Browsing by Title
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Kitindi, E.G.; Mgaya, V.K. (Institute of Finance Management, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This study was undertaken to collect the views of practicing accountants in Botswana on a number of skills considered essential for any gradute in Accounting. Questionnaires were delivered to 250 accountants employed by various organisations in the country. Responses were received from 69 practicing accountants. These accountants were of the view that Accounting lecturers tend to be out of touch with market and competitive expectations because they are isolated from business professionals. Of the essential skills expected for accounting graduates, financial accounting was found to be the most critical technical skill, knowledge of Accounting packages and spreadsheet software were the most critical IT skills, and analytical/critical thinking was found to be the most critical vocational skills. The study concludes that tertiary institutions should try to design their curricula to ensure that their accounting graduates possess the essential skills in the Botswana market. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/707 Files in this item: 1
kitindi.pdf (6.022Mb) -
Daka, J.S.J. (University of Botswana, NaN, 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: There are many instances where a telephone call charge needs to be avaialable immediately after a call is made. Usually, for a fee a telecommunication provider can provide call charge for a particular call. Call charging systems provide this information automatically without recourse to a telecommunications service provider. The application of call charging systems include private automatic branch exchange line cards, home telephone bill monitoring, monitoring telephones in a telephone cafe booth or payphones. This paper examines the design of hardware and software of the sub-systems for a subscriber based call charging system. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/616 Files in this item: 1
Daka_BJT_1998.pdf (1.141Mb) -
Akinsola, H.A. (Arnold. http://nej.sagepub.com/, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: The concern for ethical principles and values is not limited to health professionals alone. However, ethical principles in nursing act as safety valves for social control to prevent professional misconduct and abuse of the rights of clients. As a result of colonial experience, developing countries like Botswana usually follow the European lead, especially examples from the UK. This article examines the ethical problems and dilemmas associated with rural nursing practice in Botswana, a developing country in sub-Saharan Africa. The major ethical problems identified are related to the distribution of and access to health resources in rural communities. It is proposed that nurses must assume responsibility in the field of access and allocation by working collaboratively with governments and other professional bodies, and that nurses as a global community must work together as a team to support each other. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/724 Files in this item: 1
Ethical issues in rural nursing.pdf (1.463Mb) -
Evaluation of methods for the isolation, detection and quantification of cyanobacterial hepatotoxinsMsagati, T.A.M.; Siame, B.A.; Shushu, D.D. (Elsevier Ltd. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505509/description#description, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Cyanobacterial hepatotoxins such as microcystins and nodularins have been responsible for the poisoning of both animals and humans who ingest or come into contact with toxic blooms. They are extremely stable in water due to their stable chemical structure and can tolerate radical changes in water chemistry, including pH and salinity. Different methods for the extraction and detection of these compounds have been reported. Extraction methods utilizing both aqueous and organic solvent systems have been reported. The detection methods ranging from immunological or biochemical assays such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and enzyme activity assays, to chemicals methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and more sophisticated liquid chromatographyà ¢ mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been documented as well. We review some important aspects of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins and methods of analysis for these toxins. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/218 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb) -
Evaluation of methods for the isolation, detection and quantification of cyanobacterial hepatotoxinsMsagati, T A M; Siame, B A; Shushu, D D (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/aquatox, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Cyanobacterial hepatotoxins such as microcystins and nodularins have been responsible for the poisoning of both animals and humans who ingest or come into contact with toxic blooms. They are extremely stable in water due to their stable chemical structure and can tolerate radical changes in water chemistry, including pH and salinity. Different methods for the extraction and detection of these compounds have been reported. Extraction methods utilizing both aqueous and organic solvent systems have been reported. The detection methods ranging from immunological or biochemical assays such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and enzyme activity assays, to chemicals methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and more sophisticated liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) have been documented as well. We review some important aspects of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins and methods of analysis for these toxins. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/314 Files in this item: 1
Evaluation of methods for the.pdf (12.27Mb) -
Monyatsi, P.; Tsayang, G.T.; Mhozya, C.; Bulawa, P. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com, June NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The Government of Botswana has made concerted efforts since attaining independence in 1966 to improve the quality of its primary education sector through a number of reforms. One such reform was the introduction of the Primary Schools Management Development Project in 1999 which was a joint venture with the British Department for International Development (DFID) whose main purpose was to develop the management and instructional leadership skills in primary school heads in order to make them more effective in their jobs. This paper reports the findings of a study that was carried out to evaluate whether the PSMDP achieved its intended mandate of improving the management of primary schools in Botswana. The study adopted the survey research design with questionnaires for different categories of teachers being the main instrument used. The study targeted three out of the six primary education regions, namely Central North, Southern and South Central. A total of forty Government primary schools were used with a total sample of 560 teachers in all. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1066 Files in this item: 1
Monyatsi_IJSRE_2008.pdf (1.350Mb) -
Tsayang, G.; Monyatsi, P.; Bulawa, P.; Mhozya, C. (Kamla - Raj Enterprises, http://www.krepublishers.com, NaN, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: Primary School Management Development Project intended to improve management of primary schools in Botswana started in 1999 and ended in 2002. The Impact Evaluation Study (IES) conducted in 2000 found that management practices introduced by the project had improved management by most SMTs. School Management Teams and Primary School Management Advisors put in place by the Project were functioning well. Cluster and school-based in service training had a positive impact on management of primary schools. The present study wanted to find out whether the findings from the IES were sustained. A survey of 24 schools in four of the six national education regions was conducted. The main findings of the study were that the program activities and structures were sustained. The sustenance was attributed to the initial involvement of the key stakeholders in the conception of the project through the base line study where school managers identified key management areas of need. The sustenance is also attributed to political commitment by the government manifested through regularizing the project into a Ministry of Education programme properly budgeting for. One of the implications of the findings is that commitment by stakeholders should be grounded on a sound understanding and true involvement by the key players from conception to implementation of any program. It is also noted that decentralization should not be abdication of accountability by the mother body, the central government, instead, should be a strategy through which the central government works to empower the policy and programme implementers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/651 Files in this item: 1
Tsayang_JSS_2010.pdf (1.685Mb) -
Shaibu, S. (Cambridge University Press. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PHC, January 1, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper presents developments in evidence-based nursing practice in Botswana, Africa. Issues pertaining to evidence-based practice in community health such as the role of research, the digital divide between African countries and developing countries, and evidenced-based nursing curricula are discussed. The role of globalization in capacity building in evidence-based practice is emphasized. Recommendations for addressing challenges faced by some African countries, including Botswana in implementing evidence-based nursing practice are made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/509 Files in this item: 1
Evidence based nursing.pdf (1.017Mb) -
Pansiri, J. (Elsevier Ltd, www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper gives an insight into the practical process of identifying the research philosophy, methods and research topic by doctoral students. The paper draws from personal experiences on the dilemma and challenges of the doctoral research process in the tourism management. I argue that finding the gap in the literature is a journey negotiated with the literature until the final days of the doctoral thesis. However, not all my experiences are captured in this paper. Therefore, it cannot be claimed that all experiences that doctoral students go through were evaluated, especially that the paper is based on the account of one person - myself. Other students may have different experiences. The significance of this paper is that it identifies the ways in which doctoral studies evolve and identifies further research opportunities in multi-disciplinary research in tourism. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/812 Files in this item: 1
Pansiri_TM_2009.pdf (1.189Mb) -
Mutula, S.M. (Archlib and Information Services, http:www.hwwilson.com/journals;http://www.ajol.info, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The networked world is characterised by the ubiquity and ever increasing application of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in various sectors of an economy, including education, government, libraries, businesses, healthcare and homes. The networked world generates and moves large amounts of electronic information in the form of text, video, audio, graphics, and animations. A networked world affords opportunities for people, for example, to use e-mail for communication, use Web portals to access government information, access digital libraries from any point with a Web connection, and undertake formal and lifelong learning electronically. The evolving networked world has fuelled several paradigm shifts that are greatly impacting the way information and knowledge are created and managed. These paradigm shifts include information society, e-government, digital divide, and e-learning/digital scholarship. This paper provides an overview of the paradigm shifts sweeping the information landscape in the networked world and the implications for the creation and management of information, especially in African libraries URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/476 Files in this item: 1
Mutula_AJLAIS_2008.pdf (1.851Mb) -
Nkoanea, B.B.M.; Wibetoe, G.; Lund, W.; Abegaz, B. (South African Journal of Science, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: BLEPHARIS ASPERA WAS COLLECTED FROM A copper–nickel mineralized area in Botswana and examined as a possible Cu–Ni indicator plant for biogeochemical prospecting. Different plant parts and the host soils were analysed using ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. All plant parts accumulated Cu and Ni in above-normal amounts, although not in hyperaccumulator concentrations. The leaf to soil Cu concentration ratio varied little with metal concentration in the soil. We propose Blepharis aspera as a Cu indicator plant. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/282 Files in this item: 1
Examination of Blepharis.pdf (1.160Mb) -
Malete, L.; Sullivan, P.; Matthies, B. K. (Fitness Information Technology, Inc. http://www.fitinfotech.com, March NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between physical self-perception and the involvement of Jamaican youths in sport and physical activity. A sample of 1052 high school students aged between 12 and 19 years completed a Background Information Questionnaire and the Physical Self-Perception Profile. Participants were involved in competitive sport and recreational physical activities, or were non-participants in sport. Results revealed that the 5-factor structure of the PSPP as proposed by Fox and Corbin (1989) was not appropriate for the data obtained. A three-factor model based on the original PSPP items was proposed, consisting of the factors of Physical Self-Worth, Physical Appearance, and Physical Competence. Significant differences between different levels of sport participation on the three factors were found amongst these factors. Practical implications and proposal for further investigation of physical self-concept measures in this culture are made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1104 Files in this item: 1
MaleteIJSEP_2008.pdf (1.040Mb) -
Mosha, A.C. (United Nations Centre for Regional Development, http://www.uncrd.or.jp, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana, with a population of nearly two million is a democratic, landlocked and prosperous country with one of the highest economic growth rates in the world with the bulk of its economy coming from minerals and cattle. Social and line infrastructure has reached most people in the country. This development has been brought about through careful national development planning as well as through sub national planning. Sub national planning, the subject of this paper, has been through the preparation of economic development plans (district development plans), spatial regional plans (district settlement strategic plans, regional plans and land use plans) and specific subject area plans. Through these plans, in which rural communities fully participate in their planning and implementation, the rural areas have seen marked change and natural resources have been carefully exploited for the benefit of all people. However, in spite of these achievements, their implementation has faced limitations, constraints and challenges which are difficult to overcome. The constraints relate to plan formulation, implementation and monitoring, administrative guidance and problems with vertical and horizontal communication that has created a gap between the intention and reality of bottom-up planning. The paper concludes by putting forward suggestions on how to overcome these problems and chart a way forward for rural development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/646 Files in this item: 1
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Temtime, Z.T. (Science Publications / ANSI Journals; http://www.ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=jas, October NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper reviews the usefulness of the project management approach in promoting organisational and managerial flexibility in traditional organisations in developing countries. Three aspects of project management, viz. organisational structure, organisational behaviour, and planning and control tools, that have immense potential to alleviate these problems are reviewed. The need for indigenous managerial approaches in developing countries, and addressing some of the problems that hinder organisations from exploiting the potential benefits of the project management scheme are discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/186 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_pjas_Oct2001pdf.pdf (611.1Kb) -
Mogapi, M.O. (IJSRE, http://www.ijsre.com/, December NaN, 2012)[more][less]
Abstract: Grading is a central component of educational assessment because it is through grading that a student’s performance is judged as having satisfied the requirement for a given unit or grade level. Accurate determination of the cut-off point between adjacent grades is thus critical in ensuring that a letter grade assigned, and ultimately the certificate given, are a true reflection of a candidate’s mastery of the assessed subject matter. Different systems are used to establish cut-off points: each method with its own advantages and disadvantages. In Botswana, the Angoff grading model was adopted following the introduction of criterion referenced testing in 1997. This model was implemented in order to correctly reflect the achievement level of primary school graduates and at the same time, maintain performance standards from year to year. While this model appears to have robust the theoretical foundations, its practical application and success are highly constrained by contextual country-specific factors. This paper outlines the observed practical limitations of the Angoff grading system in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1115 Files in this item: 1
Mogapi_IJSRE_2012.pdf (1.384Mb) -
Ssegawa, J.K.; Masambaji, C.N. (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, www.ub.bw, April NaN, 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: To deliver project effectively is of paramount importance because most of the world population depend on services delivered by projects. Reports from various countries around the world, including Botswana, still indicate poor project delivery. Several causes may be advanced including ineffective project control. Devising means to alleviate the control problem is therefore, of great importance. Scholars and practitioners have suggested various techniques that monitor and keep track of projects. One of them is the earned value analysis(EVA) which touted by many as an efficient yet effective control system because of its ability to control scope, cost and time. Based on this premise, the study reported in this paper investigated possible use of EVA in building projects in Botswana. The investigation was two fold, firstly, through a questionnaire, quantity surveyors (QSs) were requested to indicate whether they have use the EVA on any building project in Botswana. Results from this survey indicated that EVA is not used at all in Botswana. In fact, majority (63%) of the QSs have not heard of the system before. The second phase of the study investigated its possible use, that is, if using EVA is more adventageous than the convectional control method (CCM). Results indicated that EVA system provide quality information that was well structured, more objective, and easily accessible to all key stakeholders in a timely and understandable manner. However, to use EVA system several challenges were also indentified which included firstly, the need to train the key players in the EVA technique.; the need to change the project regime from arms-length to a cooperative on to allow transfer and sharing of information in the design and construction phases of a project; increasing the use of IT; completing design before tendering even for other trades; and nominating sub-contractors as soon as the main contract is appointed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/875 Files in this item: 1
Ssegawa_BJT_2011.pdf (2.489Mb) -
F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/; F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/; F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/; F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/ (F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/, NaN, NaN)[more][less]
Abstract: F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/ URI: F2MAhq <a href="http://keegmrbweadz.com/">keegmrbweadz</a>, [url=http://fslfksxqquvc.com/]fslfksxqquvc[/url], [link=http://yytrmlnrqtgx.com/]yytrmlnrqtgx[/link], http://pgduhnhyhsmu.com/ Files in this item: 1
ihzzqjwb (1.810Mb) -
Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Nnyepi, M.; Bandeke, T. (Rural Outreach Programme http://www.bioline.org.br/nd, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. It is an underlying factor in many diseases for both children and adults, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it affects one out of every 3 preschoolage children. A well-nourished child is one whose weight and height measurements compare very well with the standard normal distribution of heights and weights of healthy children of the same age and sex. Factors that contribute to malnutrition are many and varied. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of some socio-economic and demographic factors of households on the nutritional status of children under 3 years of age in Botswana. Factors included: the number of children under 3 years of age in the family, occupation of the parents, marital status, family income, parental education, maternal nutritional knowledge, residence location (urban or rural), gender, and breastfeeding practices. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire and measurements of weight and height. Four hundred households and mothers of children under three, representing the 23 Health Regions of Botswana, participated in the study. Reference standards used were those of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). EPI Info software (version 5) was used for data entry and analysis. The results show that the level of wasting, stunting, and underweight in children under three years of age was 5.5 %, 38.7 %, and 15.6 % respectively. Malnutrition was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among boys than among girls. Underweight was less prevalent among children whose parents worked in the agricultural sector than among children whose parents were involved in informal business. Children brought up by single parents suffered from underweight to a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level than children living with both parents. The prevalence of underweight decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as family income increased. The higher the level of the mother’s education, the lower the level of child underweight observed. Breastfeeding was found to reduce the occurrence of underweight among children. The study findings imply that efforts for redressing child undernutrition issues in Botswana should focus on factors associated with development outcomes such as maternal income, maternal education, and the creation of employment or economic engagements that do not compromise important child care practices such as breastfeeding. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1101 Files in this item: 1
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Mahgoub, S.E.O.; Nnyepi, M.; Bandeke, T. (Rural Outreach Program (ROP) www.ropkenya.org; http://www.ajfand.net/Index.html, NaN, 2006)[more][less]
Abstract: Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. It is an underlying factor in many diseases for both children and adults, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where it affects one out of every 3 preschoolage children. A well-nourished child is one whose weight and height measurements compare very well with the standard normal distribution of heights and weights of healthy children of the same age and sex. Factors that contribute to malnutrition are many and varied. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the level of malnutrition and the impact of some socio-economic and demographic factors of households on the nutritional status of children under 3 years of age in Botswana. Factors included: the number of children under 3 years of age in the family, occupation of the parents, marital status, family income, parental education, maternal nutritional knowledge, residence location (urban or rural), gender, and breastfeeding practices. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire and measurements of weight and height. Four hundred households and mothers of children under three, representing the 23 Health Regions of Botswana, participated in the study. Reference standards used were those of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). EPI Info software (version 5) was used for data entry and analysis. The results show that the level of wasting, stunting, and underweight in children under three years of age was 5.5 %, 38.7 %, and 15.6 % respectively. Malnutrition was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among boys than among girls. Underweight was less prevalent among children whose parents worked in the agricultural sector than among children whose parents were involved in informal business. Children brought up by single parents suffered from underweight to a significantly (p < 0.01) higher level than children living with both parents. The prevalence of underweight decreased significantly (p < 0.01) as family income increased. The higher the level of the mother's education, the lower the level of child underweight observed. Breastfeeding was found to reduce the occurrence of underweight among children. The study findings imply that efforts for redressing child undernutrition issues in Botswana should focus on factors associated with development outcomes such as maternal income, maternal education, and the creation of employment or economic engagements URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/219 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)Mahgoub_AJFAND_2006.pdf (330.9Kb) -
Seloilwe, E.S. (Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/704632/description#description, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The results discussed in this report are part of a larger study conducted among the students of the University of Botswana regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. The study triangulated survey methods and focus group discussions. Five main areas were investigated: knowledge and personal experiences of HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior and practices, perceptions about risky sexual behavior on campus, and factors that influence the spread of HIV. This article reports high levels of risky behaviors such as alcohol and drug abuse; unprotected sex; frequent change of sexual partners; sex for financial gain, for prestige, for good grades, to relieve stress, and because of peer pressure; and casual sex as part of socializing. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/578 Files in this item: 1
Factors that influence.pdf (1.399Mb)