian religion faced many hurdles like language barriers, cultural beliefs and that the people to be converted were illiterate. The converts to be had to be taught how to read and write to be able to interpret the bible. The education offered by Missionaries was tended to be scriptural in nature because the intended converts were supposed to read and understandthe great book of God - the Bible. Emphasis was on religious studies. Missionaries targeted African leaders such as Chiefs in their endeavor to convert and also to introduce western education. Once the leaders were convinced and converted in the new religion and education, they would influence the dissemination of the new faith to their groups or tribes. Western education was introduced in the manner such as described above among Batswana. The Missionaries who introduced western education and christianity were members of the London Missiory Society (LMS) formed in 1795 and these were Dr. Robert Moffat and Dr. Livingstone. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/475 Files in this item: 1
Mgadla_PJAS_1997.pdf (827.3Kb)