Browsing by Title
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Khartchenko, N.V.; Oladiran, M.T.; Douglass, G.W. (University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: Coal is plentiful in many parts of the world but its combustion can create severe environmental and aesthetic problems.In the past three decades, the cost of crude oil and natural gas has been unstable and the reserves of these fuels are exhaustible. Other non-conventional energy resources, for example, solar, wind and tidal energy are only making a small contribution to the energy mix in few countries. Consequently, coal still has an important role to play to satisfy the energy demand, especially when it can be converted before combustion to other less environmentally objectionable forms, e.g. coal gas/producer gas. This paper describes the basic principles of coal gasification process and compares the performance of different gasifiers. The fundamentals of the raw gas cleaning methods are presented and experience to date of coal gasification in Botswana is discussed.It seems certain that coal gasification in tanderm with combined cycle power plant will be a principal technique for electricity generation in the next century. The paper recommends that Botswana takes necessary actions to gain maximum advantage from these developments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/710 Files in this item: 1
Khartchenko_BJT_1999.pdf (1.810Mb) -
Mubyana-John, T.; Wright, M.G. (Global Science Books, http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/, NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: A study assessing fungi isolated from three climatic regions of Botswana as a possible control for root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) affecting the tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. ‘Money maker’) crops was conducted. Out of 1,250 soil fungal isolates, only 232 soil fungi from the Okavango Delta, Bobirwa district and different saltpans in Botswana could be sub cultured, and screened for antagonism against Meloidogyne sp. Seven of the isolates i.e., Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Dendriphiopsis sp., Fusarium chlamydosporium, Cochliobolus sativus, Aspergillus fumigatus and an unidentified sterile fungus showed potential to immobilize nematode juveniles on agar plates within 2-4 days. C. sativus and Dendriphiopsis sp. showed maximum paralysis on agar plates and eventually death of the Meloidgyne sp. juveniles. In greenhouse studies using tomato plants the fungi alleviated the effect of nematodes by increasing plant, shoot height and root weight as compared to the reference controls. Cochliobolus sativus and Trichoderma sp. showed maximum plant protection of tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Fungi ability to produce cellulase and chitinase were some of the mechanisms studied. The results indicated that Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Dendriphiopsis sp., Fusarium chlamydosporium, Cochliobolus sativus and Aspergillus fumigatus are nematode antagonistic fungi indigenous to Botswana that can be used to control nematodes as they are better adapted in comparison to introduced fungi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/917 Files in this item: 1
Mbuyana-John_AJPSB_2011.pdf (813.1Kb) -
Haron, M. (Faculty of Theology, University of Stellenbosch, http://academic.sun.ac.za/tsv/Scriptura/scriptura.htm, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Southern Africa's Muslim minorities have been growing at a steady pace through procreation, conversion and migration. These Muslim communities have rooted and embedded themselves onto the Southern African soil and have contributed in varied ways to the respective countries where they reside and live. Apart from South Africa's well documented Muslim community, very little attention has been given by scholars to the Muslim communities in its neighbouring states. When one surveys the region, it becomes evident that nothing substantial has been written about the Muslims in Namibia, Swaziland and Lesotho except for a few popular journalistic articles, and that few attempts have been made by scholars to write about the Muslim communities in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana. This article will therefore try to look at the last mentioned country with specific focus on the Gaborone Muslim community. This article complements the academic studies that have been produced in 1989 and 1998/2000 respectively. This article mainly focuses itself upon the contemporary developments that have taken place in Botswana's capital city where most of the Muslims reside and work. It intends to pinpoint, describe and briefly analyse all the major role players and institutions that are around and that have contributed towards creating a unique Gaborone Muslim community. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/150 Files in this item: 2
haron_gaborone_muslimcommunity2006.pdf (214.9Kb)license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Abegaz, B.M.; Bezabih, M.; Msuta, T.; Brun, R.; Menche, D.; Muhlbacher, J.; Bringmann, G. (American Chemical Society. http://pubs.acs.org/jnp/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The novel phenylanthraquinones 4'-O-demethylknipholone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and gaboroquinones A (3) and B (4) were isolated from the African medicinal plant Bulbine frutescens. Biaryl 2 represents the first phenylanthraquinone glucoside, while 3 and 4 are the first side-chain-hydroxylated phenylanthraquinones. Their constitutions were determined by spectroscopic analysis, in particular by HMBC, HMQC, and ROESY NMR investigations, and by chemical transformations. The axial configurations were elucidated chemically, by deglucosylation of 2 and by side-chain deoxygenation of 3 and 4 to give the known phenylanthraquinones 4'-O-demethylknipholone (5), isoknipholone (6), and knipholone (1), respectively, and chiroptically, by CD investigations. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed moderate to good antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities in vitro. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/346 Files in this item: 1
Gaboroquinones.pdf (407.3Kb) -
Phaladze, N.; Tlou, S. (Oxfam. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/cgde, January 1, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This article discusses the response of Botswana to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In recognition of the fact that HIV/AIDS is more than just a health issue, Botswana has instigated a multi-sectoral response to the epidemic, which sets Botswana apart as an example of a country following ‘best practice’ in HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Yet the battle is not over. AIDS is the leading cause of death in Botswana for young adult women aged between 15 and 19 years old. This article makes suggestions for future improvement, to respond to the challenges facing Batswana women living with, and affected by, HIV/AIDS. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/567 Files in this item: 1
Gender and HIV.pdf (1.167Mb) -
Maruatona, T. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This empirical paper demonstrates that in spite of being a multiethnic society, literacy education in Botswana has ignored gender and cultural diversity. It demonstrates how planners endorsed a technocratic view of planning, emphasizing their curriculum expertise instead of learners' realities. The article argues that planners systematically ignored gender and minority issues through assuming that learners shared common concerns and that they are passive consumers. The planners reinforced their dominance by using one national language in a multilingual community, arguing that it is a natural choice and nobody objected to its use. Finally, the paper suggests that in order to address gender and minority issues, the programme should use the mother tongue and adopt participatory approaches in curriculum planning. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/513 Files in this item: 1
Maruatona_IJLE_2005.pdf (1.475Mb) -
Akpabio, E. (University of Botswana, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The state of Botswana and the University of Botswana have made avowed commitments to gender equity. The former has done so by signing up for and implementing various protocols aimed at enforcing gender justice and the latter by mainstreaming gender in its various processes activities and operations. The main focus of this study is to find out if this commitment to gender mainstreaming is reflected in the University's house journal - UB Newsletter. This is because of the media's ability to influence the public agenda by focusing the audience attention on particular issues, thus guaranteeing the salience of such issues in the minds of audience members. The study universe was the content of the newsletter over a six year period - 2000 - 2005. Content categories were academic, non-academic/social, appointment, and interviews. The study examined physical units, involving examination of the space devoted to activities and achievements of members of staff. The findings indicated that male members of staff dominated in all the content categories in the editions of the publication analyzed, thus giving the erroneous impression that the University of Botswana is a man's world. Flowing from these findings, the study recommends that the Public Affairs Department engage in gender-aware reporting in order to redress the situation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/686 Files in this item: 1
Akpabio_BJAS_2007.pdf (4.728Mb) -
Mobarek, A.; Mollah, A.S. (World Scientific, www.worldscientific.com, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The paper investigates the underlying factors that determine share returns on the Dhaka Stock Ex change. The empirical analysis does not support the critical condition of the Capital Asset Pricing Model of a positive relationship between share return and beta. However, it shows that variables such as size, price to book, volume of shares traded, earnings yield and cash flow yield have a significant influence on share returns. The degree and direction of relationship among the variables are similar to other emerging markets, but are not always consistent with developed markets perhaps due to lack of homogeneous expectations regarding risk return characteristics and different market microstructure. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/798 Files in this item: 1
Mobarek_RPBFMP_2005.pdf (2.071Mb) -
Motshegwe, S.M.; Holmback, J.; Yeboah, S.O. (AOCS Press. http://www.springerlink.com/content/0003-021X, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: A preliminary investigation of the bulk properties of the oil from the edible mophane caterpillar (phane), Imbrasia belina, showed a significant difference in the iodine values of the oils from mature and young phane. Detailed analysis of the fatty acid composition of the two oil samples was thus carried out by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and complemented with 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies to investigate the degree of unstauration in the two oil samples. While these studies showed that the oil samples from the mature and young mophane caterpillar were much the same in fatty acid composition, the data revealed a significant divergence from a literature report on phane oil. This earlier report puts the ratio of total saturated to total unsaturated fatty acids at approximately 1:1 (48.2:48.8, in percentages) and estimates the fatty acid composition for the major fatty acids as 16:0 (31.9%), 18:0 (15.2%), 18:1 (20.4%), 18:2 (9.9%), and 18:3 (19%). The data collected from the present work, however, showed the fatty acid composition for total saturated and total unsaturated fatty acids to be 40.5 and 57.0%, respectively. This work estimated the fatty acid composition for the major fatty acids as 16:0 (27.2%), 18:0 (12.3%), 18:1 (16.1%), 18.2 (10.7%), and 18:3 (29.0%). Thus, linolenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the phane oil. The GC results of the present analysis were largely corroborated by studies of the composition of fatty acid classes in the phane oil estimated from integrals of 1H and 13C NMR signals. Oils from other edible Lepidoptera larvae are also known to be much richer in unsaturated than saturated fatty acids. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/307 Files in this item: 1
General properties.pdf (1.906Mb) -
Cailteux, J.L.H.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Lerouge, C.; Kaputo, A.K.; Milesi, J.P. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The Neoproterozoic central African Copperbelt is one of the greatest sediment-hosted stratiform Cu–Co provinces in the world, totalling 140 Mt copper and 6 Mt cobalt and including several world-class deposits (P10 Mt copper). The origin of Cu–Co mineralisation in this province remains speculative, with the debate centred around syngenetic–diagenetic and hydrothermal-diagenetic hypotheses. The regional distribution of metals indicates that most of the cobalt-rich copper deposits are hosted in dolomites and dolomitic shales forming allochthonous units exposed in Congo and known as Congolese facies of the Katangan sedimentary succession (average Co:Cu = 1:13). The highest Co:Cu ratio (up to 3:1) occurs in ore deposits located along the southern structural block of the Lufilian Arc. The predominantly siliciclastic Zambian facies, exposed in Zambia and in SE Congo, forms para-autochthonous sedimentary units hosting ore deposits characterized by lower a Co:Cu ratio (average 1:57). Transitional lithofacies in Zambia (e.g. Baluba, Mindola) and in Congo (e.g. Lubembe) indicate a gradual transition in the Katangan basin during the deposition of laterally correlative clastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks exposed in Zambia and in Congo, and are marked by Co:Cu ratios in the range 1:15. The main Cu–Co orebodies occur at the base of the Mines/Musoshi Subgroup, which is characterized by evaporitic intertidal–supratidal sedimentary rocks. All additional lenticular orebodies known in the upper part of the Mines/Musoshi Subgroup are hosted in similar sedimentary rocks, suggesting highly favourable conditions for the ore genesis in particular sedimentary environments. Prelithification sedimentary structures affecting disseminated sulphides indicate that metals were deposited before compaction and consolidation of the host sediment. The ore parageneses indicate several generations of sulphides marking syngenetic, early diagenetic and late diagenetic processes. Sulphur isotopic data on sulphides suggest the derivation of sulphur essentially from the bacterial reduction of seawater sulphates. The mineralizing brines were generated from sea water in sabkhas or hypersaline lagoons during the deposition of the host rocks. Changes of Eh–pH and salinity probably were critical for concentrating copper–cobalt and nickel mineralisation. Compressional tectonic and related metamorphic processes and supergene enrichment have played variable roles in the remobilisation and upgrading of the primary mineralisation. There is no evidence to support models assuming that metals originated from: (1) Katangan igneous rocks and related hydrothermal processes or; (2) leaching of red beds underlying the orebodies. The metal sources are pre-Katangan continental rocks, especially the Palaeoproterozoic low-grade porphyry copper deposits known in the Bangweulu block and subsidiary Cu–Co–Ni deposits/occurrences in the Archaean rocks of the Zimbabwe craton. These two sources contain low grade ore deposits portraying the peculiar metal association (Cu, Co, Ni, U, Cr, Au, Ag, PGE) recorded in the Katangan sediment-hosted ore deposits. Metals were transported into the basin dissolved in water. The stratiform deposits of Congo and Zambia display features indicating that syngenetic and early diagenetic processes controlled the formation of the Neoproterozoic Copperbelt of central Africa. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/387 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005GenesisSediment.pdf (2.837Mb) -
Tabulawa, R. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, June NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Curriculum reviews during the past two decades in Botswana have had mixed fortunes for geography in secondary schools. While the subject has modernised over the years it has at the same time shrunk in terms of its spread over the entire secondary schooling period. This paper describes this contradictory development, teasing out some of the most salient forces that have shaped the geography curriculum in secondary schools in Botswana. It argues that the subject's future is precarious and uncertain. Deliberate and concerted effort to promote and 'sell' the subject is required of those with vested interests in it. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/515 Files in this item: 1
Tabulawa_IRGEE_2002.pdf (1.042Mb) -
Tabulawa, R.T. (Routledge. http://www.informaworld.com, January NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This study reports on the strategies (overt and subtle) employed by students in one senior secondary school in Botswana to keep their teachers in an information-giving position. Contrary to the prevailing view that the 'teacher dominance' of classroom activities so often reported in classroom studies results from teachers' desire for social control, this study sees the dominance as a negotiated product, resulting instead from teachers and students exercising power on one another. Such a view of classroom practice is only possible where power is conceptualized not as a negative force that dominates, but as a productive force that simultaneously constrains and enables human action. Viewed this way, classroom reality becomes a co-construction, a 'joint project' by teacher and students. Attempts to change this reality, therefore, must include both teacher and students. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/516 Files in this item: 1
Tabulawa_JCS_2004.pdf (1.362Mb) -
McQuillan, J. (University of Chicago Press www.springerlink.com/index/K8T8573317636045.pdf, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
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Tabulawa, R. (Springer. http://www.springerlink.com, April NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The University of Botswana has not escaped the reform fever currently gripping higher education institutions the world-over. In the late 1980s the University initiated an administrative/management restructuring exercise whose resultant structure was implemented between 1998 and 2000. The exercise, in many respects, was a response to globalization. The emergence, in the past two decades, of a global economy, the massification of higher education, and the globalization of neo-liberal economic thinking have compelled universities to recast their social and economic missions. Consequently, universities have had to restructure within the framework of a global ideology characterized by an emphasis on effectiveness, quality and efficiency. This paper explicates the restructuring exercise at the University of Botswana by locating the exercise within its global and local contexts. It argues that while the resultant structure reflected global influences and trends, it was as much a product of local concerns. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/511 Files in this item: 1
Tabulawa_HE_2007.pdf (2.309Mb) -
Bartsch, A.; Wagner, W.; Scipal, K.; Sabel, D.; Wolski, P. (Elsevier, March 17, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper elaborates on recent advances in the use of ScanSAR technologies for wetland-related research. Applications of active satellite radar systems include the monitoring of inundation dynamics as well as time series analyses of surface soil wetness. For management purposes many wetlands, especially those in dry regions, need to be monitored for short and long-term changes. Another application of these technologies is monitoring the impact of climate change in permafrost transition zones where peatlands form one of the major land cover types. Therefore, examples from boreal and subtropical environments are presented using the analysed ENVISAT ASAR Global mode (GM, 1 km resolution) data acquired in 2005 and 2006. In the case of the ENVISAT ASAR instrument, data availability of the rather coarse Global Mode depends on request priorities of other competing modes, but acquisition frequency may still be on average fortnightly to monthly depending on latitude. Peatland types covering varying permafrost regimes of the West Siberian Lowlands can be distinguished from each other and other land cover by multitemporal analyses. Up to 75% of oligotrophic bogs can be identified in the seasonal permafrost zone in both years. The high seasonal and interannual dynamics of the subtropic Okavango Delta can also be captured by GM time series. Response to increased precipitation in 2006 differsfrom flood propagation patterns. In addition, relative soil moisture maps may provide a valuable data source in order to account for external hydrological factors of such complex wetland ecosystems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/767 Files in this item: 1
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Oduaran, A. (Taylor & Francis, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals, May NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: The global phenomenon called globalization frequently offers justifications for socio-economic and political actions aimed at bringing rapidly into fruition the "Global Village" which Marshall McLuhan had anticipated decades ago. Both the 1972 UNESCO sponsored Commission Report chaired by Edgar Faure and that of 1996 chaired by Jacques Delors produced important documents which, as at other times, reviewed issues and priorities in education worldwide, in spite of the obvious extreme diversity in socio-economic, political and educational situations, conceptions and structures. As always, UNESCO had been concerned about the numerous and vibrant challenges the future holds in store for everyone. In doing so, lifelong education has been identified as one of the indispensable assets available to us in the pursuits which regularly bring into the fore the concern for equality, equity and, indeed, human reasonableness. As the world pursues the ideals and objectives of globalization, the need arises for a timely reassessment of positions especially in the context of consequences and challenges that are inherent. This paper seeks to examine globalization in the context of some of the major challenges it poses for Africa. In particular, it proposes how lifelong education might be structured to assist Africans in comprehending, evaluating and possibly, participating comparatively effectively in the relations implied in globalization rather than standing aloof and becoming hapless objects. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1042 Files in this item: 1
ODUARAN_IJLE_2000.pdf (1.785Mb) -
Kamwendo, G.H. (Brill Academic Publishers. http://www.brill.nl/m%5Fcatalogue.asp?sub=3, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: In a linguistically heterogeneous country, one of the critical challenges is to make information accessible to all people. Various communication media can be used: television, radio, telephone, the Internet and others. Malawi needs to embrace Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in order to achieve development in all spheres of human life. Malawi’s use of ICTs ranks low. Th e critical challenge, therefore, is to promote an increased use of ICTs with the aim of improving people’s access to information. Given that only a minority of Malawians have access to ICTs, that television has not signifi cantly penetrated into rural areas where 80 % of the population lives, and that there is also a high illiteracy rate, the radio becomes the most accessible form of technology for information dissemination in Malawi. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/530 Files in this item: 1
Kamwendo_PGDT_2008.pdf (590.8Kb) -
Ikpe, I.B. (Boleswa Journal of Theology, Religion and Philosophy (BJTRP), December NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper focuses on public morality in Africa and examines the contributions of Christian theology to moral decline in Africa. The paper points out the disparity between the theology of purnishment in African religions and the theology of purnishment in Christianity and suggests that this disparity may be the underlying cause of the decline in public morality in Africa. It explores the function of fear as an instrument of moral preservation in both traditional religion and Christianity and argues that the transition from traditional religion to Christianity diminished the efficacy of this instrument and thus affected attitude of Africans to public morality. In conclusion, the paper recommends a re-engineering of the Christian theology to stem this crisis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/351 Files in this item: 1
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Sathyamoorthi, C.R. (Science Publications, http://www.thescipub.com, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana is fast developing country and has witnessed remarking progress in areas of agriculture and industry since independence. The eighth National Development Plan covering 1997/98 -2002/03 period has economic diversification as its central theme. Botswana's strong external position provides flexibility in achieving increased employment through industrial development. Every country aims at achieving self-suffiency through producing what the country needs. Governments do encourage industries to enhance production to satisfy internal and external demands. Encouragement and incentives would be in the form of financial assistance, state protection etc. and through this the state aims at achieving considerable improvemnt in enterpreneurship performance. The Government of Botswana is quite active in promoting small, medium and micro enterprises through its policies in industrial development. This paper looks at the government policy on SMME and the performance of these enterprises in relations to the policies and assistance. It also considers the contribution of SMME towards the country's economic growth. The global market has changed considerably as also the activities of small, medium and micro entreprises. Today, for business to survive, dynamism and enterpreneurship must exist in its fullest degree. The study has tried to measure the level of global sense and growth oriented mind of these enterprises, as they are considered essential to withstand global competition. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/830 Files in this item: 1
Sathyamoorthi_PJAS2_2002.pdf (1.134Mb) -
Ranganai, R.T.; Whaler, K.A.; Ebinger, C.J. (Elsevier Science Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The granite-greenstone terrain of south-central Zimbabwe, encompassing the Belingwe (Mberengwa) greenstone belt and sections of the Great Dyke, provides important constraints on models for the evolution of the Zimbabwe craton and the Archaean crust in general. In this paper we enhance and model existing and recently acquired gravity data from the region and correlate the anomalies and their derivatives with the known basement geology to evaluate models for greenstone belt development. We also study the spatial gneiss-granite- greenstone association in general, and the geologic implications of models of the anomaly patterns in particular. Although the Belingwe greenstone belt has been mapped, its subsurface geometry is poorly known. Similarly, the Great Dyke is well studied, but no systematic study of the extent and cross-cutting relations of other mafic dykes in the Archaean crust has been undertaken. The regional gravity field shows no evidence for crustal thickness variations in the area and the gravity anomalies can be explained by lateral density variations of the supracrustal rocks. Prominent gravity highs are observed over the high density (≤ 3000 kg/m3) volcanosedimentary piles (greenstone belts) and ultramafic complexes. Well-defined elongate, sub-oval/elliptical gravity lows are associated with intrusive granitic plutons. The granite-greenstone contacts are marked by steep gravity gradients of up to 5 mGal/km that imply steeply dipping or near-vertical contacts for the anomalous bodies. This is tested and confirmed by 2½D modelling of gravity profiles across the Belingwe and Fort Rixon greenstone belts, constrained by measured densities and observed geological data. The modelling also indicates that these belts, and possibly all the belts in the study area (based on comparable densities and anomaly amplitudes), have limited depth extents in the range of 3–5 km. This is comparable to thicknesses obtained elsewhere from deep seismic reflection data and geoelectrical studies, but mapped stratigraphic thicknesses give a maximum depth extent of about 9.5 km. Present studies and previous work support the idea that the volcanics were extruded within rift zones and laid on older granitic crust, followed by subsidence and rapid deposition of sediments that were sourced from the adjacent basement terrains. The volcano-sedimentary sequences were subsequently deformed by intruding younger plutons and affected by late-stage strike-slip activity producing cross-cutting structures. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/276 Files in this item: 1
Ranganai_JAES_2008.pdf (4.603Mb)