Browsing by Title
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Mogalakwe, M. (Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, http://www.codesria.org/?lang=en, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Britain declared Bechuanaland a 'protectorate' in 1885 in a move largely driven by military strategic considerations rather than by the availability of economic resources. This can give the impression that in Botswana the process of economic underdevelopment, that is often associated with colonialism, never took place in this British 'protectorate'. This article reveals that even in the so-called 'protectorate', the British colonial state policies subverted indigenous economic interests and stifled opportunites for indigenous private capital accumulation, while actively promoting the economic interests of a small white settler capitalist class. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/652 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_AD_2006.pdf (1.331Mb) -
Pansiri, J. (WileyInterscience, www.wileyinterscience.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of company executive characteristics in strategic alliance formation in the tourism sector of travel. A survey of Australian travel sector businesses was carried out and the result indicate a high level of interaction through alliances between various sectors of the Australian tourism industry. Top managers' characteristics (experience, ownership,and risk taking attitude)were found to be influential in taking strategic decisions of whether to form alliances or not. These characteristics do not play an important role in determining the number of alliances an organisation has and their geographical location, as much as company characteristics do. The findings of this paper imply that company characteristics are important in determining alliance formation. Managers should thoroughly consider these characteristics when deciding not only to form alliances, but also the type of alliances that could help their organizations to be more competitive, give limited resources. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/821 Files in this item: 1
Pansiri_IJTR9_2007.pdf (1.900Mb) -
Monyatsi, P.P. (Kamla - Raj Enterprises, http://www.krepublishers.com, November NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper argues that much as the gender mainstreaming process was a noble venture, the cross-cutting nature of the gender mainstreaming was not fully understood and appreciated by some very powerful and influential sectors and stakeholders in the religious world. In short, their belief that what has been created by God cannot be changed by man frustrates any gender mainstreaming interventions as they are above the constitutions of the states. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/637 Files in this item: 1
Monyatsi_JSS_2008.pdf (1.317Mb) -
Onibere, E.A.; Morgan, S.; Busang, E.M.; Mpoeleng, D. (Elsevier Science Ltd, www.elsevier.com/locate/intcom, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper reports on research carried out to determine whether a localised interface is preferred by users in a multi-cultural and multi-lingual country where a non-local language is nationally used,. We attempted to discover whether local symbols are more acceptable to users as icons and also whether the current phrases used in menus and icon descriptions are clearly understood by the various communities. A survey was conducted nation-wide among computer end-users in Botswana. The results indicate an overwhelming desire from users for a localised interface. However, there appears to be little need for localised icons and no agreement as to which language to use for text-based interfaces. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/887 Files in this item: 1
Mpoeleng_IC_2001.pdf (1.247Mb) -
Ngowi, A.B. (Taylor and Francis, http://www.pdfserve.informaworld.com/940578_73138570, NaN, 1997)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines the strategy of employing a hybrid combination of indigenous and modern housing construction technologies. Using a Botswana village as a case study, this paper examines four traditional house types in relation to the household income, skills, materials and aspects which could be improved by adapting industrialized methods. Using experimental houses, the case study provides the costs, benefits, potential problems and implementation considerations. The paper discusses the weaknesses and virtues of traditional construction technologies, how appropriate aspects from modern technologies can be incorporated or adapted into traditional methods and the implications for developing appropriate, affordable housing technologies URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/370 Files in this item: 1
Ngowi_1997_BRI.pdf (800.7Kb) -
Nkoane, B.B.M.; Sawula, G.M.; Wibetoe, G.; Lund, W. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jgeoexp, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: Plant species that accumulate high levels of metals in proportion to the metal content in the soil are of considerable interest in biogeochemical and biogeobotanical prospecting. This study was aimed at investigating copper and nickel accumulation in the plants Helichrysum candolleanum and Blepharis diversispina, to assess their potential use as mineral indicators in biogeochemical prospecting. Soils and plants were collected from copper–nickel mineralised areas in Botswana. Analyses of the soils and the respective plant parts (roots, stem, leaves and flowers) were carried out using ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), which allowed rapid determination of copper and nickel in small amounts of the samples. The metal concentration in the soil was in the range c40 Ag/g–4% (w/w) for Cu and c60 Ag/g–0.3% (w/w) for Ni. The concentration ranges of the elements in the plant parts were c6 Ag/g–0.2% Cu and c3–210 Ag/g Ni. At high soil metal content (greater than 2.5% (w/w) Cu and 0.1% (w/w) Ni), high levels of both nickel and copper were found in the shoots (leaves and flowers) of H. candolleanum. Concentrations as high as 0.2% (w/w) Cu were found in the leaves and flowers of H. candolleanum, indicating hyperaccumulation for this plant. For B. diversispina, the metal concentrations did not exceed 100 Ag/ g for any plant part, for both metals. Both plant species tolerate high concentrations of metals and should therefore be categorized as metallophytes. In order to evaluate metal translocation from the soil to the shoots, metal leaf transfer coefficients (ratio of metal concentration in the leaf to metal concentration in the soil) were calculated. Our data suggest that the two plant species have different metal uptake and transport mechanisms, which needs to be investigated further. The present work also suggests that H. candolleanum may be used as a copper/nickel indicator plant in biogeochemical or biogeobotanical prospecting. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/527 Files in this item: 1
NKOANE2005Indicatorplants.pdf (1.835Mb) -
Sabone, M.B. (Sage Publications, http://jfn.sagepub.com, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This report is part of a larger study that investigated the relationships between illness demands, marital support, and psychological adjustment in the context of diabetes mellitus in rural and urban middle-aged marital couples in Botswana. Ninety-six persons experiencing diabetes and 87 of their spouses participated in the study. This report is based on data from 87 diabetic patients and their spouses. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Patients and their spouses were interviewed separately. Three open-ended questions elicited participants’ personal experiences of illness demands. The couple participants reported many challenging illness experiences associated with the illness and contextual factors that influenced their perception about the burden of illness and reported that the illness experienced was often a growth-enhancing and maturing process. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/990 Files in this item: 1
Sabone_JFN_2008.pdf (1.169Mb) -
Togarasei, L. (Edinburgh University Press, http://www.euppublishing.com/, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: This study seeks to find out what has attracted women to Christianity. In particular, it seeks to find out the existential circumstances and needs of the Harare Christian women that have led them to be attracted to Jesus. What are their images of Jesus Christ, and how do these fulfill their existential needs and aspirations? In apartheid South Africa and the black American movement, for example, Christ was seen as liberator. Who is Jesus Christ then for the Harare Christian women? To address these questions, the paper is divided into three sections. The first section provides a brief discussion of Chriscology in the New Testament. This is done to show that even the Christology of the New Testament communities was influenced by their existential needs. A second section, which gives a general overview of African Christology, follows this. The third section then focuses on the Christology of Harare women. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/593 Files in this item: 1
Togarasei_SWC_2007.pdf (515.9Kb) -
Ama, N.O.; Oucho, J.O. (Medical and Pharmaceutical Publications, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Background: The healthcare of Batswana (citizens of Botswana) as indicated in the country’s Vision 2016 is one of the top priorities of the government of Botswana, yet Botswana’s National Health Policy, the Immigration Policy and the National Sexual and Reproductive Health Programme Framework all are silent on the obligations of the government to provide health services to the immigrant and refugee population. In view of the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa and other sub-Saharan countries, it is critical that reproductive health services be as affordable and accessible for the immigrants and refugees as they are for other residents in Botswana. This study measured the views of the primary healthcare providers in Botswana on the perceived reproductive health needs of immigrants and refugees and the availability and accessibility of reproductive healthcare services to the immigrant and refugee populations in the country. This information will be important for policy makers, the government of Botswana and the private sector to shape intervention measures to assist immigrants and refugees in seeking and accessing the desired reproductive health services. Methods: The study targeted all 4 667 medical doctors and nurses who were serving in various hospitals and clinics in 23 health districts of Botswana as at June 2005 when this study was conducted. Using NCS Pearson statistical software, the sample size for the study was determined to be 851. This estimated sample size was allocated to the 23 health districts (strata) using probability proportional to size (PPS). Having obtained the sample size for each district, the healthcare providers to be interviewed from each health district were selected randomly and in proportion to the number of doctors and nurses in each district. Questionnaires were administered to these healthcare providers by research assistants who explained the purpose of the study and obtained informed consent. The questionnaires were coded to ensure the anonymity of the respondents. It contained questions about the healthcare providers’ demographic characteristics, their opinions on the reproductive health needs of immigrants and refugees, and their views on factors that influence the accessibility of these services to immigrants and refugees. Data were collected from 678 doctors and nurses(about 80% of the targeted sample). Results: The majority of the healthcare providers indicated that the most important reproductive health needs of the immigrants and refugees, namely pregnancy-related services (prenatal, obstetrics, postnatal conditions), treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS treatment and counselling and family planning were not different from those of the locals. However, some major differences noted between the local population and the foreigners were (i) that antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programmes were never accessible to the non-citizens; and (ii) that while treatments and other health services were free to Batswana, a fee was charged to non-citizens. Although 86% of the 21 studied reproductive health services were available in the healthcare system more than 50% of the time, only 62% of them were accessible to the immigrants and refugees 50% of the time. The major reasons for inability to access these services were: (i) The immigrants and refugees have to pay higher fees to access the reproductive health services; (ii) Once an immigrant or refugee is identified as HIV positive, there are no further follow-ups on the patient such as detecting the immune status using a CD4 count or testing the viral load; (iii) The immigrants and refugees do not have referral rights to referral clinics/hospitals for follow-ups in case of certain health conditions; and (iv) The immigrants and refugees are required to join a medical aid scheme to help offset part of the costs for the desired services. Conclusions: The study recommended that the government of Botswana should improve the availability of reproductive health services to immigrants and refugees, and expunge those laws and practices that make it difficult for immigrants and refugees to access the available reproductive health services. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1070 Files in this item: 1
Ama_SAFP_2009.pdf (664.2Kb) -
Ngowi, A.B. (MCB University Press, http://www.emerald-library.com, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) as an integrated approach to management that represents a holistic management philosophy, rather than a series of techniques, is embedded with cultural values and assumptions that are consistent with its culture of origin. This study aims to determine the outcome of implementing TQM in a place that does not share its cultural base. A survey of 100 construction firms in Botswana found that, although the values embedded in TQM could be adopted within the organisations into which it is implemented, the cultural context of the greater society resisted some of the values. It was concluded that, for TQM to be successful in a particular cultural setting, it has to take on some of the host cultural values URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/350 Files in this item: 1
Ngowi_2000_JEIM.pdf (915.4Kb) -
Ngowi, A.B. (MCB University Press; Emerald Publishing Group Ltd; http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers/quality.asp, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Total quality management (TQM) as an integrated approach to management that represents a holistic management philosophy, rather than a series of techniques, is embedded with cultural values and assumptions that are consistent with its culture of origin. This study aims to determine the outcome of implementing TQM in a place that does not share its cultural base. A survey of 100 construction firms in Botswana found that, although the values embedded in TQM could be adopted within the organisations into which it is implemented, the cultural context of the greater society resisted some of the values. It was concluded that, for TQM to be successful in a particular cultural setting, it has to take on some of the host cultural values. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/170 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)ngowi1.pdf (97.37Kb) -
Kurugundla, C.N.; Bonyongo, M.C.; Serumola, O. (Taylor & Francis, December 22, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: The risk and effect of the insecticide deltamethrin, applied aerially in Botswana to control and eradicate tsetse fly, was studied on the non-target weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae, a biocontrol agent of the aquatic weed Salvinia molesta. Environmentally-simulated short-term toxicity bioassay used open iron cages and closed plastic basins containing weevils and salvinia placed in riverine water bodies, where they were exposed to the aerial applications of deltamethrin over the Kwando–Linyanti system in 2006. Control samples were placed 40 km outside the sprayed area. Weevil mortality, determined at 12, 36 and 60 hours after the aerial application, reached a maximum of 27%. No significant difference in mortalities was observed between the closed basins and the open cages. The amount of deltamethrin deposited at ground level was between 1.2 and 6.4 μg m–2 and the insecticide toxicity was related to the weevil mortality. Simultaneous field monitoring through five spray applications showed that weevil abundance declined in late winter. Deltamethrin had a negligible impact on the weevil’s ability to control salvinia under field conditions, probably due to the weevils’ protective mechanism and because vegetation could act as a barrier, preventing the insecticide from reaching the weevils. Minimum impacts of deltamethrin on the weevils in the present study and their recovery in the field are consistent with those of earlier spray applications in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/808 Files in this item: 1
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Magole, L.; Thapelo, K. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study carried out on the impact of the recent (2004) severe flooding of the Okavango River on the livelihood of the molapo (flood recession) farming community of Tubu village in Ngamiland sub-district. Government and NGO disaster relief organisations responded to the floods in panic and desperation while affected communities appeared calm and laid-back. To the extent that they (communities) refused to evacuate flood plains and island settlements to make way for the considerably high and potentially dangerous flood of 2004; the communities' reaction was surprising as the floods were so severe upstream, that they caused damage to property, threatened lives and reduced yields significantly. However, studying the farming community of Tubu revealed that community members have other considerations which make them perceive the inherent risk differently from outsiders. Communities view flooding (whether severe or normal) more as part of the biodiversity production system and a source of livelihood than a destructive force. It was found regarding molapo farming that, first, even under hazardous flooding conditions crop yields are still better compared to those under alternative dryland farming. Secondly, destructive floods occur at 10- to 20-year intervals, making the gamble worthwhile because over time the flood-related benefits outweigh the risks. Thirdly, because the molapo farming communities are poor, other sources of livelihood are not adequately developed to take over from molapo farming. Fourth, the system has evolved into an old tradition which the farmers are not willing to part with. Hence the farmers are adamant that abandoning the production system is not, as yet, an option for them. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/949 Files in this item: 1
Magole 2005 Impact of.pdf (1.900Mb) -
Bolaane, M. (Wiley-Blackwell, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a background discussion on the impact of game reserve policy on Bugakhwe, “River BaSarwa” (Bushmen/San people) in Eastern Ngamiland. The issues of local community ownership and its relationship to perceptions of what constitutes a rural development, and the problems of land rights, wildlife management and settlement, are important in the booming industry of the Okavango region. When the Moremi Game Reserve was created in 1963, the San of Khwaai were moved out and relocated in their present position, at the north gate of the Moremi Game Reserve. The question of access to traditional land and its resources has characterized the BaSarwa’s response to the government’s Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) initiative of 1995. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/535 Files in this item: 1
Bolaane_SPA_2004.pdf (2.049Mb) -
Bolaane, M. (Blackwell Synergy; The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com, August NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a background discussion on the impact of game reserve policy on Bugakhwe, " River BaSarwa" (Bushmen/San people) in Eastern Ngamiland. The issues of local community ownership and its relationship to perceptions of what constitutes a rural development, and the problems of land rights, wildlife management and settlement, are important in the booming industry of the Okavango region. When the Moremi Game Reserve was created in 1963, the San of Khwaai were moved out and relocated in their present position, at the north gate of the Moremi Game Reserve. The question of access to traditional land and its resources has characterized the BaSarwa's response to the government's Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) initiative of 1995. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/229 Files in this item: 2
Bolaane_SPA_2004.pdf (4.085Mb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Bonu, N.S.; Motau, P. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org, April NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Traditional schools of thought advocated the theory of low income tax rates’ influencing economic development, whereas modern schools of thought propagated the theory of higher income tax rates producing greater economic growth, especially for developed nations. In order to justify these thoughts an attempt was made taking Botswana as a case study to pin point the effect of low and high income tax rates on economic growth. In this study various parameters were taken into account including income tax rates, income tax revenue, total revenue and GDP of the country in the nominal and real value of the money. It was located that low income tax rates boosted the economic growth of Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1085 Files in this item: 1
Bonu and Motau_JAT_2009.pdf (1.699Mb) -
Mogalakwe, M.; Mufune, P.; Molutsi, P. (Taylor and Francis (Routledge), www.taylorandfrancisgroup.com/, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: Labour legislation is the unique device governments use to lay down standards and conventions in the workplace and to control industrial relations. Using focused interviews with unionists, government officials, employers and other relevant parties, this field study investigated the way in which labour legislation in Botswana affects the organisation of the country's federation of unions. The findings indicate that the BFTU's organisation is affected by the Trade Union and Employers Organisation Act.In particular, the restrictions in this Act separate policy and administration in the BFTU and this has had negative implications for the union's effectiveness. The fact that its policymaking body is part-time negatively affects coordination, communication and cooperation processes in the BFTU. According to the Act, public sector workers are not technically employees and therefore cannot belong to unions. This gives the impression that the state is not particularly convinced about the benefits of unionisation. This may create a difficult environment in which the BFTU and other unions must operate. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/886 Files in this item: 1
Mogalakwe_DSA_1998.pdf (1.165Mb) -
Impact on water quality of land uses along Thamalakane-Boteti River: an outlet of the Okavango DeltaMasamba, W.R.L.; Mazvimavi, D. (Elsevier, July 8, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is a semiarid country and yet has one of the world’s famous wetlands: the Okavango Delta. The Thamalakane- Boteti River is one of the Delta’s outlets. The water quality of the Thamalakane-Boteti River was determined and related to its utilisation. The major land uses along the Thamalakane River within Maun are residential areas, lodges, hotels, and grazing by cattle and donkeys. The water is used as a source of water for livestock, wildlife in a game park, horticulture and domestic applications including drinking. The river is also used for fishing. To check whether these activities negatively impact on the water quality, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, Faecal coliforms and Faecal streptococci and selected metals were determined from July 2005 to January 2006. The pH was near neutral except for the southern most sampling sites where values of up to 10.3 were determined. Dissolved oxygen varied from 2 mg/l to 8 mg/l. Sodium (range 0.6–3.2 mg/l), K (0.3–3.6 mg/l), Fe (1.6–6.9 mg/l) conductivity (56–430 lS/cm) and Mg (0.2–6.7 mg/l) increased with increased distance from the Delta, whereas lead showed a slight decline. Total dissolved phosphorus was low (up to 0.02 mg/l) whereas total dissolved nitrogen was in the range 0.08–1.5 mg/l. Faecal coliform (range 0–48 CFU/100 ml) and Faecal streptococci (40–260 CFU/100 ml) were low for open waters with multiple uses. The results indicate that there is possibility of pollution with organic matter and nitrogen. It is recommended that more monitoring of water quality needs to be done and the sources of pollution identified. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/740 Files in this item: 1
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Litchev, A.I.; Yanev, K.M. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Analysis of the induction motor failures show, that a significant number of motors are damaged due to single phasing.At such conditions the current increases rapidly and the motor is subjected to burnouts and consequently to long downfalls in the corresponding industry.Normally all motors are protected against thermal overloading by bimetal relays, but they are not always capable to ensure protection at single phasing.A secure protection is needed to trip the motor off in any case of single phasing especially for high power motors. The problems related to the motor protection against single phasing are discussed in this paper paper and for ensuring of such protection an electronic circuit is proposed and described. The circuit reacts immediately whenever a motor line current gets zero.A signal from this circuit switches off the motor starter on failures of anyone of the three phases. In such way the motor burnouts and downfalls are prevented. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/622 Files in this item: 1
Litchev_BJT_2006.pdf (1.753Mb) -
Mazonde, I.N.; Malete, J.; Sugarman, J. (SRA International Publications. http://www.srainternational.org, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: It is globally expected that universities will ensure that policies guiding researchers’ conduct are in place and adhered to. This expectation is not waived in developing countries. Successful implementation of an ethics policy is facilitated by an appropriate national regulatory framework on which to base the argument for compliance. However, it is possible to implement such policies even when a regulatory framework is absent. The University of Botswana implemented a program to increase awareness of research ethics and to manage allegations of research misconduct through a needs assessment and seminars on the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). This paper describes this problem, and the success of the program initiated to address it. This program serves as a model for other research institutions in the developing world that may encounter similar challenges. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/634 Files in this item: 1
Mazonde_JRA_2007.pdf (1.666Mb)