Browsing by Title
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Oduaran, A. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, May NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The global phenomenon called globalization frequently offers justifications for socio-economic and political actions aimed at bringing rapidly into fruition the "Global Village" which Marshall McLuhan had anticipated decades ago. Both the 1972 UNESCO sponsored Commission Report chaired by Edgar Faure and that of 1996 chaired by Jacques Delors produced important documents which, as at other times, reviewed issues and priorities in education worldwide, in spite of the obvious extreme diversity in socio-economic, political and educational situations, conceptions and structures. As always, UNESCO had been concerned about the numerous and vibrant challenges the future holds in store for everyone. In doing so, lifelong education has been identified as one of the indispensable assets available to us in the pursuits which regularly bring into the fore the concern for equality, equity and, indeed, human reasonableness. As the world pursues the ideals and objectives of globalization, the need arises for a timely reassessment of positions especially in the context of consequences and challenges that are inherent. This paper seeks to examine globalization in the context of some of the major challenges it poses for Africa. In particular, it proposes how lifelong education might be structured to assist Africans in comprehending, evaluating and possibly, participating comparatively effectively in the relations implied in globalization rather than standing aloof and becoming hapless objects. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1042 Files in this item: 1
ODUARAN_IJLE_2000.pdf (1.785Mb) -
Kamwendo, G.H. (Brill Academic Publishers. http://www.brill.nl/m%5Fcatalogue.asp?sub=3, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: In a linguistically heterogeneous country, one of the critical challenges is to make information accessible to all people. Various communication media can be used: television, radio, telephone, the Internet and others. Malawi needs to embrace Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in order to achieve development in all spheres of human life. Malawi’s use of ICTs ranks low. Th e critical challenge, therefore, is to promote an increased use of ICTs with the aim of improving people’s access to information. Given that only a minority of Malawians have access to ICTs, that television has not signifi cantly penetrated into rural areas where 80 % of the population lives, and that there is also a high illiteracy rate, the radio becomes the most accessible form of technology for information dissemination in Malawi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/530 Files in this item: 1
Kamwendo_PGDT_2008.pdf (590.8Kb) -
Ikpe, I.B. (Boleswa Journal of Theology, Religion and Philosophy (BJTRP), December NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper focuses on public morality in Africa and examines the contributions of Christian theology to moral decline in Africa. The paper points out the disparity between the theology of purnishment in African religions and the theology of purnishment in Christianity and suggests that this disparity may be the underlying cause of the decline in public morality in Africa. It explores the function of fear as an instrument of moral preservation in both traditional religion and Christianity and argues that the transition from traditional religion to Christianity diminished the efficacy of this instrument and thus affected attitude of Africans to public morality. In conclusion, the paper recommends a re-engineering of the Christian theology to stem this crisis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/351 Files in this item: 1
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Sathyamoorthi, C.R. (Science Publications, http://www.thescipub.com, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is fast developing country and has witnessed remarking progress in areas of agriculture and industry since independence. The eighth National Development Plan covering 1997/98 -2002/03 period has economic diversification as its central theme. Botswana's strong external position provides flexibility in achieving increased employment through industrial development. Every country aims at achieving self-suffiency through producing what the country needs. Governments do encourage industries to enhance production to satisfy internal and external demands. Encouragement and incentives would be in the form of financial assistance, state protection etc. and through this the state aims at achieving considerable improvemnt in enterpreneurship performance. The Government of Botswana is quite active in promoting small, medium and micro enterprises through its policies in industrial development. This paper looks at the government policy on SMME and the performance of these enterprises in relations to the policies and assistance. It also considers the contribution of SMME towards the country's economic growth. The global market has changed considerably as also the activities of small, medium and micro entreprises. Today, for business to survive, dynamism and enterpreneurship must exist in its fullest degree. The study has tried to measure the level of global sense and growth oriented mind of these enterprises, as they are considered essential to withstand global competition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/830 Files in this item: 1
Sathyamoorthi_PJAS2_2002.pdf (1.134Mb) -
Ranganai, R.T.; Whaler, K.A.; Ebinger, C.J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The granite-greenstone terrain of south-central Zimbabwe, encompassing the Belingwe (Mberengwa) greenstone belt and sections of the Great Dyke, provides important constraints on models for the evolution of the Zimbabwe craton and the Archaean crust in general. In this paper we enhance and model existing and recently acquired gravity data from the region and correlate the anomalies and their derivatives with the known basement geology to evaluate models for greenstone belt development. We also study the spatial gneiss-granite- greenstone association in general, and the geologic implications of models of the anomaly patterns in particular. Although the Belingwe greenstone belt has been mapped, its subsurface geometry is poorly known. Similarly, the Great Dyke is well studied, but no systematic study of the extent and cross-cutting relations of other mafic dykes in the Archaean crust has been undertaken. The regional gravity field shows no evidence for crustal thickness variations in the area and the gravity anomalies can be explained by lateral density variations of the supracrustal rocks. Prominent gravity highs are observed over the high density (≤ 3000 kg/m3) volcanosedimentary piles (greenstone belts) and ultramafic complexes. Well-defined elongate, sub-oval/elliptical gravity lows are associated with intrusive granitic plutons. The granite-greenstone contacts are marked by steep gravity gradients of up to 5 mGal/km that imply steeply dipping or near-vertical contacts for the anomalous bodies. This is tested and confirmed by 2½D modelling of gravity profiles across the Belingwe and Fort Rixon greenstone belts, constrained by measured densities and observed geological data. The modelling also indicates that these belts, and possibly all the belts in the study area (based on comparable densities and anomaly amplitudes), have limited depth extents in the range of 3–5 km. This is comparable to thicknesses obtained elsewhere from deep seismic reflection data and geoelectrical studies, but mapped stratigraphic thicknesses give a maximum depth extent of about 9.5 km. Present studies and previous work support the idea that the volcanics were extruded within rift zones and laid on older granitic crust, followed by subsidence and rapid deposition of sediments that were sourced from the adjacent basement terrains. The volcano-sedimentary sequences were subsequently deformed by intruding younger plutons and affected by late-stage strike-slip activity producing cross-cutting structures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/276 Files in this item: 1
Ranganai_JAES_2008.pdf (4.603Mb) -
Ranganai, R.T.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Atekwana, E.A.; Paya, B.K.; King, J.G.; Koosimile, D.I.; Stettler, E.H. (Royal Astronomical Society. http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X&site=1, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The Limpopo Belt of southern Africa is a Neoarchean orogenic belt located between two older Archean provinces, the Zimbabwe craton to the north and the Kaapvaal craton to the south. Previous studies considered the Limpopo Belt to be a linearly trending east-northeast belt with a width of ~250 km and ~600 km long. We provide evidence from gravity data constrained by seismic and geochronologic data suggesting that the Limpopo Belt is much larger than previously assumed and includes the Shashe Belt in Botswana, thus defining a southward convex orogenic arc sandwiched between the two cratons. The 2 Ga Magondi orogenic belt truncates the Limpopo–Shahse Belt to the west. The northern marginal, central and southern marginal tectonic zones define a single gravity anomaly on upward continued maps, indicating that they had the same exhumation history. This interpretation requires a tectonic model involving convergence between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons during a Neoarchean orogeny that preserved the thick cratonic keel that has been imaged in tomographic models. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/326 Files in this item: 1
Ranganai_GJI_2002.pdf (1.361Mb) -
Bonyongo, M.C.; Harris, S. (Willey Blackwell Publishing http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.html, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: We used body weight ratio to determine the degree of species-packing of the Okavango Delta (22,000 km2) grazers and compared it to that of four conservation areas of similar sizes but varying in the diversity of habitat types. They are Etosha National Park (23,175 km2) in Namibia, Hwange National Park (14,621 km2) in Zimbabwe, Kafue National Park (24,000 km2) in Zambia and Kruger National Park (19,633 km2) in South Africa. We considered possible ecological explanations for existing gaps within the assemblage. The weight ratio (measure of the degree of species-packing) of the grazers of the Okavango Delta was 1.25, with a total of 27 species which was far less than the theoretically expected 2.0. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there were significant differences in the degree of species-packing between the Okavango Delta and other conservation areas of similar size in southern Africa (F1,5 ¼ 166, P < 0.001). Regressing habitat heterogeneity (expressed as number of different habitat types) on species-packing of the five conservation areas yielded a positive linear relationship with R2 ¼ 0.76 implying that 76% of the variation in the degree of speciespacking in the five conservation areas is explained by variation in habitat heterogeneity. We conclude that size ratios are useful descriptors of animal communities and it is a useful measure of species diversity, which can be used for monitoring purposes. Imbalances in weight ratios provide a measure of identifying perturbations due to species loss or arrival of new species within a natural ecosystem. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/608 Files in this item: 1
Bonyongo_AJE_2007.pdf (1.153Mb) -
Sajidu, S.M.I.; Masamba, W.R.L.; Thole, B.; Mwatseteza, J.F. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/ijps, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
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VanderPost, C.; McFarlane, M. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jag, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Locating additional long-term groundwater resources in semi-arid regions of developing countries with growing populations is an expensive undertaking. Simple geographic information system (GIS) techniques can be utilised to facilitate efficient application of expensive geophysical techniques and test-drilling by functioning as an interdisciplinary integration and decision-making tool, especially in data-poor and poorly mapped environments where more sophisticated GIS techniques are not applicable. The paper demonstrates this in the context of the search for groundwater alternatives to the dwindling river water supply in the Boteti area of the Kalahari region in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/573 Files in this item: 1
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Bonyongo, C.M. (Botswana Society, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper presents preliminary results from a long-term study on the ecology of large herbivores in the Okavango Delta. The paper evaluates habitat selection and utilization by impala (Aepyceros melampus) at the various habitat scales. Impala, the most abundant and widely distributed mammal species in the Delta, showed seasonality in habitat use and habitat selection. In all seasons impala used mixed open woodlands more than any other habitat type. Open grasslands and upper floodplains are also key habitats for impala. As a mixed feeder, impala are able to use a wide range of habitats. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/931 Files in this item: 1
Bonyongo 2005 Habitat.pdf (1.198Mb) -
Mmualefe, L.C.; Torto, N.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Mbongwe, B. (Elsevier Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/microc, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was optimized for the analysis of pesticides with gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Factors influencing the extraction efficiency such as fiber type, extraction mode and temperature, effect of ionic strength, stirring and extraction time were evaluated. The lowest pesticide concentrations that could be detected in spiked aliquots after HS-SPME–GC-ECD ranged from 0.0005 to 0.0032 μg L−1. Consequently hexachlorobenzene, trans-chlordane, 4,4′-DDD and 4,4′-DDE were detected in water samples after HS-SPME at concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 61.4 μg L−1 that are much higher than the 0.1 μg L−1 maximum limit of individual organochlorine pesticides in drinking water set by the European Community Directive. The same samples were cleaned with ISOLUTE C18 SPE sorbent with an optimal acetone/n-hexane (1:1 v/v) mixture for the elution of analytes. No pesticides were detected after SPE clean-up and pre-concentration. Precision for both methods was satisfactory with relative standard deviations less than 20%. This work demonstrated the superiority of HS-SPME as a sample clean-up and pre-concentration technique for pesticides in water samples as well as the need to identify and control point sources of pesticides. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/851 Files in this item: 1
Mbongwe_MJ_2009.pdf (786.8Kb) -
Ekosse, G.; Jager, L.; Van den Heever, D.J. (African Forum of Health Sciences http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/view/30803/23134, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This study determines the prevalence of types of sicknesses and diseases affecting patients vising health service facilities and the available health services within the Selebi Phikwe Ni-Cu area, Botswana.Through the administration of the questionnaires and structured questions, attempts were made to establish and verify the existing human health problems at the study area by focusing on respiratory tract related symptoms of sicknesses and diseases.With the aid of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), interpreted results from respondents indicated that all the health service providers served patients suffering from headaches, persistent coughing, chest pains, lower abdominal pains, pain when passing out urine, genital discharge and diarrhea.Seventy one percent of the health service providers indicated that their patients who suffered from recent loss of body weight, and another 86 % pointed out that their patients had influenza/common cold. Other health complaints reported included unusual spitting, shortness of breath, palpitations, neausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Moreover the health service providers indicated that they had patients who suffered from significant illnesses of which some passed away. However, if they are lacking facilities, patients are referred to bigger health service providers in the country. The findings of the study do not general depict demarcating differnces of health status of residents of the study area to those of the control site. A need therefore for further investigations to be conducted to establish relations of mining activities to human health at Selebi Phikwe is called for. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/425 Files in this item: 1
Ekosse_AJHS_2005.pdf (1.623Mb) -
Mbongwe, B.; Mmereki, B.T.; Magashula, A. (Elsevier Ltd. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/404/description#description, March 12, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Healthcare waste management continues to present an array of challenges for developing countries, and Botswana is no exception. The possible impact of healthcare waste on public health and the environment has received a lot of attention such that Waste Management dedicated a special issue to the management of healthcare waste (Healthcare Wastes Management, 2005. Waste Management 25(6) 567-665). As the demand for more healthcare facilities increases, there is also an increase on waste generation from these facilities. This situation requires an organised system of healthcare waste management to curb public health risks as well as occupational hazards among healthcare workers as a result of poor waste management. This paper reviews current waste management practices at the healthcare facility level and proposes possible options for improvement in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/223 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Chaturvedi, P.; Pipedi-Tshekiso, M.; Moseki, B.; Kwape, P.E. (Academic Journals, http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: Bark of Bauhinia purpurea tree was collected and both the water and methanol extracts were prepared. Both extracts were tested for free radical scavenging activities and phenol content. Water extract was then tested for its protective potentials against alcohol induced toxicity. For this experiment, twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups, alcohol control group, normal control and two experimental groups. The rats in alcohol control group received alcohol (5 g/kg), rats in normal control were given water. Rats in two experimental groups were administered two doses of methanol extract (50 and 100 mg/kg respectively) plus alcohol (5 g/kg) for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed after ether anesthesia. Liver and blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements. Parameters measured were thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbic acid. Results showed that both methanol and water extracts scavenged free radicals equivalent to gallic acid scavenging and were found rich in total phenol content. Results of in vivo experiments showed that the water extract inhibited lipid peroxidation, protected the experimental animals from hepatic toxicity and maintained the levels of antioxidants in dose dependent manner. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1018 Files in this item: 1
Chaturvedi_SRE_2011.pdf (207.7Kb) -
Kgafela, N.A. (University of Botswana, Department of English, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: The paper examines the representation of women in Raja Rao's Kanthapura, especially within the socio-political realms. This will be done in relation to Mahatma Gandhi's principle of Satyagraha. The paper surveys the role played by women in the Indian fight for independence against the British rule and attempts to establish whether their role is a heroic/ dominant or subaltern one. Are they heroines or victims of their own society, i.e. are they being used to sacrifice their 'physical and emotional needs' for the victory of men? Who gets the medal in the end. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/855 Files in this item: 1
Kgafela_MJLL_2006.pdf (1.460Mb) -
Ahmad, M.; Thangaraj, R.; Sathiaraj, T.S. (Springer, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Bulk samples of Sn10Sb20-xBixSe70 (0 B x B 8) chalcogenide alloys were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. Thin films were prepared on wellcleaned glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the alloys with x = 0 and 2 at.% of Bi were amorphous, whereas the alloys with x = 4, 6, 8 at.% were crystalline. The crystalline phases are identified as due to the formation of Bi2Se3 and BiSe2 phases. The microstructural and differential scanning calorimetric studies show the presence of these phases. A simple, straight forward procedure suggested by Swanepoel has been used to calculate the optical parameters, refractive index, and extinction coefficient. The optical gap for all the samples has been obtained from the Tauc plots. The variation in optical parameters for different Bi concentration has been explained on the basis of presence of defect states and the change in stoichiometry with the change in Bi concentration. Description: some symbols on the abstract may not appear as they are on the text. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/752 Files in this item: 1
Heterogeneous crystallization.pdf (777.8Kb) -
Mbewe, D.D. (University of Botswana, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper describes the fundamental principles of production and accomplishment of High Definition Television (HDTV)-the television system of the future.It looks at the parameters of high definition television (HDTV),and shows how the values of these parameters can be derived from consideration of the performance of the viewer's visual system. Bandwidth requirements for various TV and HDTV systems are compared, and a number of optical fibre transmission techniques are considered for HDTV. In conclusion it is stated that the large bandwidths demands of uncompressed HDTV can be met by emerging technology in optical fibre transmission systems-in particular, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The paper is as a result of a project study conducted by the author and a colleage when he studied for his degree at Essex University,England. It makes no reference to the development and relevance of HDTV in the African context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/627 Files in this item: 1
Mbewe_bjt_1998.pdf (1.386Mb) -
Makgala, C.J. (Routledge, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t713429127, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Although economic, political, ethnic and religious factors have led to regionalisms and other divides, causing civil strife and civil wars in many countries, in Botswana the north-south divide existed for a long time merely as a political undercurrent. However, the turn of the twenty-first century saw the explosion of issues motivated by perceptions that it was the north-south divide that caused imbalance in the provision of infrastructural development and ethnic inequality. This article traces the north south divide in Botswana back to the early British colonial enterprise, when it was used for administrative convenience. Although in the post-colony the first president handled the situation pro-actively, his successors abandoned this approach. Regionalism ensued as personal ambitions for power and wealth took political and sometimes tribal dimensions. Ethnic identities were used to bolster campaigns despite the fact that identities in Botswana are multiple and multilayered rather than mutually exclusive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/590 Files in this item: 1
Makgala_JCAS_2009.pdf (4.772Mb) -
Makgala, C.J. (Routledge (Taylor and Francis group), http://www.routledge.com, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: Although economic, political, ethnic and religious factors have led to regionalisms and other divides, causing civil strife and civil wars in many countries, in Botswana the north south divide existed for a long time merely as a political undercurrent. However, the turn of the twenty-first century saw the explosion of issues motivated by perceptions that it was the north south divide that caused imbalance in the provision of infrastructural development and ethnic inequality. This article traces the north south divide in Botswana back to the early British colonial enterprise, when it was used for administrative convenience. Although in the post-colony the first president handled the situation pro-actively, his successors abandoned this approach. Regionalism ensued as personal ambitions for power and wealth took political and sometimes tribal dimensions. Ethnic identities were used to bolster campaigns despite the fact that identities in Botswana are multiple and multilayered rather than mutually exclusive. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/553 Files in this item: 1
Makgala_JCAS_2009.pdf (1.639Mb) -
Ngwenya, B.N.; Kgathi, D.L. (Elsevier Ltd; www.elsevier.com/locate/pce, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This case study investigates access to potable water in HIV/AIDS related home-based care households in five rural communities in Ngamiland, Botswana. Primary data collected from five villages, consisted of two parts. The first survey collected household data on demographic and rural livelihood features and impacts of HIV/AIDS. A total of 129 households were selected using a two-stage stratified random sampling method. In the second survey, a total of 39 family primary and community care givers of continuously ill, bed-ridden or non-bed-ridden HIV/AIDS patients were interviewed. A detailed questionnaire, with closed and open-ended questions, was used to collect household data. In addition to using the questionnaire, data was also collected through participant observation, informal interviews and secondary sources. The study revealed that there are several sources of water for communities in Ngamiland such as off-plot, outdoor (communal) and on-plot outdoor and/or indoor (private) water connections, as well as other sources such as bowsed water, well-points, boreholes and open perennial/ephemeral water from river channels and pans. There was a serious problem unreliable water supply caused by, among other things, the breakdown of diesel-powered water pumps, high frequency of HIV/AIDS related absenteeism, and the failure of timely delivery of diesel fuel. Some villages experienced chronic supply disruptions while others experienced seasonal or occasional water shortages. Strategies for coping with unreliability of water supply included economizing on water, reserve storage, buying water, and collection from river/dug wells or other alternative sources such as rain harvesting tanks in government institutions. The unreliability of water supply resulted in an increase in the use of water of poor quality and other practices of poor hygiene as well as a high opportunity cost of water collection. In such instances, bathing of patients was cut from twice daily to once or not at all. Depending on the severity of HIV/AIDS related symptoms, e.g. diarrhoea, 20-80 additional litres of water could be required daily. The case study demonstrates that, at individual level, access to water is an integral element of the patient's holistic healing process and psychosocial well being. At household and community levels, access to sufficient supplies of potable water when and where it is needed is central to mitigation of HIV/AIDS impacts. Access to water should therefore not be treated strictly as an economic good due to its importance as a basic human need, a social good and indeed a human right. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/172 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)ngwenya_kgathi_PCE_06.pdf (4.416Mb)