Browsing by Title
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Matiki, A.J. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandif.co.uk/journals, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines recent attempts by the Malawi government to introduce local languages into the primary school system and other secondary domains of national life, breaking more than 30 years of Chichewa/English monopoly. In a country where the language policy has essentially established the hegemony of English over indigenous languages, the fundamental question that this policy must consider should revolve around the role that these languages can play in the development of Malawi(ans) from a traditionally oral to an increasingly literate culture, ever more connected to the international community through the English language. For many Malawians, economic success is predicated on one’s ability to speak, read and write English. There are, therefore, enormous attitudinal, political, economic and social problems that the policy has to contend with. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/469 Files in this item: 2
Matiki_IJBEB_2006.pdf (1.462Mb)Matiki_IJBEB_2006.pdf (1.462Mb) -
Cailteux, J.L.H.; Kampunzu, A.B.H.; Batumike, M.J. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoproterozoic Katangan R.A.T. ("Roches Argilo-Talqueuses") Subgroup is a sedimentary sequence composed of red massive to irregularly bedded terrigenous-dolomitic rocks occurring at the base of the Katangan succession in Congo. Red R.A.T. is rarely exposed in a continuous section because it was affected by a major layer-parallel de´collement during the Lufilian thrusting. However, in a number of thrust sheets, Red R.A.T. is in conformable sedimentary contact with Grey R.A.T which forms the base of the Mines Subgroup. Apart from the colour difference reflecting distinct depositional redox conditions, lithological, petrographical and geochemical features of Red and Grey R.A.T. are similar. A continuous sedimentary transition between these two lithological units is shown by the occurrence of variegated to yellowish R.A.T. The D. Strat. "Dolomies Stratifie´es" formation of the Mines Subgroup conformably overlies the Grey R.A.T. In addition, a transitional gradation between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. occurs in most Cu–Co mines in Katanga and is marked by interbedding of Grey R.A.T.-type and D. Strat.-type layers or by a progressive petrographic and lithologic transition from R.A.T. to D. Strat. Thus, there is an unquestionable sedimentary transition between Grey R.A.T. and D. Strat. and between Grey R.A.T. and Red R.A.T. The R.A.T. Subgroup stratigraphically underlies the Mines Subgroup and therefore R.A.T. cannot be comprised of syn-orogenic sediments deposited upon the Kundelungu (formerly ‘‘Upper Kundelungu’’) Group as suggested by Wendorff (2000). As a consequence, the Grey R.A.T. Cu–Co mineralisation definitely is part of the Mines Subgroup Lower Orebody, and does not represent a distinct generation of stratiform Cu–Co sulphide mineralisation younger than the Roan orebodies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/391 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005Lithostratigraphic.pdf (1.922Mb) -
Nkomazana, F. (University of Botswana, National Institute of Development and Cultural Reseach, http://www.thuto.org/pula/html/pula-home-page.htm, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: David Livingstone is often misunderstood as being a conscious promoter of European colonization of Africa. On the contrary, he believed that the key to Africa's future was the stimulation of indigenous development and good government. Such 'civilization' could only be achieved by the combination of Christianity with legitimate commerce, to replace the Slave Trade which had been the bane of Africa's development for centuries. This paper traces the roots of Livingstone's belief in the combination of moral and material betterment, derived from his personal origins and the Evangelical and Anti-Slavery movements. It shows how these ideas matured during his mission days among the BaTswana, during which he began to travel north to the Zambezi and beyond. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/734 Files in this item: 1
NKomazana_PBJAS_1998.pdf (2.757Mb) -
Mfundisi, A. (Made Plain Commucation, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This chapter looks at local governance in the context of the national integrity system. Local councils provide local services and incur financial expenses within the statutory framework set by the central government. The chapter first looks at the legal and policy framework to ascertain whether it facilitates transparency, accountability and integrity in the local government system. Secondly, the accountability of local governance is examined. Thirdly, the relationship between local government finance and local integrity system is explored. Lastly, anti-corruption agencies are examined to assess their effectiveness in fighting corruption at local government level. The chapter concludes that local government is not actively involved in anti-corruption activities and makes some key recommendations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/595 Files in this item: 1
Mfundisi_TACB_2008.pdf (1.799Mb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Taylor & Francis Ltd, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/cepe, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: In sub-Saharan Africa, communal land resource utilization and management has reflected changes in sociocultural belief systems, population dynamics, and modes of societal administration and regulation. This paper, based on archival evidence, attempts to substantiate this assumption through an illustrative case study on biomass depletion around large settlements in Botswana. It also suggests that a revisit to certain traditional institutional and sociocultural practices on natural resource management might provide useful insights towards the sustainable utilization of wood resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/959 Files in this item: 1
Gwebu_EPE_2002.pdf (597.0Kb) -
Bond, J.M.; Veenedaal, E.M.; Hornby, D.D.; Gray, A.J. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, http://www.springerlink.com, November 28, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: One of the major problems in determining the origin of invasive species is that often their arrival is unnoticed. Only when population levels increase is their presence noticed but by this time determining the point of arrival is confounded by the extensive spread of the species. Here we use molecular markers (ISSRs) to determine the origin of an invasive weed in the Kalahari region, a species for which several origins could be possible. We show that molecular markers can be useful tools in determining the origin of invasive species. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1025 Files in this item: 1
Bond_2002.pdf (2.049Mb) -
Ganesan, C.T. (University of Botswana, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid countries such as Botswana; call for judicious planning and economic use. In this connection many water saving components and appliances have been devised. One such system for example is the partial flushing unit fitted to water closets, which cause the volume and flow of water in the drainage system decrease, compared with the ordinary systems. To maintain a sufficient transportation in drainage pipes connected to low flush water closets (water closets with a flow less than 6 litres per flush)it is necessary to follow a set of rules used in conventional systems. Author suggests that in countries like Botswana where availability of water is unpredictable only 4 litres per flush can be allowed for successful operations. In this paper certain rules for design and dimensioning drainage pipes for water saving systems are proposed. Besides the paper presents a complete general survey of the influence of branches and bends illustrated by means of drawings and descriptions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/618 Files in this item: 1
Ganesan_BJT_1999.pdf (1.079Mb) -
King, J.G.; Williams, W. (American Geophysical Union. http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/, NaN, NaN)[more][less]
Abstract: Although several studies have recommended removal of secondary components of magnetic remanence by zero-field cycling from room temperature to a temperature much lower than the low temperature transition for magnetite (about 120 K), the method has not become a standard routine technique. This is partly due to the poor understanding of the behavior of magnetite particles at the low-temperature transition zone. Previous experiments by other researchers have used magnetite powders. In such powders it is always possible to attribute any discrepancy between the results observed and theory to possible existence of magnetostatic interaction effects or existence of elongated particles in samples presumed to contain only equant particles. Such factors need to be eliminated in order to have a better understanding of the low temperature behavior of magnetite particles. Low-temperature magnetic properties of lithographically produced arrays of both interacting and noninteracting cubic magnetite particles as well as those from powder particles have been measured as part of this study. A gradual increase in the amount of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) lost at the Verwey transition Tv with increasing particle size in the pseudo-single-domain size range has been observed. This behavior is consistent with the vortex state domain structure. The grain size dependence of the amount of SIRM lost at Tv is most probably what previous researchers reported as a magnetic memory particle-size-dependent trend. Magnetic memory measured during the cooling and warming process is shown to be a stress-related phenomenon. Such measurements could be useful in assessing the nature of stress in a magnetite sample. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/347 Files in this item: 1
King_JGR_2000.pdf (2.594Mb) -
Nijegorodov, N.; Mabbs, R. (Elsevier Science BV; www.elsevier.com/locate/saa, January 15, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: [Please note that the mathematical symbols have not transposed into this abstact].The luminescent and laser properties of heteroaromatic and aromatic compounds are reviewed and discussed on the basis of all possible mutual arrangements of singlet and triplet states. All heteroaromatic compounds are divided into five classes. It is shown that a heteroaromatic compound can only be an effective laser dye if it belongs to class V (a situation where the Tn_* level lies at higher energy than the S__* 1 level). Moreover, it is shown that the energy interval between the Tn_* and S__* 1 states must be no less than 1000 cmâ 1 since the rate constant of the non-radiative process S__*1 _Tn_*_T__1 is usually 100 times greater than the fluorescence rate constant. The classification is extended to compounds with orbitals of _l,_*, _,__* and _l,__* nature. Pure aromatic compounds, the spectral-luminescent properties of which are solely determined by transitions of _-electrons (_ _ _*), are also divided into five classes, depending on the mutual arrangement of the Sp(1La), S_(1Lb), Tp(3La) and T_(3Bb) states. It is found that only aromatic compounds of classes IV and V can be effective scintillators and laser dyes. It is also shown that the energy interval S_â Sp (for class IV) and T_â Sp (for class V) must be no less than 1000 cmâ 1. To illustrate the classifications for heteroaromatic and aromatic compounds, 12 specifically chosen compounds were studied experimentally and quantum chemically. The quantum yields, _ and decay times, _f of fluorescence in aerated and non-deaerated ethanol or cyclohexane solutions were measured. The oscillator strength, fe, fluorescence rate constant, kf, natural lifetimes, _0 T and intersystem crossing rate constants, kST are calculated. The laser ability of each of the compounds studied is tested. The suggested classification schemes can be extremely useful in the quest for effective scintillators and laser dyes among hypothetical heteroaromatic and aromatic molecules, enabling evaluation of these properties for a particular compound using only quantum chemical simulations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/136 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)nijegorodov_sa_2002.pdf (1.811Mb) -
Cainelli, F.; Vallone, A.; Tanko, M. N.; Vento, S. (Elsevier, http://www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Lymphadenopathy was identified as an essential feature of AIDS soon after its appearance and before the identification of HIV as its cause.¹ However, lymphadenopathy has not subsequently received much attention. Recently, two studies have allowed lymph nodes to regain centre stage. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/582 Files in this item: 1
Lymph nodes and pathogenesis.pdf (355.1Kb) -
Muxworthy, A.R.; King, J.G.; Odling, N. (AGU and the Geochemical Society. http://www.agu.org/journals/gc/index.shtml, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The magnetic hysteresis properties for well-defined micron-sized magnetite samples produced by electron beam lithography (EBL) are presented. In addition to measuring standard hysteresis parameters, first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams are also reported. EBL produces samples that consist of particles with very tightly constrained size distributions, and spatial distributions that govern the degree of intergrain magnetostatic interactions are accurately controlled and known. Thus EBL samples are significantly better characterized compared to powdered samples, which are conventionally used to characterize the size dependency of magnetic hysteresis properties of naturally occurring magnetic minerals. Compared with the hysteresis properties of powdered samples of the same nominal sizes, EBL samples display more multidomain-like (MD) behavior. The influence of magnetostatic interactions fields on hysteresis properties is analyzed. When magnetostatic interactions are effectively in only one direction, the hysteresis properties become more single domain-like, and if the interactions are in more than one direction, hysteresis becomes more MD-like, in agreement with numerical models. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/360 Files in this item: 1
Muxworthy_GGG_2006.pdf (1.589Mb) -
King, J G; Ranganai, RT (BOSHASTED, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Emissions of vehicles represent a significant contribution to environmental pollution along roads. Pollutants from cars include gases such as (NOx, CO, CO2), solid components such as sort particles from exhaust system, abrasion products from the brakes and engine etc (Leven et al., 1999). Aerosols pollutants can reduce significantly the quality of the environment and seriously affect human health e.g. by contributing to high rates of allergies or diseases of the respiratory system. In this study, samples were collected at various distances from a busy road, Gaborone-Tlokweng road near Game store. Non-magnetic adhesive paper pieces were used as sample collectors. Magnetic properties of the aerosols collected were measured using a highly sensitive magnetometer (AGM-Micromag). Magnetic properties measured include total magnetic moment, hysteresis loops and associated parameters such as coercivity. In general, observed hysteresis loops are typical for magnetite. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/406 Files in this item: 1
King_BOSHASTED_2000.pdf (159.1Kb) -
Ketlhoilwe, M. J.; Jeremiah, K. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, June NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Environment and sustainability issues are contemporary in educational innovations in institutions of higher education particularly in their core business regarding teaching, research and community engagement. The introduction and implementation of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD) (2005-2014) has added impetus to the contemporariness of environment and sustainability issues in education. This paper is based on the empirical data generated within a selection of University of Botswana departments and units to determine the extent to which sustainability issues and concerns are implemented. The paper provides the outcome of the audit exercise that indicated that some of the University of Botswana departments and units are not incorporating sustainability issues in their practices (be it in teaching, research, community engagement or management practices). The paper recommends a systematic approach to mainstream environment and sustainability issues across the faculties. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/975 Files in this item: 1
Ketlhoilwe_IJSRE_2010.pdf (1.417Mb) -
Kampunzu, A.B.; Tombale, A.R.; Zhaia, M.; Bagai, Z.; Majaule, T.; Modisi, M.P. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/lithos, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoarchaean Tati granite–greenstone terrane occurs within the southwestern part of the Zimbabwe craton in NE Botswana. It comprises 10 intrusive bodies forming part of three distinct plutonic suites: (1) an earlier TTG suite dominated by tonalites, trondhjemites, Na-granites distributed into high-Al (Group 1) and low-Al (Group 2) TTG sub-suite rocks; (2) a Sanukitoid suite including gabbros and Mg-diorites; and (3) a younger high-K granite suite displaying I-type, calc-alkaline affinities. The Group 1 TTG sub-suite rocks are marked by high Sr/Y values and strongly fractionated chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns, with no Eu anomaly. The Group 2 TTG sub-suite displays higher LREE contents, negative Eu anomaly and small to no fractionation of HREE. The primordial mantle-normalized patterns of the Francistown TTGs are marked by negative Nb–Ti anomalies. The geochemical characteristics of the TTG rocks are consistent with features of silicate melts from partial melting of flat subducting slabs for the Group 1 sub-suite and partial melting of arc mafic magmas underplated in the lower crust for the Group 2 sub-suite. The gabbros and high-Mg diorites of the Sanukitoid suite are marked by Mg#>0.5, high Al2O3 (>>16%), low TiO2 ( < 0.6%) and variable enrichment of HFSE and LILE. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are flat in gabbros and mildly to substantially fractionated in high-Mg diorites, with minor negative or positive Eu anomalies. The primordial mantle-normalized diagrams display negative Nb–Ti (and Zr in gabbros) anomalies. Variable but high Sr/Y, Sr/Ce, La/Nb, Th/Ta and Cs/La and low Ce/Pb ratios mark the Sanukitoid suite rocks. These geochemical features are consistent with melting of a sub-arc heterogeneously metasomatised mantle wedge source predominantly enriched by earlier TTG melts and fluids from dehydration of a subducting slab. Melting of the mantle wedge is consistent with a steeper subduction system. The late to post-kinematic high-K granite suite includes I-type calc-alkaline rocks generated through crustal partial melting of earlier TTG material. The Neoarchaean tectonic evolution of the Zimbabwe craton is shown to mark a broad continental magmatic arc (and related accretionary thrusts and sedimentary basins) linked to a subduction zone, which operated within the Limpopo– Shashe belt atf2.8–2.65 Ga. The detachment of the subducting slab led to the uprise of a hotter mantle section as the source of heat inducing crustal partial melting of juvenile TTG material to produce the high-K granite suite. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/381 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2003Majorandtrace element.pdf (2.863Mb) -
Parsons, N. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This article is about the way people of Tswana origin related with non Tswana speaking people and how they referred to them. It talks about how some of the non Tswana speaking people especially the Whites or Makgowa came into being as seen by the Tswana and other inhabitants of Southern Africa. The article also talks about trade, Traders and Travellers among the Tswana, other Africans in Southern Africa and the Whites (Makgowa,the Boers (Maburu), the Portuguese in Southern Africa. The barrier between "us" and "them" (or in postmodern-speak, "the other") in Sotho- Tswana language is said to be most clearly demarcated by the mo-! ba- (singular! plural) distinction in noun prefixes given to "us" people and the le-! ma- prefixes given to "them" people. This being a mirror image of Nguni usage, where "us" are ama- and "they" are abe-. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1102 Files in this item: 1
Parsons_PULA_1997.pdf (2.020Mb) -
Togarasei, L. (Unisa Press, http://www.unisa.ac.za & Routledge, http://www.informaworld.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Statistics show that at present there are more gospel musicians in Zimbabwe than secular musicians. Consequently this paradigm shift has not gone unquestioned. People have asked what the mission of these gospel musicians is. Are they true ministers of the Word, or lovers of money clothed in ministerial garments? This article attempts to analyse the mission of gospel musicians. Since the gospel musicians we are discussing and those who criticise them are mainly Christians whose views are shaped by their understanding of the Bible, my analysis will be from a biblical (i.e. Christian) perspective. Data from informal interviews with some Zimbabwean gospel musicians and fans, as well as songs from CDs and video cassettes were used in the analysis. The article is divided into four sections: The first defines and gives a brief history of gospel music in Zimbabwe. It is followed by a presentation of the criticisms brought against gospel musicians. The third section is a critical review of the mission of the musicians: Are they making money or spreading the gospel, or they are making money and spreading the gospel? The fourth section attempts a theology of gospel music before a conclusion wraps up the article. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1092 Files in this item: 1
Togarasei_MJMRA_2007.pdf (5.238Mb) -
Mogalakwe, M. (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, www.emeraldinsight.com/, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether expatriate workers in Botswana are a labour aristocracy. Design/methodology/approach - This is a case study based on documentary research methods. Findings - The evidence presented supports the case for the existence of a foreign labour aristicracy in Botswana. The labour aristocracy thesis has come under attack for describing the better-paid workers aslabour aristocrats and for its failure to take cognizance of the heterogeneity of the working class. Although it appears that the thesis has now been relegated to the periphery of labour studies debates, evidence from Botswana of a two tier wage structure, one for citizens and another for "expatriates", resonates with the basic tenets of the labour aristocracy thesis. Research limitations/implications - There is a need to revisit the debate and for more case studies from different Third World countries. Practical implications - The paper highlights the difficulties faced by citizen employees in Botswana in seeking to improve their material conditions. Originality/value - This paper reveals a linkage between a wages policy and the notion of national development in a specific society. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/892 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_ER_2008.pdf (817.5Kb) -
Acquah, B. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The need for productivity increases in the agricultural sector in Botswana in order to help improve farm incomes, especially incomes of resource-poor farmers, has been an important concern in the poverty alleviation effort in the country. Appropriate technology generation and dissemination in both the crop and livestock production sub-sectors hold the promise of improving agricultural productivity. This paper discusses how the farming systems approach (FSA) can contribute to the successful generation and dissemination of appropriate agricultural technologies. The paper concludes that prerequisites for success in the technology generation and dissemination process include the political will to do so, adequate funding, the provision of relevant technical personnel and the willing participation offarmers in the technology generation process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/770 Files in this item: 1
Acquah_PBJAS_2003.pdf (480.9Kb) -
Mookodi, G. (CODESRIA, http://www.codesria.org, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: Male violence against women has become commonplace in contemporary Botswana. Analyses of gender-based violence in Botswana indicate that men are acting out their dominance through acts of violence. This dominance is created and reinforced by patriarchal beliefs and practics. The discussions are characterised by notions of female victimhood and universal male dominance. This paper contextualises male violence agaisnt women by examining the role played by economic and social change in the shaping of gender identities and relations. I show that while contemporary forms of male dominance have resulted from their privileged access over time to resources such as wages and property, men also face uncertainties of unemployment and reduced social status. I also show that rather than assuming the role of passive victims, women have developed, and continue to develop, contradictory survival strategies such as cohabitation and sexual relations that not only reinforce notions of male dominance but sometimes also challenge power relations and render some men victims. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/714 Files in this item: 1
Mookodi_ASR_2004.pdf (1.452Mb) -
Akpabio, E. (Routledge (Taylor and Francis), http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: In May 2004, an allegation that indomie noodles were causing illness and death started making the rounds and driving fear into the minds of loyal consumers in Nigeria. After thorough investigations, NAFDAC gave De-United Foods, makers of indomie noodles, a clean bill of health. The study sought, from the purview of fear appeal postulation, to determine the attitude of consumers to the noodles during and after the crisis. Findings indicate that even though the company had made appreciable progress in winning back consumers' confidence it has to do more to regain lost market share. The study recommends using adverts featuring health professionals and credible persons who would be depicted as endorsing the product, thus serving as reassurances to consumers that are still holding out. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/468 Files in this item: 2
Akpabio_IJSC_2008.pdf (7.055Mb)Akpabio_IJSC_2008.pdf (7.055Mb)