Browsing by Title
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Adeyemi, M.B. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, July NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper identifies the aims and contents directly linked to the teaching and learning of the concept of democracy at the junior secondary school level in Botswana. It examines the perceived extent to which the objectives of teaching the concept of democracy has been achieved by 72 social studies teachers, in addition to finding out the perceived challenges they face and their suggested solutions while teaching topics related to democracy. It was found that the majority of the social studies teachers believe that the level of the achievement of the teaching of the aims is either average or above average. The problems of defining the concept of democracy and the handling of mixed ability students were identiified as major challenges to the teaching of the concept of democracy in social studies. The study found a moderate but positive correlation between the self-assessment of 36 purposively selected subjects from the 72 social studies teachers and the observed attributes on some traits on democracy while teaching a topic on democracy. A correlated t-test further indicates a significant difference between the ratings of the teachers and those of the investigator. It was concluded that a gap exists between theory (what teachers perceive as practicing) and practice (what they actually do in the classrooms). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1044 Files in this item: 1
Adeyemi_ES_2002.pdf (1.951Mb) -
Alemaw, B.F.; Chaoka, T.R.; Totolo, O. (Elsevier Ltd. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/413/description#description, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The agricultural economic sector of Botswana is limited mainly to range resources-based livestock and pockets of arable farming based on rainfall and limited irrigated agriculture at several places. In this study agricultural sustainability of rain-fed agriculture is investigated in Botswana by considering the Pandamatenga plains as a case study. Daily soil moisture regimes with respect to crop growth cycle were modelled using a water balance model based on 42 years of daily hydroclimatic inputs and corresponding simulated components of soil moisture, evaporation, surface runoff, and deep percolation. Using a sustainability criterion on crop water requirement and soil moisture availability during the cropping periods, it was found that rain-fed agriculture of maize, sunflower, and sorghum crops is sustainable. The relative sensitivity to drought of these crops was also found to conform to the Agromisa recommendations. In the pursuit to explore more IWRM opportunities, through the simulation of the corresponding direct runoff, we have also explored that more water harvesting opportunities exist in order to manage rainfall excesses effectively. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/155 Files in this item: 4
alemaw_chaoka_totolo_06.pdf (2.112Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Monyatsi, P.P. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, August NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The development of staff in any organization in order to attain quality results is a sine qua non. The human resource of any organization, including schools and colleges is central to its effectiveness. What matters is the model that is used to enable the development of staff, in this case the development of teachers in secondary schools. This article argues that the school-based workshops as a component of staff development in the schools is the most effective due to several reasons, among them, the contextuality of the approach, it needs-driven nature, and the collaboration and teamwork that are its hallmark. Apart from the above, the study highlights some advantages that accrue such as being costeffective and time saving and not being disruptive to the teaching and learning processes. The study combines both the qualitative and quantitative approaches to research. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/987 Files in this item: 1
Monyatsi_ERR_2006.pdf (916.2Kb) -
Moseki, B.; Buru, J.C. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the growth response of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) (a halophyte) to various NaCl concentrations and hence determine how it is adapted to grow optimally under saline conditions. S. portulacastrum was grown hydroponically in various NaCl concentrations (that is, 0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mol m-3 NaCl). It was found to exhibit a growth pattern typical of dicotyledonous halophytes. It attained maximal growth at 200 mol m-3 NaCl concentration in hydroponic cultures. It accumulated large concentrations of Na+ and Cl- with the leaves having the highest ion content. These ions are believed to be sequestered in the vacuole. S. portulacastrum also accumulated proline in high concentrations and this proline appeared to adjust the cytoplasmic ion concentration to balance that of the vacuole. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/961 Files in this item: 1
Moseki_SRE_2010.pdf (102.5Kb) -
Wolski, P.; Murry-Hudson, M.; Fernkvist, P.; Liden, A.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Ramberg, L. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Groundwater under islands in the Okavango Delta is a known sink of inorganic dissolved minerals, preventing salinisation of this virtually enclosed evaporation-dominated hydrological system. The Okavango Delta is an oligotrophic, yet very productive system, and it is important to understand sources, pathways and recycling of nutrients in order to fully comprehend its ecology. In order to investigate the role of islands as nutrient sinks, concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as major inorganic ions were measured in island and floodplain groundwater. The electrical conductivity was found to be up to 50 times higher in the island centre groundwater than in the surrounding floodplain groundwater. The amount of total phosphorus was found to be up to 400 times higher and total nitrogen up to five times higher in the interior of the island than in the surrounding floodplain. These show that major nutrients are, like other inorganic ions, accumulated under islands. Importantly, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 5:1 in floodplain water and water in island fringe soils, but 1:4 in island centres. his indicates an intensive removal of nitrogen along the floodplain-island groundwater flow path by the floodplain fringe and riparian biota, resulting in a relative enrichment in P. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/950 Files in this item: 1
Wolski 2005 Islands.pdf (1.469Mb) -
Ngamga, D.; Yankep, E.; Tane, P.; Bezabih, M.; Ngadjui, B.T.; Fomum, Z.T.; Abegaz, B.M. (Verlag der Zeitschrift fu¨r Naturforschung, Tu¨bingen · http://znaturforsch.com, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Three new isoflavonoids, griffonianone F, G and H were isolated from the seeds of Millettia griffoniana, along with the known prebarbigerone, pseudobaptigenin, pseudobaptigenin methyl ether, tephrosin, dipterixine, odorantine, 7,4’,5’-tetramethoxyisoflavone and isojamaicin. Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical transformations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/274 Files in this item: 1
Isoflavonoids from Seeds.pdf (1.353Mb) -
Baloi, B.; Matsheka, M.I.; Gashe, B.A. (Global Science Books, http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Halophilic bacteria from the Makgadikgadi salt pans in north central Botswana were isolated using culture-dependent methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis were used to identify the strains. Culturing was done aerobically in six different complex salt media. Salt concentrations used were 1Halophilic bacteria from the Makgadikgadi salt pans in north central Botswana were isolated using culture-dependent methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis were used to identify the strains. Culturing was done aerobically in six different complex salt media. Salt concentrations used were 15, 20, 25 and 30% (2.6, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.1 M, respectively) NaC1, at pH 7.2 to pH 8.0. Four colony morphology types were isolated in axenic cultures comprising Gram-positive cells. Universal bacterila primers were used to amplify 16S rDNA from chromosomal DNA isolated from three of the four distinct colony groups. Restriction enzyme digest analysis of the 16S rDNA revealed seven RFLP types. Five of the RFLP types were subjected to sequencing. Comparison of the 16S rDNA sequence alignment to reference sequence data bases showed samples S2012A3, S2012B2 and S2012B3 to have between 95 and 99% homology to Bacillus sp. BH 164 and Bacillus sp. HS 136T, a novel species recently described as Bacillus persepolensis. Isolate S4102D4 showed 95 to 99% homology to Thalassobacillus sp. JY0201 and Thalassobacillus sp. FIB228 and Halobacillus sp. MO56 species. All five isolates had at least 95% similarity to published sequences implying they could be species within the described genera. A sub-tree drawn to compare the isolates indicated two phyletic lines with S4102D4 being an outlying strain and S2012A3, S2012B and S2012B3 being a closely related clonal group all of which branch from Bacillus sp. BH 164. Pending conclusive culture, biochemical and polar lipid composition data these microorganisms are regarded as previously un-described and therefore novel species of halophilic bacteria. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/920 Files in this item: 1
Matsheka_AJPSB_2011.pdf (525.8Kb) -
Rathedi, M. (Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, www.thuto.org/pula/html/, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: Poverty is a complex problem and reducing it depends upon many interconnected factors. It cannot be attributed to one main cause. Its reduction is possible only by achieving economic growth. An indirect causal connection between growth and poverty reduction can be seen because governments will have greater scope for action through suitable policy measures that can take care of the interests of the poor. In spite of the efforts of most of the developing countries, where the levels of poverty are high, to reduce the magnitude of poverty, the percentage of people living below the poverty level has not been reduced significantly. Of course, international financial institutions have been extending the necessary assistance by setting the goals. But poverty reduction lies in the nature of the growth process itself, as determined by the set of economic policies that are being pursued by governments to justify actions targeted towards the poor. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/883 Files in this item: 1
Rathedi_PBJAS_2003.pdf (574.5Kb) -
Mutula, S. (Emerald Publishing Group Ltd; www.emeraldinsight.com/nlw.htm, July NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper is a spin off of a keynote address that was delivered by the author at the IFLA-Africa section workshop on 'developing and managing digital libraries'that was held in Gaborone Botswana from 23-27 February 2004. The author points out that libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa like their counterparts in the rest of the world are continuing to experience a period of rapid change as they prepare to participate in the global information society. In this endeavour, the libraries face various challenges of economic, technological, content, and information literacy nature. In a global information society, there is need to democratize access to information using ICTs, provide adequate and relevant local content to users and equip them with requisite information literacy skills to efficiently find their way in a maze of information networks. This paper discusses the patterns of ICTs diffusion within libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the implications for the development and management of digital libraries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/167 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)mutula1.pdf (111.9Kb) -
Mgaya, K.V.; Kitindi, E.G. (Inderscience Publishers, http://www.inderscience.com, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Information Technology (IT) skills are important for practising accountants and accounting educators. This paper reports on a study done to evaluate the levels of IT skills of practising and accounting educators in Botswana, as well as their views on the important IT skills for practising accountants. A questionnaire was administered to 27 accounting lecturers and 250 practising accountants. Respondents were asked to indicate their IT skills levels as well as their views on the important IT skills that practising accountants should have. The results show that the self-reported IT skills of practising and accounting educators are lower than what they think practising accountants should have. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/584 Files in this item: 1
E.G.Kitindi.at.el-ISAPAB.pdf (1.742Mb) -
Togarasei, L. (Research and Development Unit, University of Botswana, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Most of the literature on religion and politics in Africa celebrates the role that churches have played in fighting the oppressive yoke of colonialism, in fighting the ills of ethnicity and tribalism and in the process of democratisation in post-colonial Africa. There are, however, few academic works that investigate how churches are affected by secular politics. This article contributes to such an investigation. It does so through a critical examination of the reasons that led to the division of the Family of God Church in Botswana. Its argument is that the reasons that led to the division of this church are not only intra-church but also inter-state politics. From a study of the experiences of this church, the article concludes that although the church may have been experiencing internal problems, its division into two groups was also influenced by inter-state politics between Botswana and Zimbabwe. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/642 Files in this item: 1
Togarasei_PULA_2008.pdf (105.4Kb) -
Fako, T.T.; Forcheh, N. (Taylor & Francis, www.taylorandfrancis.com, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: In this paper the authors examines the extent of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in a national sample of 325 nurses working in hospitals, clinics and health posts in Botswana. The analyses explored the effects of background variables, work context variables, resources variables, recognition and support variables, and union membership on job satisfaction. The findings show that nurses were generally not satisfied with their jobs. Twelve of the 31 variables examined were found to be associated with job satisfaction. Age, basic level of education, level of nursing training, level of income, extent of satisfaction with income, type of health facility, adequacy of telecommunication facilities and overall health since posting were found to have strong and positive associations with job satisfaction. Adequacy of equipment, recognition from supervisors, and overall health before posting had moderate and positive effects on job satisfaction. Satisfaction with current workstation had a positive but weak relationship with job satisfaction. No relationship was found between job satisfaction and other work environment variables such as adequacy of transport, opportunity for in-service training and relationships with peers. Similarly, workload was not found to be an important determinant of job satisfaction among nurses, nor were community involvement and membership of nursing organisations. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1132 Files in this item: 1
Fako_ST_2000.pdf (1.521Mb) -
Shuma-Iwisi, M.V. (University of Botswana, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: One of the application areas of digital multiplexers is in implementation of logic equations. Truth tables can be used as a design tool, but they become very limited when design details are explored.It will be shown in this paper that the Karnaugh map (K-map) is an essential tool in the systematic detailed design of combinational circuits using multiplexers. The K-map will be used in two ways.First as a visual tool and secondly as a tool for decision making criteria. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/619 Files in this item: 1
Suma-Iwisi_BJT_1998.pdf (1.304Mb) -
Jourdan, F.; Fe´raud, G.; Bertrand, H.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Tshoso, G.; Le Gall, B.; Tiercelin, J.-J.; Capiez, P. (Elservier www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The lower Jurassic Karoo–Ferrar magmatism represents one of the most important Phanerozoic continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces. The Karoo CFB province is dominated by tholeiitic traps and apparently radiating giant dyke swarms covering altogether ca. 3 106 km2. This study focuses on the giant N110j-trending Okavango dyke swarm (ODS) stretching over 1500 km across Botswana. This dyke swarm represents the main (failed) arm of the so-called Karoo triple junction that is generally considered as a key marker of the impingement of the Karoo starting mantle plume head. ODS dolerites yield six new plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar plateau (and miniplateau) ages ranging from 178.7F0.7 and 180.9F1.3 Ma. The distribution of the ages along a narrow Gaussian curve suggests a short period of magmatic activity centered around 179 Ma, i.e., f5 Ma younger than the emplacement age of Karoo mafic magmas in the southern part of the Karoo CFB province (f184). This age difference indicates that Karoo magmatism does not represent a short-lived event as is generally the case for most CFB but lasted at least 5Ma over the whole province. In addition, small clusters of plagioclase separated from 28 other dykes and measured by ‘‘speedy’’ step-heating experiments (with mostly two to three steps), gave either ‘‘Karoo’’ or Proterozoic ages. Integrated ages of the Proterozoic rocks range from 851F6 to 1672F7 Ma, and one plateau age (959.1F4.6 Ma) and one possibly geologically significant weightedmean age (982.7F4.0 Ma) were obtained. Proterozoic and Karoo mafic rocks are petrographically similar, but Proterozoic dykes display clear geochemical differences (e.g., TiO2 < 2.1%) with the Karoo high-Ti ODS (TiO2>2.1%). Geochemical data combined with available Ar/Ar dates allow the identification of the two groups within a total set of 77 dykes investigated: f10% of the bulk ODS dykes are Proterozoic. Thus, the Jurassic Karoo ODS dykes were emplaced along reactivated Proterozoic structures and there is no pristine Jurassic Nuanetsi triple junction as commonly proposed. This throws into doubt the validity of the ‘‘active plume head’’ Karoo CFB rift models as being responsible for the observed ‘‘triple junction’’ dyke geometry URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/383 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2004KarooTripleJunction.pdf (1.306Mb) -
Chebanne, A. (Routledge (Taylor and francis) www.routledge.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: The Khoisan people are one of the indigenous peoples of Southern Africa. Botswana has the greatest diversity of these autochthonous communities. As ethnic minorities, they are characterized in the main by small numbers, aboriginality, and necessitousness compared to other ethnic communities who readily engage modern socioeconomic dynamics of the country. They are generally marginalized and their ethnic and social identity is completely eclipsed because in Botswana they are lumped together in cultural and language development with the main society and this has only exacerbated their plight as they are reeling under assimilation and marginalization. This situation has the effect of ethno-linguistic endangerment as they lose their individual ethnic and linguistic identities. Their agitations for ethno-linguistic preservation rights have been put in the lime-light by Human Rights NGOs. This paper examines the condition of these people within the current monolithic cultural framework, which has the effect of annihilating the Khoisan. It argues that handling the Khoisan issues within a multicultural discourse framework would be the most palpable way to cater for their continued existence as indigenous communities. It is through their languages, their preserved ethnicity, and within a framework of multicultural discourses that they can best communicate their identity through their culture. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/999 Files in this item: 1
Chebanne_JMD_2010.pdf (1.755Mb) -
Oyetunji, O.A.; Paphane, B.D.; Becker, C.A.L. (Springer, http://www.springer.com/chemistry/journal/11243, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The interaction of pyridine with four tetraki(arylisocyanide)cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(CNR)4(ClO4)2] R = 2,6- Me2C6H3 (A), 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 (B), 2,6-Et2C6H3 (C) and 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (D), have been studied in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol medium. The kinetics of the reactions were investigated over the 293–318 K temperature range. The reaction profile exhibited two distinct processes, proposed to be an initial fast substitution followed by a slow reduction, for each of the reactions. The pseudo first-order rate constants for both processes increased with increasing concentration of pyridine with the reduction processes exhibiting saturation kinetics at high pyridine concentrations. Steric hindrance plays a significant role in the rates of the reactions, as the rates decrease in the order k(A) > k(B) > k(C) > k(D). The activation enthalpies, DH , increase from A to D while the activation entropies, DS , are relatively similar for the four reactions, indicating similar transition states and hence similar mechanisms. Complex B was first synthesized and characterized in this study. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1033 Files in this item: 1
Oyetunji_TMC_2006.pdf (911.4Kb) -
Moswela, B. (IJLE, http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tled20, January NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The nature of teaching exposes teachers to civil liabilities. In the process of teaching teachers need to discipline students who display bad behaviour. In disciplining the students, teachers use a variety of punishments including corporal punishment. Without knowledge of the legal implications of their actions, inadvertently they may find themselves on the wrong side of the law. This paper makes the argument that knowledge of educational law by teachers has now become imperative given the litigiousness of the parents and their children. Over and above the paper’s exhortation for the introduction of educational law to teacher training institutions, it also argues for the provision of in-service courses in educational law to serving teachers as a lifelong or continuous learning endeavour. This is made following the results of a survey that revealed miniscule or no knowledge of educational law among teachers. The data for the investigation were gathered using a questionnaire survey on teachers and school administrators. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1077 Files in this item: 1
Moswela_IJLE_2008.pdf (2.944Mb) -
Chimbari, M.J.; Shiff, C.J. (Taylor & Francis, May 5, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Preliminary laboratory studies were conducted to determine the molluscicidal potency of Jatropha curcas, the physic nut. Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus globosus snails were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of crushed J. curcas seeds from unripe, ripe and overripe fruits collected from two geographically different sites, (Bindura and Kariba, Zimbabwe). Snail mortalities were compared between different developmental stages of J. curcas and between seed collection areas, and LC50 and LC90 values for the different extracts tested were computed. Biomphalaria glabrata was most susceptible to unripe fruit seed extract (with LC50 values of 282 and 389 mg l-1 being recorded for Kariba-origin and Bindura-origin plants, respectively) and least susceptible to ripe fruit seed extracts (with LC50 values of 605 and 708 mg l-1 being recorded for Kariba-origin and Bindura-origin plants, respectively). Bulinus globosus was most susceptible to overripe fruit seed extract (Kariba-origin plants: LC50, 389 mg l-1) and least susceptible to unripe fruit seed extract (Kariba-origin plants: LC50, 687 mg l-1). The area from which fruits were collected did not influence the potency of J. curcas. The potency of J. curcas depends on both the developmental stage of the fruit and the species of the target snail. In view of its many other uses, besides as a molluscicide, we recommend further studies on J. curcas. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/809 Files in this item: 1
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Muatjetjeja, B.; Chalique, C.M. (Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleListURL&_method=list&_ArticleListID=1120288190&view=c&_acct=C000043160&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=778200&md5=2911144ac0b419d4936d24596384b313, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper aims to classify a generalized coupled Lane–Emden system and to compute the Noether operators corresponding to a Lagrangian for a generalized coupled Lane–Emden system which occurs in the modelling of several physical phenomena such as pattern formation, population evolution and chemical reactions. In addition the first integrals for the Lane–Emden system are constructed with respect to Noether operators. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/416 Files in this item: 1
Muatjetjetja_CNSNS_2009.pdf (467.2Kb) -
Lezine, A-M.; von Grafenstein, U.; Andersen, N.; Belmecheri, S.; Bordon, A.; Caron, B.; Cazet, J.-P.; Erlenkeuser, H.; Fouache, E.; Grenier, C.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Hureau-Mazaudier, D.; Manelli, D.; Mazaud, A.; Robert, C.; Sulpizio, R.; Tiercelin, J.-J.; Zanchetta, G.; Zeqollari, Z. (Elsevier, January 11, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Multi-proxy analyses on core JO2004-1 recovered from Lake Ohrid (40°55.000 N, 20°40.297E, 705 m a.s.l.) provide the first environmental and climate reconstruction in a mountainous area in Southern Europe over the last 140,000 years. The response of both lacustrine and terrestrial environments to climate change has been amplified by the peculiar geomorphological and hydrological setting, with a steep altitudinal gradient in the catchment and a karstic system feeding the lake. The karstic system was active during interglacials, leading to high carbonate production in the lake, and blocked during glacials as a result of extremely cold climate conditions with permafrost in the mountains. At the Riss–Eemian transition (Termination 2) the increase in lacustrine productivity predated forest expansion by about 10,000 years. In contrast, the Late Glacial–Holocene transition (Termination 1) was characterized by the dramatic impact of the Younger Dryas, which initially prevented interglacial carbonate production and delayed its maximum until the mid- Holocene. In contrast, forest expansion was progressive, starting as early as ca. 38,000 ago. The proximity of high mountains and the probable moderating lake effect on local climate conditions promoted forest expansion, and contributed to make the surroundings of Lake Ohrid favourable to forest refugia during the last glacial, usually steppic, period. Our study of sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry, magnetics, palynology and isotopes illustrates the non-linear response of terrestrial and lacustrine ecosystems to similar climate events, and demonstrates the potential of Lake Ohrid as an excellent paleoclimatic archive during the Quaternary. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/607 Files in this item: 1
LakeOhrid.pdf (1.662Mb)