Browsing by Title
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Mbaiwa, J.E. (Elsevier http://www.doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper draws on the dependency paradigm to explain the development of enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Using both primary and secondary data source, the study indicates that international tourists, foreign safari companies and investors dominate the tourism industry in the Okavango Delta. The foreign domination and ownership of tourism facilities has led to the repatriation of tourism revenue, domination of management positions by expatriates, lower salaries for citizen workers, and a general failure by tourism to significantly contribute to rural poverty alleviation in the Okavango region. Tourism as a result has a minimal economic impact on rural development mainly because it has weak linkages with the domestic economy, particularly agriculture. Because of its nature, tourism in the Okavango Delta cannot be described as being sustainable from a socio-economic perspective. In order to address problems of enclave tourism development and promote more inclusive and beneficial tourism development in the Okavango, there is need to adopt policies and strategies that will ensure that substantial amounts of tourism revenue are retained in the Okavango and Botswana. These strategies should also ensure that tourism development in the Okavango Delta has strong linkages with the rest of the economy in Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/429 Files in this item: 1
Mbaiwa_TM_2005.pdf (2.402Mb) -
Oladiran, M.T.; Meyer, J.P. (Elsevier http://www.elsevier.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The energy-utilization over a 10-year period (1994–2003) has been analysed for the South African industrial sector, which consumes more primary energy than any other sector of the economy. Four principal sub-sectors, namely iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical, mining and quarrying, and non-ferrous metals/non-metallic minerals were considered in this study. Primary-energy utilization data were used to calculate the weighted mean energy and exergy efficiencies for the sub-sectors and then overall values for the industrial sector were obtained. The results indicate that exergy efficiency is considerably lower than energy efficiency in all the sub-sectors, particularly in mining and quarrying processes, for which the values were approximately 83% and 16%, respectively. The performance of exergy utilization in the industrial sector can be improved by introducing various conservation strategies. Results from this study were compared with those for other countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/957 Files in this item: 1
Oladiran_AP_2007.pdf (792.0Kb) -
Meyer, J.P. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: The energy-utilization over a 10-year period (1994–2003) has been analysed for the South African industrial sector, which consumes more primary energy than any other sector of the economy. Four principal sub-sectors, namely iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical, mining and quarrying, and non-ferrous metals/non-metallic minerals were considered in this study. Primary-energy utilization data were used to calculate the weighted mean energy and exergy efficiencies for the sub-sectors and then overall values for the industrial sector were obtained. The results indicate that exergy efficiency is considerably lower than energy efficiency in all the sub-sectors, particularly in mining and quarrying processes, for which the values were approximately 83% and 16%, respectively. The performance of exergy utilization in the industrial sector can be improved by introducing various conservation strategies. Results from this study were compared with those for other countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/668 Files in this item: 1
Oladiran_AE_2007.pdf (589.3Kb) -
Oladiran, M.T. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/269/description#description, NaN, 1995)[more][less]
Abstract: Botswana depends heavily on imported petroleum products for all premium applications. However, there is an abundant reserve of coal and other alternative sources of energy. This paper presents the energy trends and the various options for harnessing the resources. The importance of energy conservation is also discussed. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/670 Files in this item: 1
Oladiran_ECM_1995.pdf (958.6Kb) -
Uziak, J.; Loukanov, I. A. (Dalhousie University, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
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Gwebu, T.D. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, http://www.springerlink.com/content/102895/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: Like most African countries, Botswana contributes almost insignificantly to global greenhouse emissions (GHGs). In this context, some have argued that energy policy and legislative measures to regulate emissions in Botswana should not be accorded high priority. This is a misguided view when one considers that each country, no matter how under-industrialized, contributes to the overall global emission problem. Moreover, the least developed countries will have to industrialize in order to meet the increasing economic and social needs of their growing populations. For rapidly growing economies like Botswana, whose annual energy demand is projected to increase by about 4% for the next ten years, the importance of compiling accurate inventories of sources and sinks of GHGs and formulating environmentally-friendly policies can hardly be over- emphasized. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides the ideal basis for the country-by-country investigations and management of global climatic change; specifically its nature, properties, directionality, characteristics and probable consequences. Botswana was a founding signatory of UNFCCC in 1992 and ratified the Convention in 1994. The country is also involved in regional cooperation efforts, within the Southern African Development Community, to enforce regulatory mechanisms to minimize GHG emissions from the energy sector. There exist certain energy-related institutions, policies, and regulations in the country which could mitigate the impact of GHG emissions on global warming. This paper, based on government and other relevant documentation, critically analyses Botswana’s energy sector policies in as far as they affect climate change. It is clear that much still needs to be done about energy policies in terms of proper formulation, monitoring, co-ordination, energy pricing and the exploration of energy alternatives to mitigate potentially negative impacts on climate change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/958 Files in this item: 1
Gwebu_GJ_2002.pdf (1.010Mb) -
Foster, J. D. G. (Tempus Publications http://www.ijee.ie/, NaN, 2002)[more][less]
Abstract: The economy of Botswana has grown rapidly since it became independent in 1966, but the population is only 1.7 million. Engineering construction projects are of large scale. The University of Botswana offers engineering degrees in four disciplines, under programs that cover ten semesters. The particular challenges to engineering education in Botswana, as well as the structure of the present and future University of Botswana programs, are described in this paper. Emphasis is placed on a wide range of student individual investigation and design work, and the benefits of a particular project to the student and the program are stated in an illustration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/704 Files in this item: 1
Uziak_IJEE_2002.pdf (769.0Kb) -
Alimi, M.M. (Multilingual Matters and Channel View Publications, http://www.multilingual matters.com, NaN, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: What syntactic patterns emerge in students’ use of articles and modals? What are the reasons for these patterns? What implications do the findings of the study have for English language instruction in Botswana? Exactly 1556 essays comprising class assignments, written seminar presentations, test papers and examination scripts from 514 randomly selected students of the University of Botswana were analysed. The findings indicate that there were systematic omissions, substitutions and insertion of the definite and indefinite articles as well as recurrent use of the expression can be able. Students’ indication of different forms of epistemic modality was confined to the use of could while complex verb phrases involving negation had their constituents reordered such that the negative operator not consistently succeeded the perfective auxiliary. The study shows that the reasons for these errors are both intra- and interlingual, namely the complexities of the two grammatical structures, articles and modals, and the influence of L1. Since the Botswana Senior Secondary Assessment Syllabus specifies ‘accuracy’ in the use of grammatical forms, by demanding high language achievement standards, this paper argues that a return to the teaching of basic grammar in the high school is important for the students’ mastery of articles and modals URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/465 Files in this item: 1
Alimi_LCC_2007.pdf (1.646Mb) -
Radimo, B.W.; Nenty, H.J.; Matsoga, J.T. (African Educational Research Network. http://www.ncsu.edu, June NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: The poor and deteriorating overall performance in Botswana junior school certificate (JSC) examination is a problem that tends to defeat all efforts at finding a solution to it. Language has been found to be a powerful element of quality of education (Obanya, 2004) and the language of instruction, especially if not the learners’ first language, tends to have unlimited power to bring down performance even on other subjects This study was designed to determine the extent to which this might be true for students in Lobatse cluster schools in southern region of Botswana. Two hypotheses were posited to guide this determination and data on the performance of the 1204 students used in the study was collected from the Examination, Research and Testing Division (ERTD) of Botswana. Correlation and regression analyses were done using SPSS statistical package, and the results support the dominance of English language in determining overall performance in JSC especially for the combined group and for females. A little surprising observation was made in the case of males where science, instead of English language was the significant main predictor. The findings were discussed and recommendations made. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/688 Files in this item: 1
Nenty_JAERN_2008.pdf (3.507Mb) -
Alimi, M.M. (University of Botswana, Department of English, http://www.ub.bw, NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper examines the morphological and syntactic differences between English and Setswana pronouns, and how these differences manifest in students usage of English learners may be assisted to become more proficient in using English pronouns. An analysis of 542 essays written by second and fourth year students of the Department of English reveal the following categories of pronoun errors: the intrusion of an independent subject pronoun between a subject and its verb, the conflation of the standard expression the one...the other into the other...the other, inter substitution of they/there/their, lack of gender and case distictions, use of pronouns without antecedents and pronoun referent agreement errors. In terms of the sources of these errors, the paper shows that the first six types of errors seem to relate directly or indirectly to the morphological and syntactic structures of Setswana pronouns while the last type is largely intralingual. The paper recommends that policy, tests and exams in country. It also suggests that teachers should raise their awareness of Botswama English in order to be able to distinguish between learners usage that are unpredictable and those that have become systematic localisms, and delegate more learning resposibility to the learners themselves. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/865 Files in this item: 1
Alimi_MJLL_2008.pdf (3.634Mb) -
Mutshewa, A.; Rao, K.N. (Emerald, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Libraries are changing their modes of delivery at a very fast rate. This article describes how the University of Botswana library has advantage of the new technologies to enhance its service to its patrons. The University local network is used to bring library electronic resources to the desktops of the patrons in their offices. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/423 Files in this item: 1
Mutshewa_LHT_2000.pdf (563.3Kb) -
Ajiboye, J.O.; Silo, N. (IJESE, http://www.ijese.com, July NaN, 2008)[more][less]
Abstract: An intervention study was set up through the School Civic Clubs to improve Botswana Children’s environmental knowledge, attitudes and practices. The underlying assump-tion in using this informal approach was based on the premise that the school time table is already overcrowded and that the infusion approach currently adopted in the country has not produced the desired results. Hence, the Civic Clubs were introduced into ten Primary schools in Botswana. Using this informal approach, the children were given requisite training in civic and environmental issues, and they engaged in various activities for a period of six weeks. Data was collected before and after the project activities using two hundred members of the civic clubs and two hundred non-members of the club. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive analyses. Findings indicate a significant change in the knowledge and attitudes of the pupils after their exposure to the club activities. Also, there was a significant difference in the knowledge of pupils exposed to the EE club activities and those not so exposed. The interaction of pupils’ gender and class of study were also examined. Teaching children environmental issues through the School Civic Clubs was explored in the study, and the findings seem to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach as against the more theoretical class-room-based teaching currently going on in schools. The use of the Civic Clubs in promoting environmental education was therefore advocated by the study, both in Botswana and in other countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/790 Files in this item: 1
Ajiboye_IJESE_2008.pdf (1.212Mb) -
Totolo, O.; Chanda, R. (Elsevier Science Ltd, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622855/description#description, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: The collection of papers in this special edition of the Journal of Arid Environments is a sequel to a Workshop held in Maun, Botswana, in October 2000, on the theme Climate Change, Biodiversity and Multi-species Production Systems in the Kalahari Region. Constituting only about one-third of the workshop papers delivered, this set of articles survived a rigorous peer-review process and are being published as one of the planned outputs of the Maun meeting. Except for the keynote paper by Darkoh which is a review article with a continental purview, the collection is based on research conducted by natural and social scientists within the Southern African Kalahari region either as part of the Southern African Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) co-ordinated from the University of Virginia in the U.S.A. or of the Kalahari Transect project based at the University of Botswana. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/316 Files in this item: 1
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Ekosse, G.; van den Heever, D.J.; de Jager, L.; Totolo, O. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/mineng, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: This study aimed at chemically and mineralogically characterizing whole particulate air matter (PAM) occurring at the Selebi Phikwe nickel–copper (Ni–Cu) area in Botswana, and postulating its possible environmental implications.Heavy metals concentrations in PAM samples around the Selebi Phikwe Ni–Cu plant were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and the mineral phases identified by X-ray powder diffraction technique.The particles consisted of quartz, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, albite and djurleite.Concentration levels of heavy metals contained in PAM samples could be related to mineral phases present.Quite significantly is the occurrence of djurleite, which has not been found in both the orebody and surrounding soils.Djurleite polymorphs formed from secondary mineralization of chalcocite and the gases H2S and SO2 released from concentration/smelting processes.Possible environmental chemistry of the whole PAM based on its mineralogy at Selebi Phikwe area is discussed. Description: Technical Note URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/545 Files in this item: 1
Ekosse2004Environmental Chemistry1.pdf (511.2Kb) -
Sahu, B.K.; Jayaram, S. (University of Botswana, NaN, 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Alarmingly high accumulation of fly ash has led geochemical engineers into finding a solution for the use of flyash as a construction material in the recent past. As of now, although the material has been used in a limited way in the construction of roads, embarkments,dykes and by cement industries, most of it is still dumped as a waste material. There is a general opinion mongst teh Geochemical engineers that fly ash is a non-hazardous material. However, the authors felt that it may not be entirely true due to the fact that fly ash does contain quite a significant proportion of soluble salts. These salts would leak into water if fly ash comes into contact with water or if the ground water leaked through a bed of fly ash. The investigation revealed that Dissolved Oxygen of fly ash polluted tap and clean water is reduced to a level far below the permissible limit for aquatic life. The author would like to emphasise that the findings of the present investigation are being submitted to open an agenda on the issue of water pollution by the fly ash leachate, may it be ground water, water in the vicinity of the ash being used in the construction of dykes,dams, river training structures or for reclamation on sea shores. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/601 Files in this item: 1
Sahu_BJT_2000.pdf (863.8Kb) -
Gwebu, T.D. (Pergamon, www.elsevier.com/locate/habitatint, NaN, 2003)[more][less]
Abstract: This study investigates the profile, dynamics and dimensions ofenvironm ental problems at Old Naledi, a low income urban neighbourhood in Gaborone, the capital city ofBotsw ana. It is based on documentary and field research. The field research has a participatory component involving meetings, discussions and open- ended interviews with the interested and affected persons. It also involves the administration of a structured survey questionnaire to 171 resident respondents. The main findings ofthe study are that residents have made great efforts in improving the availability of the housing stock. However, in the process they have failed to abide by the stipulated Development Control code and Urban Development Standards. This essentially reflects the increasing non-affordability of land and costs of construction materials to urban low income groups due to evolving state policy in the provisioning ofshelt er. The direct result has been a congested, overcrowded settlement. Because ofthis , and a rapidly increasing population, there has been underservicing and the emergence oflif e-threatening home and neighbourhood environmental problems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/496 Files in this item: 1
GWEBU2003Environmental Problems.pdf (2.409Mb) -
Temtime, Z.T. (Science Publications / ANSI Journals; http://www.ansijournals.com/3/c4p.php?id=1&theme=3&jid=jas, NaN, 2001)[more][less]
Abstract: Although environmental scanning is a key concept in management research, its application and importance, particularly in developing African countries, is not well investigated. Scanning the company's external environment for the purpose of exploiting opportunities and minimizing threats in a precondition for the survival and success of firms in the developed economies. Does this precondition also apply to African developing countries like Botswana? Are firms in Botswana formulating their strategies for the attainment of organizational goals without scanning their environment? If not, what are their scanning behaviours? Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 44 firms in Botswana. Findings indicated that companies in Botswana do scan their environment and use the information in major managerial decision-making processes, particularly in strategy formation. Though more importance is attached to the customer / market, competition and economic sectors, corporate leaders in Botswana tend to rely more on impersonal and internal sources as opposed to personal and external sources to analyse an increasingly uncertain sector, This scanning practice calls for the attention of researchers in strategic management in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/187 Files in this item: 2
license.txt (1.998Kb)temtime_pjas_Jul2001pdf.pdf (715.6Kb) -
Mmopelwa, G.; Mosepele, K.; Mosepele, B.; Moleele, N.; Ngwenya, B. (Blackwell Publishing, http://www.blackwellpublishing.com, NaN, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The hydrological regime of the Okavango River Basin is the main driver of ecological change in the delta. The delta supports a small-scale fishery which is a source of livelihood for communities within its fringes. The fish resource is particularly important to subsistence fishers, who have limited access to socio-economic opportunities. However, fish availability is subject to ‘concentration and dilution’ effects because of the hydrological regime. As a copying strategy, fishers use a variety of fishing methods to effectively harvest the delta’s fish community across all its trophic levels. This exploitation regime helps to maintain the delta’s species diversity and only reduces fish biomass proportionally across the different trophical levels. Furthermore, fishers have developed different fish-processing techniques to preserve their harvest for low fishing season periods to cope with low food availability. The aim of this paper therefore, was to explore spatio-temporal variations in fish availability and to show how the delta’s subsistence fishers cope with this dynamicity. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/862 Files in this item: 1
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Shoeb, M.; Jaspars, M.; MacManus, S.M.; Majinda, R.R.T.; Sarker, S.D. (Elsevier Ltd. www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco, NaN, 2004)[more][less]
Abstract: A study focusing on Centaurea cyanus L. (family: Asteraceae alt. Compositae), otherwise known as "cornflower" or "bachelor's button. The seed is purchased from B & T World Seeds sarl, Pauguignan, 34210 Olonzac, France and the voucher specimen (PHSH0002) kept in the Plant and Soil Science Department, University of Aberdeen, UK for testing. The result shows the occurrence of epoxylignans, berchemol (1) and lariciresinol 4-O-b-d-glucopyranoside (2) in the seeds of C. cyanus. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/300 Files in this item: 1
epoxylignans from the seeds.pdf (1.594Mb) -
Oladokun, Olugbade (May 14, 2013)[more][less]
Abstract: The desirability and usefulness of library and its services in any academic programmes is never a contentious issue as they promote quality in education. Success stories of programming and implementation of open and distance education programmes have been told in several parts of the world. Among other things, students in this system sit in their homes and work places to receive their teaching either through the web or hard copies of modulles. Library and information services including the teaching of lifelong information literacy skills (ILS) to distance learners are as well suppossed to be within their easy reach to meet their information needs. Yet for reasons of distance and dispersal, library and information services to the ubiquitous students may be fraught with lots of difficulties. But are these irredeemable? Lest distance learners continue to suffer the disadvantage of increasingly getting marginalised, a sizeable number of professional library associations in various sparts of the world enacted some regulations that guarantee a need to pay attention to their information needs. A lot of efforts, including building the capacity of students on knowledge economy in the use and application of e-resources, are now being exploited. This paper aims at, among others, discussing how technoogy comes to the rescue in service delivery even in some African institutions. Painfully however, even the pedestrian attempt to adequately cater for them in some places is not without its drawback. Is equitable library and information service to open and distance learners possible, particularly in Africa? Is it a myth or reality? URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/1144 Files in this item: 1
Oladokun_Unpublished_2005.pdf (6.446Mb)